A&P - Chapter 26 (Part 3) Flashcards

1
Q

What does the posterior pituitary gland serve as? (2)

A
  1. Storage site for hormones

2. Releasing site for hormones

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2
Q

What 2 hormones are created and stored in the posterior pituitary gland?

A
  1. Antidiuretic hormone
    - ADH
  2. Oxytocin
    - OT
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3
Q

What do neuron cell bodies in the hypothalamus produce? (2)

A
  1. ADH

2. OT

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4
Q

How do ADH and OT travel to the posterior pituitary gland?

A

Along the axons of the neurons that run from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary gland

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5
Q

What is the release of ADH and OT controlled by?

A

Nervous stimulation

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6
Q

What is another word for antidiuretic hormone?

A

Vasopressin

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7
Q

What does ADH primary target?

A

Kidneys

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8
Q

What does ADH do?

A

It accelerates water absorption from urine in the kidney tubules into the blood

  • this decreases urine
  • water retention
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9
Q

What triggers ADH?

A

Dehydration

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10
Q

What does ADH stimulate?

A

Constriction of small arteries

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11
Q

What does ADH increase?

A

BP

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12
Q

What does oxytocin simulate?

A

The pregnant uterus to contract

- initiating labour

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13
Q

What does OT cause?

A

Glandular cells of the breast to release milk into ducts with the help of PRL

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14
Q

What kind of pheromone role do OT have? (2)

A
  1. Cuddle hormone

2. Social/trust hormone

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15
Q

Where is the pineal gland?

A

It is a small pine nut shaped gland located in the diencephalon

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16
Q

Why does glandular tissue predominate in children and young adults?

A

Because it becomes fibrous and calcified with age

17
Q

What is the pineal gland also known as?

A

The third eye

18
Q

Why is the pineal gland known as the third eye?

A

Because of its influence on secretory activity

- related to the amount of light entering the eyes

19
Q

What 2 systems is the pineal gland apart of?

A
  1. Nervous system
    - receives nerve stimulus
  2. Endocrine system
    - secretes hormones
20
Q

What is the main hormone secreted by the pineal gland?

A

Melatonin

21
Q

What does melatonin do?

A

Regulates the body’s internal biological clock

22
Q

When do melatonin levels decrease?

A

In the light

23
Q

When do melatonin levels increase?

A

In the dark

24
Q

What can melatonin affect?

A

Your mood

25
Q

What is the precursor to melatonin?

A

Serotonin

- happy hormone

26
Q

What are 2 names for T4?

A
  1. Thyroxine

2. Tetraiodothyonine

27
Q

What is another name for T3?

A

Triiodothyronine

28
Q

What does T4 and T3 simulate?

A

Cellular metabolism

29
Q

What role does calcitonin play?

A

Role in blood calcium concentration