A&P - Chapter 39 (Part 2)

Question 1

Vermiform

Answer 1

Worm shaped

Question 2

Vermiform appendix

Answer 2

Blind tube off cecum

Question 3

What kind of tissue makes up the appendix?

Answer 3

Lymphatic tissue

Question 4

What is the appendix?

Answer 4

A reservoir/breeding ground for beneficial gut bacteria

Question 5

Appendicitis

Answer 5

Inflammation of the appendix

Question 6

Peritoneum

Answer 6

Large, continuous sheets of serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering abdominal organs

Question 7

Intraperitoneal

Answer 7

Within or administered through the peritoneum

Question 8

Extraperitoneal

Answer 8

Is the portion of the abdomen and pelvis which does not lie within peritoneum

Question 9

Retroperitoneal

Answer 9

Situated or occurring behind the peritoneum

Question 10

What are 3 extensions of the peritoneum?

Answer 10

1. Mesentery
2. Greater omentum
3. Lesser omentum

Question 11

Mesentery

Answer 11

Fan-like extension of parietal peritoneum

Question 12

What does the mesentery attach?

Answer 12

Most of small intestine to lumbar area of posterior abdominal wall

Question 13

What does the mesentery do?

Answer 13

Keeps small intestine ‘in place’

Question 14

Greater omentum

Answer 14

Pouch like extension of the visceral peritoneum from the greater curvature of the stomach/1st part of duodenum

• ‘lace apron’ (due to spotty deposits of fat)
• hangs down from lower edge of stomach and transverse colon over intestines

Question 15

Lesser omentum

Answer 15

From liver to lesser curvature of stomach/1st part of duodenum

Question 16

What is the largest gland in the body?

Answer 16

The liver

Question 17

Where is the liver located?

Answer 17

Under the diaphragm

- RUQ

Question 18

What separates the left and right lobe of the liver?

Answer 18

The falciform ligament

Question 19

What 3 parts make up the right lobe?

Answer 19

1. Right lobe proper
2. Caudate lobe
3. Quadrate lobe

Question 20

What are anatomical units called?

Answer 20

Hepatic lobules

Question 21

What does each hepatic lobule contain?

Answer 21

A small branch of the hepatic vein running through its centre

Question 22

Hepatocytes

Answer 22

Liver cells

Question 23

Where are hepatocytes located?

Answer 23

Arranged around each central vein

- aka intralobular vein

Question 24

What does the portal triad consist of? (3)

Answer 24

1. Interlobular artery
2. Interlobular portal vein
3. Interlobular bile duct

Question 25

What does the blood vessels running through lobules allow?

Answer 25

The liver to carry out its many functions

- e.g. filtering/detoxifying blood, storage or metabolism of nutrients, production/transport of bile

Question 26

What do the hepatic ducts merge with to form the common bile duct?

Answer 26

The cystic duct

Question 27

Where does the CBD open into?

Answer 27

The duedenum

Question 28

What are the functions of the liver? (5)

Answer 28

1. Detoxification by liver cells
2. Bile secretion by liver
3. Liver metabolism
4. Storage
5. Production of important plasma proteins

Question 29

Detoxification

Answer 29

Ingested toxic substances and toxic substances formed in the intestines may be changed to nontoxic substances

Question 30

Bile secretion

Answer 30

Bile salts are formed in the liver from cholesterol and are the most essential part of bile

Question 31

How much bile is produced a day?

Answer 31

1 pint

Question 32

Liver metabolism

Answer 32

Carries out numerous important steps in metabolizing proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

Question 33

What does the liver store? (2)

Answer 33

1. Iron

2. Some vitamins