A&P - Chapter 10 (Part 5)

Question 1

What are 2 causes of skin cancer?

Answer 1

1. Genetic
2. Environmental
   - excessive exposure to UV radiation

Question 2

What is the most common form of cancer?

Answer 2

Skin cancer

Question 3

What are 3 common types of skin cancer?

Answer 3

1. Squamous cell carcinoma
2. Basal cell carcinoma
3. Malignant melanoma

Question 4

What 2 types of skin cancers account for 95% of skin cancers?

Answer 4

1. Squamous cell carcinoma

2. Basal cell carcinoma

Question 5

Squamous cell carcinoma (4)

Answer 5

1. Slow growing
2. Malignant tumour of epidermis
3. First appear as hard, raised nodules
4. If left untreated, it will grow and metastasize

Question 6

What is the most common type of skin cancer?

Answer 6

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 7

Basal cell carcinoma (3)

Answer 7

1. Usually appear on upper face
2. Least likely to metastasize
3. Small, raised lesion
   - erodes in the centre, forming a bleeding crusted crater

Question 8

Why does basal cell carcinoma occur mostly on the upper face?

Answer 8

Because your face as more exposure yo the sun than any other part

Question 9

What is the most serious form of skin cancer?

Answer 9

Malignant melanoma

Question 10

Malignant melanoma (3)

Answer 10

1. Can develop from a benign pigmented mole
2. Develops into a dark, spreading, cancerous lesion
3. Risk is significantly higher is two blistering sunburns before the age of 20

Question 11

What are the warning signs for malignant melanoma?

Answer 11

ABCDE

Question 12

What does ABCDE stand for?

Answer 12

A = asymmetry 
B = border (irregular)
C = colour (uneven)
D = diameter (>6mm)
E = evolving (any changes)

Question 13

What is one of the most serious and frequent problems affecting the skin?

Answer 13

Burns

Question 14

What are 4 causes of burns?

Answer 14

1. Sunburn
2. Chemicals/Acids
3. Electricity
4. Friction

Question 15

What 2 things does treatment and survival depend on?

Answer 15

1. Total area involved

2. Severity or depth of burn

Question 16

What is the body surface area estimated using?

Answer 16

The rule of nines

- in adults

Question 17

What is the rule of nines?

Answer 17

Body surface areas are divided into 11 areas of 9%

- additional 1% around the genitals

Question 18

What are 3 types of burns you can get?

Answer 18

1. First degree burns
2. Second degree burns
3. Third degree burns

Question 19

What do first degree burns involve?

Answer 19

Only surface layers of the epidermis

Question 20

What kind of damage is caused by first degree burns?

Answer 20

Minimal damage

- peeling and blisters

Question 21

What do second degree burns involve?

Answer 21

Deep epidermal layers

Question 22

What do second degree burns always do?

Answer 22

Cause injury to the upper layers of the dermis

Question 23

What symptoms come from second degree burns? (4)

Answer 23

1. Severe pain
2. Swelling
3. Blisters
4. Scarring

Question 24

What do third degree burns involve?

Answer 24

Complete destruction of the epidermis and dermis

- may involve underlying muscles and bone

Question 25

Do you feel pain in third degree burns? Why or why not?

Answer 25

1. No
2. You burnt off the nerve endings in the second degree burn so you no longer have sensations
   - this is initially but intense pain eventually follows

Question 26

What is loss in third degree burns?

Answer 26

Serious fluid

Question 27

What does the loss of fluid in third degree burn increase?

Answer 27

The risk of infection