A&P - Chapter 35 (Part 1) Flashcards
What are the respiratory organs? (7)
- Nose
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Lungs
- Alveoli
What are the functions of the respiratory system? (6)
- Air distributor
- Gas exchanger
- Homeostatic mechanism
- e.g. pH - Filters, warms, and humidifies air for breathing
- Speech and sound production
- Olfaction
Upper respiratory tract
Outside of the thorax
What makes up the upper respiratory tract?
- Nose
- Pharynx
- all parts - Larynx
What kind of cold do you get with the upper respiratory tract?
Head cold
Lower respiratory tract
Within the thorax
What makes up the lower respiratory tract? (3)
- Trachea
- Bronchial tree
- Lungs
What kind of cold do you get with the lower respiratory tract?
Chest cold
What makes up the external structure of the nose?
Bone and ‘cartilage’ frame covered by skin with sebaceous glands
What are the nasal bones surrounded by when they meet? What do they form?
- Frontal bone
2. Forms the ‘root’ of the nose
What is the nose surrounded by?
Maxilla
How many nasal bones do we have?
2
What is the internal structure of the nose considered?
The nasal cavity
Where does the nasal cavity lie?
Over roof of mouth
What separates the nasal cavity?
Separated by palantine bones
Cribiform plate
Separates the roof of the nose from the cranial cavity
Septum
Separates the nasal cavity into the right and left sides
Cleft palate
Palantine bones don’t ‘close’/join –> nose and mouth are only partially separated –> difficulty swallowing
What is each nasal cavity is divided into?
A superior, middle, and inferior meatus
What is another term for nostrils?
External nares
External nares
External openings into nasal cavities/entrance for air
Where is the Paranasal sinuses found? (4)
- Frontal
- Maxillary
- Sphenoidal
- Ethmoidal
Where does the lacrimal sacs drain into?
The nose
Conchae
Fold-like structures that increase surface area in nasal cavity
- superior, middle and inferior
Respiratory mucosa
Specialized membrane that lines the air distribution tubes of the respiratory system
What does the respiratory mucosa have?
A rich blood supply
What is the respiratory mucosa covered with?
Mucus
- mucus blanket
How much mucus is produced per day?
More than 125mL
What does the mucus in the respiratory tract do?
Air purification/filtration
- traps inspired irritants
Where is cilia found?
On mucosal cells
What does cilia do in the respiratory system? (2)
- ‘Beat’ in one direction to ‘propel’ mucus
2. Trapped irritants toward the pharynx for expulsion
What happens to cilia in smokers?
The cilia is paralyzed
