A&P - Chapter 32-33 (Part 4)

Question 1

What do cytotoxic T cells release?

Answer 1

Lymphotoxins

Question 2

What do lymphotoxins cause?

Answer 2

Killing of a target cell

- APC or infected cell

Question 3

What do helper T cells and suppressor T cells do?

Answer 3

Help to regulate adaptive immunity by regulating B & T cells

Question 4

What do helper T cells secrete?

Answer 4

Cytokines

Question 5

What do cytokines do?

Answer 5

Stimulate B cells and cytotoxic T cells as well as phagocytes and other leukocytes

Question 6

What do activated helper T cells form? (2)

Answer 6

Form cloned populations of…

1. TH cells
2. Memory TH cells

Question 7

What are suppressor T cells also known as?

Answer 7

Regulator cells (T-regs)

Question 8

What do suppressor T cells do? (2)

Answer 8

1. Suppress B cell differentiation into plasma cells
   - allows fine tuning of antibody-mediated response
2. Regulate other T cells, including reducing T-cell reactions to self-antigens

Question 9

Humoral immunity

Answer 9

Immunity conferred by the action of antibodies

Question 10

What is humoral immunity activated by?

Answer 10

B cells

• plasma cells
• memory cells

Question 11

Cell-mediated immunity

Answer 11

Immunity conferred by the action of cells

Question 12

What is cell-mediated immunity activated/sensitized by?

Answer 12

T cells

Question 13

What do activated T cells do?

Answer 13

Kill APCs and infected cells directly

Question 14

How do T cells kill APCs and infected cells directly? (2)

Answer 14

1. Releasing toxins that kill APCs/infected cells

2. Releasing cytokines to attract and activate macrophages to kill APCs/infected cells by phagocytosis

Question 15

What can adaptive/specific immunity be?

Answer 15

1. Natural immunity

2. Artificial/acquired immunity

Question 16

Natural immunity

Answer 16

Exposure to pathogen is not deliberate

Question 17

Artificial/acquired immunity

Answer 17

Exposure to pathogen is deliberate

Question 18

What are the 2 forms you can have of natural and artificial/acquired immunity?

Answer 18

1. Active

2. Passive

Question 19

Where do you get natural immunity from? (2)

Answer 19

1. Inherited
2. Inborn immunity
   - inherited immunity to certain diseases from birth

Question 20

Exposure to pathogen is not deliberate in what type of adaptive immunity?

Answer 20

Natural immunity

Question 21

What are the 2 types of adaptive immunity?

Answer 21

1. Natural immunity

2. Artificial/acquired immunity

Question 22

Active

Answer 22

Active disease promotes immunity

Question 23

What does active natural immunity produce?

Answer 23

Antibodies

Question 24

What happens in passive natural immunity?

Answer 24

Mother passes immunity (antibodies) to fetus through placenta or breast milk

Question 25

Exposure to pathogen is deliberate in what type of immunity?

Answer 25

Artificial/acquired immunity

Question 26

Active artificial/acquired immunity

Answer 26

Vaccination ‘stimulates’ antibody production leading to immunity
- typically longer lasting

Question 27

Passive artificial/acquired immunity

Answer 27

Immune ‘material’ (antibodies) developed in another individual is given to a non-immune person via an injection
- typically shorter lasting