A&P - Chapter 27 (Part 4)

Question 1

Why are there no antibodies in the blood that are the same as the self antigen on the RBC?

Answer 1

It would cause agglutination and clot

Question 2

What is considered an additional antigen?

Answer 2

Rh antigen

Question 3

What does Rh antigen do?

Answer 3

Its what makes a blood type positive or negative

Question 4

Rh positive

Answer 4

Rh antigen is present in plasma membrane of RBC

Question 5

Rh negative

Answer 5

Rh antigen is not present in the plasma membrane of RBC

Question 6

What system does Rh system have the same principles as?

Answer 6

ABO system

- avoids antibody/antigen reactions

Question 7

What is important to consider in blood transfusions?

Answer 7

Rh antigens

Question 8

What are naturally present in the plasma?

Answer 8

No anti Rh antibodies

Question 9

When do anti Rh antibodies appear in the plasma of Rh negative people?

Answer 9

If Rh positive RBCs have been introduced into their bodies

Question 10

What is crucial in blood transfusions in order to avoid agglutination?

Answer 10

Matching the appropriate blood types

Question 11

What blood type is the universal donor?

Answer 11

O-

Question 12

Why is O the universal blood type?

Answer 12

It has no antigens in their plasma membrane

Question 13

What is the blood type for a universal recipient?

Answer 13

AB+

Question 14

Why is AB+ the universal recipient blood type?

Answer 14

It has no anti-A or anti-B or anti-Rh antibodies in its plasma membrane

Question 15

What blood type can be used in emergency situations?

Answer 15

O-

Question 16

Erythroblastosis fetalis

Answer 16

The abnormal presence of erythroblasts in the blood

Question 17

When does erythroblastosis fetalis most common occur? (4)

Answer 17

1. When the mother is Rh-
2. When then father is Rh+
3. When the baby inherits the father’s Rh+ trait
4. When the mother carries a second Rh+ fetus ***

Question 18

What does not naturally occur in the plasma?

Answer 18

Anti-Rh antibodies

Question 19

How do anti-Rh antibodies appear in the blood plasma?

Answer 19

If Rh+ blood cells are introduced into an Rh- persons body

Question 20

What doesnt normally occur between the mother and baby during pregnancy?

Answer 20

Mixing of each others blood

- but it can happen (during devlivery)

Question 21

What leads to erythroblastosis fetalis?

Answer 21

Agglutination of fetal Rh positive RBCs

Question 22

What does the mothers immune system consider?

Answer 22

The baby’s Rh+ RBCs as a pathogen of sorts and so will make anti-Rh antibodies against them

Question 23

What can anti-Rh antibodies do when they cross back through the placenta into the baby’s blood?

Answer 23

Destroy the baby’s circulating RBCs

Question 24

Why are first born infants from first time pregnancies often not affected by erythroblastosis fetalis?

Answer 24

Because it takes the mother some time to develop the anti-Rh antibodies
- all babies she has afterwards who inherit the Rh+ trait from the father are at risk

Question 25

How can erythroblastosis fetalis be diagnosed and prevented?

Answer 25

By administration of a protein called RhoGAM

Question 26

What does RhoGAM do?

Answer 26

Prevents the mother’s body from forming anti-Rh antibodies

Question 27

What substance is released when RBCs are destroyed/broken down?

Answer 27

Bilirubin

Question 28

What does bilirubin do?

Answer 28

Turns the baby yellow

- jaundice