A&P - Chapter 39 (Part 2) Flashcards
Vermiform
Worm shaped
Vermiform appendix
Blind tube off cecum
What kind of tissue makes up the appendix?
Lymphatic tissue
What is the appendix?
A reservoir/breeding ground for beneficial gut bacteria
Appendicitis
Inflammation of the appendix
Peritoneum
Large, continuous sheets of serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering abdominal organs
Intraperitoneal
Within or administered through the peritoneum
Extraperitoneal
Is the portion of the abdomen and pelvis which does not lie within peritoneum
Retroperitoneal
Situated or occurring behind the peritoneum
What are 3 extensions of the peritoneum?
- Mesentery
- Greater omentum
- Lesser omentum
Mesentery
Fan-like extension of parietal peritoneum
What does the mesentery attach?
Most of small intestine to lumbar area of posterior abdominal wall
What does the mesentery do?
Keeps small intestine ‘in place’
Greater omentum
Pouch like extension of the visceral peritoneum from the greater curvature of the stomach/1st part of duodenum
- ‘lace apron’ (due to spotty deposits of fat)
- hangs down from lower edge of stomach and transverse colon over intestines
Lesser omentum
From liver to lesser curvature of stomach/1st part of duodenum
What is the largest gland in the body?
The liver
Where is the liver located?
Under the diaphragm
- RUQ
What separates the left and right lobe of the liver?
The falciform ligament
What 3 parts make up the right lobe?
- Right lobe proper
- Caudate lobe
- Quadrate lobe
What are anatomical units called?
Hepatic lobules
What does each hepatic lobule contain?
A small branch of the hepatic vein running through its centre
Hepatocytes
Liver cells
Where are hepatocytes located?
Arranged around each central vein
- aka intralobular vein
What does the portal triad consist of? (3)
- Interlobular artery
- Interlobular portal vein
- Interlobular bile duct
What does the blood vessels running through lobules allow?
The liver to carry out its many functions
- e.g. filtering/detoxifying blood, storage or metabolism of nutrients, production/transport of bile
What do the hepatic ducts merge with to form the common bile duct?
The cystic duct
Where does the CBD open into?
The duedenum
What are the functions of the liver? (5)
- Detoxification by liver cells
- Bile secretion by liver
- Liver metabolism
- Storage
- Production of important plasma proteins
Detoxification
Ingested toxic substances and toxic substances formed in the intestines may be changed to nontoxic substances
Bile secretion
Bile salts are formed in the liver from cholesterol and are the most essential part of bile
How much bile is produced a day?
1 pint
Liver metabolism
Carries out numerous important steps in metabolizing proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
What does the liver store? (2)
- Iron
2. Some vitamins
