A&P - Chapter 27 (Part 3) Flashcards

1
Q

Polycythemia

A

Bone marrow produces too many RBCs leading to an abnormally high RBC count

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2
Q

What is dangerous about polycythemia?

A

Blood may become too thick and not flow properly

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3
Q

What can polycythemia result in? (2)

A
  1. Stroke

2. Heart attack

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4
Q

What is the opposite of polycythemia?

A

Anemia

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5
Q

Erythropoeisis

A

Formation of RBCs

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6
Q

How long does it take for the maturation process of hemocytoblast to matured RBC?

A

4 days

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7
Q

Where does the formation of RBCs begin?

A

In the red bone marrow

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8
Q

Why do RBCs have to be continually replaced?

A

Because they are continually destroyed

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9
Q

How many RBCs are created/destroyed everyday?

A

200 billion

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10
Q

What is the average lifespan of a circulating RBC?

A

105-120 days

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11
Q

How do we get rid of RBCs?

A

Through macrophages in the liver and spleen

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12
Q

What do macrophages try and do?

A

Recycle old, abnormal and broken down RBCs

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13
Q

What is released when Hb is broken down? (3)

A
  1. Amino acids
  2. Iron
  3. Bilirubin
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14
Q

What are the 2 main types of systems by which human blood can be classified?

A
  1. ABO systems

2. Rh systems

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15
Q

ABO system

A

Blood types are identified by self-antigens in the plasma membranes of RBCs

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16
Q

What are we born with?

A

Self antigens

17
Q

Antigen

A

Substance that can activate various responses from the immune system
- including the production of antibodies

18
Q

Non-self antigens

A

Foreign proteins that stimulate an immune system responses

19
Q

Antibody

A

Substance made by the body in response to stimulation by an antigen

20
Q

What will an antibody do?

A

Destroy or neutralize the antigen

21
Q

Agglutination

A

Antibodies reacting with their antigens by making them clump or stick together

22
Q

How many blood types are there?

A

4

23
Q

What are the 4 blood types?

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. AB
  4. O
24
Q

What does the letter stand for in the type of blood?

A

The type of self antigen in the plasma membrane of the individual’s RBCs

25
Q

In type A blood, what kind of antigens do you have?

A

A

26
Q

In type A blood, what kind of antibodies do you have?

A

B

27
Q

In type B blood, what kind of antigens do you have?

A

B

28
Q

In type B blood, what kind of antibodies do you have?

A

A

29
Q

In type AB blood, what kind of antigens do you have?

A

A and B

30
Q

In type AB blood, what kind of antibodies do you have?

A

Neither A nor B antibodies

31
Q

In type O blood, what kind of antigens do you have?

A

Neither A nor B antigens

32
Q

In type O blood, what kind of antibodies do you have?

A

A and B antibodies