A&P - Chapter 4 (Part 1)

Question 1

What are the 4 major groups of organic compounds in the body?

Answer 1

1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic acids

Question 2

What does carbo and hydro mean?

Answer 2

1. Carbo = sugar

2. Hydro = water

Question 3

What do carbohydrates contain? (3)

Answer 3

1. Carbon
2. Hydrogen
3. Oxygen

Question 4

What are carbohydrates made up of, like glucose?

Answer 4

6 carbon subunits called monosaccharides (or simple sugars)

Question 5

Monosaccharides

Answer 5

The simplest of sugars

• single unit of sugar
• cant be broken down further

Question 6

What are 4 examples of monosaccharides?

Answer 6

1. Glucose
2. Galactose
3. Fructose
4. Ribose

Question 7

Disaccharides

Answer 7

Made up of 2 monosaccharide units

Question 8

What are 3 examples of disaccharides?

Answer 8

1. Sucrose
2. Maltose
3. Lactose

Question 9

What 2 monosaccharides make up sucrose?

Answer 9

1. Glucose

2. Fructose

Question 10

What 2 monosaccharides make up maltose?

Answer 10

1. Glucose

2. Glucose

Question 11

What 2 monosaccharides make up lactose?

Answer 11

1. Glucose

2. Galactose

Question 12

Polysaccharide

Answer 12

Complex carbohydrate made up of many monosaccharide units

Question 13

What is an example of a polysaccharide?

Answer 13

Glycogen

- made up of many glucose units

Question 14

What are 2 functions of carbohydrates?

Answer 14

1. Provide body with energy

2. Store energy in their bonds

Question 15

When is energy released from carbohydrates?

Answer 15

When the bonds are broken

Question 16

Lipids

Answer 16

They are fats and oils that are comprised of fatty acids and are insoluble in water

Question 17

What are 2 physical forms of lipids?

Answer 17

1. Fats
   - solid at room temp
2. Oils
   - liquid at room temp

Question 18

What are 3 types of lipids?

Answer 18

1. Triglycerides
2. Phospholipids
3. Cholesterol

Question 19

What are triglycerides made up of? (2)

Answer 19

1. 1 glycerol unit

2. 3 fatty acids

Question 20

What are triglyceride bonds used for?

Answer 20

Bonds store energy for later use

Question 21

What are phospholipids made up of? (3)

Answer 21

1. 1 glycerol
2. 2 fatty acids
3. 1 phosphorus group

Question 22

Hydrophilic

Answer 22

Water loving

Question 23

Hydrophobic

Answer 23

Water fearing

Question 24

What is the head and the tail of the phospholipid?

Answer 24

1. Head = hydrophilic

2. Tail = hydrophobic

Question 25

What are phospholipids important for?

Answer 25

The cell membrane

Question 26

Cholesterol

Answer 26

Molecules that have a steroid structure

Question 27

What does cholesterol do?

Answer 27

Stabilizes the phospholipid tail in cellular membranes

Question 28

What are 3 examples of steroid hormones?

Answer 28

1. Estrogen
2. Testosterone
3. Cortisone

Question 29

What are 3 major functions of lipids?

Answer 29

1. Energy source
2. Structural role
3. Integral part of cell membranes