A&P - Chapter 27 (Part 3) Flashcards
Polycythemia
Bone marrow produces too many RBCs leading to an abnormally high RBC count
What is dangerous about polycythemia?
Blood may become too thick and not flow properly
What can polycythemia result in? (2)
- Stroke
2. Heart attack
What is the opposite of polycythemia?
Anemia
Erythropoeisis
Formation of RBCs
How long does it take for the maturation process of hemocytoblast to matured RBC?
4 days
Where does the formation of RBCs begin?
In the red bone marrow
Why do RBCs have to be continually replaced?
Because they are continually destroyed
How many RBCs are created/destroyed everyday?
200 billion
What is the average lifespan of a circulating RBC?
105-120 days
How do we get rid of RBCs?
Through macrophages in the liver and spleen
What do macrophages try and do?
Recycle old, abnormal and broken down RBCs
What is released when Hb is broken down? (3)
- Amino acids
- Iron
- Bilirubin
What are the 2 main types of systems by which human blood can be classified?
- ABO systems
2. Rh systems
ABO system
Blood types are identified by self-antigens in the plasma membranes of RBCs
What are we born with?
Self antigens
Antigen
Substance that can activate various responses from the immune system
- including the production of antibodies
Non-self antigens
Foreign proteins that stimulate an immune system responses
Antibody
Substance made by the body in response to stimulation by an antigen
What will an antibody do?
Destroy or neutralize the antigen
Agglutination
Antibodies reacting with their antigens by making them clump or stick together
How many blood types are there?
4
What are the 4 blood types?
- A
- B
- AB
- O
What does the letter stand for in the type of blood?
The type of self antigen in the plasma membrane of the individual’s RBCs
In type A blood, what kind of antigens do you have?
A
In type A blood, what kind of antibodies do you have?
B
In type B blood, what kind of antigens do you have?
B
In type B blood, what kind of antibodies do you have?
A
In type AB blood, what kind of antigens do you have?
A and B
In type AB blood, what kind of antibodies do you have?
Neither A nor B antibodies
In type O blood, what kind of antigens do you have?
Neither A nor B antigens
In type O blood, what kind of antibodies do you have?
A and B antibodies
