A&P - Chapter 18 (Part 4)

Question 1

What is another name for nerve impulses?

Answer 1

Action potentials

Question 2

What are nerve impulses constantly being conducted from over neuron pathways? (2)

Answer 2

1. Receptors

2. Effectors

Question 3

Reflex arch

Answer 3

Is a specialized neuron pathway that results in a rapid involuntary or autonomic response to a stimulus

Question 4

What is an automatic response to a stimulus called?

Answer 4

A reflex

Question 5

What are 2 types of reflex responses?

Answer 5

1. Contraction by a muscle

2. Secretion by a gland

Question 6

What are the 5 components to a reflex arch?

Answer 6

1. A receptor
2. Sensory/afferent neuron
3. CNS
4. Motor/efferent neuron
5. Effector

Question 7

What does a receptor do? (2)

Answer 7

1. Detects change

2. Generates nerve impulses

Question 8

Where are interneurons located?

Answer 8

In the CNS

Question 9

What is the effector?

Answer 9

Its a muscle that performs the action and manifests the effect

Question 10

What is the difference between a 2 and 3 neuron arch? (2)

Answer 10

1. 2 neuron arch only has a sensory and motor neuron

2. 3 neuron arch has many neuron connections

Question 11

What is another name for a 2 neuron arch?

Answer 11

Monosynaptic

Question 12

What is another name for a 3 neuron arch?

Answer 12

Poly-synaptic

Question 13

What does a two neuron arch consist of?

Answer 13

Sensory neurons synapsing in the spinal cord with motor neurons
- simplest reflex arch

Question 14

What does two neuron arches not have?

Answer 14

Interneurons

Question 15

What does a three neuron arch consist of?

Answer 15

Sensory neurons synapsing in the spinal cord with interneurons that synapse with motor neurons

Question 16

Where are interneurons located?

Answer 16

Entirely within the gray matter of the brain or spinal cord

Question 17

What happens if the sensory information is more threatening?

Answer 17

The information is more likely to get sent to the brain for more complex processing and integration

Question 18

Where are receptor/sensory neurons located?

Answer 18

In the dorsal root ganglion and ends in the posterior horn of the gray matter
- dendrite –> cell body –> axon

Question 19

Synapse

Answer 19

Microscopic space between neurons where neurotransmitters are release in order to promote the nerve impulse onto the next neuron

Question 20

Where is the motor neuron?

Answer 20

In the ventral root

- synapse at neuromuscular or neuroglandular junctions

Question 21

Are 2 neuron relex arcs learned or unlearned?

Answer 21

Unlearned

- true reflexes

Question 22

What do 3 neuron arcs respond to?

Answer 22

Injury or pain

- withdrawal reflex

Question 23

What do 3 neuron arcs provide?

Answer 23

An automatic reaction that occurs quickly to ensure survival

Question 24

Can reflexes occur before you are even conscious of the stimulus/pain?

Answer 24

Yes