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Anatomy & Physiology > A&P - Chapter 38 (Part 3) > Flashcards

A&P - Chapter 38 (Part 3) Flashcards

1
Q

How long is the esophagus?

A

25cm

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2
Q

Esophagus

A

Muscular, mucus-lined tube

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3
Q

What does the esophagus connect?

A

The pharynx with the stomach

- sphincters at both ends

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4
Q

What do peristaltic actions do?

A

Pushes food to the stomach

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5
Q

What facilitates the passageway for food?

A

Mucous secretion

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6
Q

What happens to the esophagus when the food it not moving through?

A

It collapses

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7
Q

Where is the stomach located?

A

In upper abdominal cavity, under the diaphragm and liver

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8
Q

What is the stomach?

A

A temporary ‘storage’ sac for chewed food

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9
Q

What begins in the stomach?

A

Chemical digestion of proteins

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10
Q

When does the stomach expand?

A

After a meal

- 1-1.5L capacity

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11
Q

What are the 4 parts of the stomach?

A
  1. Cardia
  2. Fundus
  3. Body
  4. Pylorus
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12
Q

Cardia

A

Collar-like region at junction with esophagus

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13
Q

Fundus

A

Enlarged portion to the left and above the opening of the esophagus into the stomach

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14
Q

Body

A

Central portion of the stomach

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15
Q

Pylorus

A

Lower part of the stomach

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16
Q

Lesser curvature

A

Upper right curve of the stomach

17
Q

Greater curvature

A

Lower left curve of the stomach

18
Q

What is the cardiac sphincter also known as?

A

The lower Esophageal Sphincter

19
Q

Cardiac sphincter

A

Ring of muscle at end of esophagus that prevents stomach contents from refluxing back into esophagus

20
Q

What causes hiatal hernia?

A

Weakening of ‘hiatus’

- opening in diaphragm for esophagus

21
Q

What happens to the end of the esophagus with hiatal hernia?

A

It can bulge

22
Q

What can part or all of the stomach do in hiatal hernia?

A

Bulge upwards

23
Q

What can hiatal hernia lead to?

A

GERD

24
Q

What does the pyloric sphincter control?

A

Emptying of stomach into the duodenum

25
Q

What are the 4 components of the stomach wall?

A
  1. Gastric mucosa*
  2. Gastric submucosa
  3. Gastric muscularis*
  4. Gastric serosa
26
Q

What does the gastric mucosa have?

A

Epithelial lining that has rugae marked by gastric pits

27
Q

Gastric glands

A

Secrete the majority of gastric juice

28
Q

Where are the gastric glands located?

A

Below the gastric pits

29
Q

What 3 things make up gastric juice?

A
  1. Chief cells
  2. Parietal cells
  3. Endocrine cells
30
Q

What do chief cells secrete?

A

Enzymes of gastric juice

31
Q

What does parietal cells secrete?

A

HCl

  • instrinsic factors
  • B12
32
Q

What do endocrine cells secrete?

A

Hormones

  • gastrin
  • ghrelin

Anatomy & Physiology (123 decks)

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