A&P - Chapter 35 (Part 1)

Question 1

What are the respiratory organs? (7)

Answer 1

1. Nose
2. Pharynx
3. Larynx
4. Trachea
5. Bronchi
6. Lungs
7. Alveoli

Question 2

What are the functions of the respiratory system? (6)

Answer 2

1. Air distributor
2. Gas exchanger
3. Homeostatic mechanism
   - e.g. pH
4. Filters, warms, and humidifies air for breathing
5. Speech and sound production
6. Olfaction

Question 3

Upper respiratory tract

Answer 3

Outside of the thorax

Question 4

What makes up the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 4

1. Nose
2. Pharynx
   - all parts
3. Larynx

Question 5

What kind of cold do you get with the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 5

Head cold

Question 6

Lower respiratory tract

Answer 6

Within the thorax

Question 7

What makes up the lower respiratory tract? (3)

Answer 7

1. Trachea
2. Bronchial tree
3. Lungs

Question 8

What kind of cold do you get with the lower respiratory tract?

Answer 8

Chest cold

Question 9

What makes up the external structure of the nose?

Answer 9

Bone and ‘cartilage’ frame covered by skin with sebaceous glands

Question 10

What are the nasal bones surrounded by when they meet? What do they form?

Answer 10

1. Frontal bone

2. Forms the ‘root’ of the nose

Question 11

What is the nose surrounded by?

Answer 11

Maxilla

Question 12

How many nasal bones do we have?

Answer 12

2

Question 13

What is the internal structure of the nose considered?

Answer 13

The nasal cavity

Question 14

Where does the nasal cavity lie?

Answer 14

Over roof of mouth

Question 15

What separates the nasal cavity?

Answer 15

Separated by palantine bones

Question 16

Cribiform plate

Answer 16

Separates the roof of the nose from the cranial cavity

Question 17

Septum

Answer 17

Separates the nasal cavity into the right and left sides

Question 18

Cleft palate

Answer 18

Palantine bones don’t ‘close’/join –> nose and mouth are only partially separated –> difficulty swallowing

Question 19

What is each nasal cavity is divided into?

Answer 19

A superior, middle, and inferior meatus

Question 20

What is another term for nostrils?

Answer 20

External nares

Question 21

External nares

Answer 21

External openings into nasal cavities/entrance for air

Question 22

Where is the Paranasal sinuses found? (4)

Answer 22

1. Frontal
2. Maxillary
3. Sphenoidal
4. Ethmoidal

Question 23

Where does the lacrimal sacs drain into?

Answer 23

The nose

Question 24

Conchae

Answer 24

Fold-like structures that increase surface area in nasal cavity
- superior, middle and inferior

Question 25

Respiratory mucosa

Answer 25

Specialized membrane that lines the air distribution tubes of the respiratory system

Question 26

What does the respiratory mucosa have?

Answer 26

A rich blood supply

Question 27

What is the respiratory mucosa covered with?

Answer 27

Mucus

- mucus blanket

Question 28

How much mucus is produced per day?

Answer 28

More than 125mL

Question 29

What does the mucus in the respiratory tract do?

Answer 29

Air purification/filtration

- traps inspired irritants

Question 30

Where is cilia found?

Answer 30

On mucosal cells

Question 31

What does cilia do in the respiratory system? (2)

Answer 31

1. ‘Beat’ in one direction to ‘propel’ mucus

2. Trapped irritants toward the pharynx for expulsion

Question 32

What happens to cilia in smokers?

Answer 32

The cilia is paralyzed