A&P - Chapter 4 (Part 1) Flashcards
What are the 4 major groups of organic compounds in the body?
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Nucleic acids
What does carbo and hydro mean?
- Carbo = sugar
2. Hydro = water
What do carbohydrates contain? (3)
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
What are carbohydrates made up of, like glucose?
6 carbon subunits called monosaccharides (or simple sugars)
Monosaccharides
The simplest of sugars
- single unit of sugar
- cant be broken down further
What are 4 examples of monosaccharides?
- Glucose
- Galactose
- Fructose
- Ribose
Disaccharides
Made up of 2 monosaccharide units
What are 3 examples of disaccharides?
- Sucrose
- Maltose
- Lactose
What 2 monosaccharides make up sucrose?
- Glucose
2. Fructose
What 2 monosaccharides make up maltose?
- Glucose
2. Glucose
What 2 monosaccharides make up lactose?
- Glucose
2. Galactose
Polysaccharide
Complex carbohydrate made up of many monosaccharide units
What is an example of a polysaccharide?
Glycogen
- made up of many glucose units
What are 2 functions of carbohydrates?
- Provide body with energy
2. Store energy in their bonds
When is energy released from carbohydrates?
When the bonds are broken
Lipids
They are fats and oils that are comprised of fatty acids and are insoluble in water
What are 2 physical forms of lipids?
- Fats
- solid at room temp - Oils
- liquid at room temp
What are 3 types of lipids?
- Triglycerides
- Phospholipids
- Cholesterol
What are triglycerides made up of? (2)
- 1 glycerol unit
2. 3 fatty acids
What are triglyceride bonds used for?
Bonds store energy for later use
What are phospholipids made up of? (3)
- 1 glycerol
- 2 fatty acids
- 1 phosphorus group
Hydrophilic
Water loving
Hydrophobic
Water fearing
What is the head and the tail of the phospholipid?
- Head = hydrophilic
2. Tail = hydrophobic
What are phospholipids important for?
The cell membrane
Cholesterol
Molecules that have a steroid structure
What does cholesterol do?
Stabilizes the phospholipid tail in cellular membranes
What are 3 examples of steroid hormones?
- Estrogen
- Testosterone
- Cortisone
What are 3 major functions of lipids?
- Energy source
- Structural role
- Integral part of cell membranes
