A&P - Chapter 40 (Part 3)

Question 1

What is fat broken down into? (2)

Answer 1

1. Glycerol

2. Fatty acids

Question 2

What must happen to fats before getting digested?

Answer 2

Emulsified by bile

Question 3

What does bile contain?

Answer 3

No enzymes

Question 4

Pancreatic lipase

Answer 4

Changes emulsified fats to fatty acids and glycerol in the small intestine

Question 5

Digestive secretions

Answer 5

The release of various substances from the exocrine glands that serve the digestive system

Question 6

What are examples of digestive secretions? (5)

Answer 6

1. Saliva
2. Gastric juice
3. Pancreatic juice
4. Bile
5. Intestinal juice

Question 7

What is saliva secreted by?

Answer 7

Salivary glands

Question 8

What does saliva contain? (2)

Answer 8

1. Mucus
2. Enzymes
   - mostly amylase

Question 9

What does mucus from the saliva do?

Answer 9

Lubricates and mixes with food

Question 10

What is the main enzyme in saliva?

Answer 10

Amylase

Question 11

What pH does amylase function best at?

Answer 11

Alkaline

- acidic

Question 12

What is gastric juice secreted by?

Answer 12

Exocrine gastric glands in the stomach

Question 13

Pepsin

Answer 13

Protease that begins digestion of proteins

Question 14

HCl

Answer 14

Decreases pH of chyme to a level that activates and optimizes pepsin activity

Question 15

What is required for vitamin B12 absorption?

Answer 15

Intrinsic factors

Question 16

What does mucus and water do? (3)

Answer 16

1. Lubricate
2. Protect
3. Help with the mixing of chyme

Question 17

What secretes pancreatic juices?

Answer 17

The exocrine parts of the pancreas

Question 18

What are the enzymes that the pancreas secretes? (4)

Answer 18

1. Proteases
2. Lipases
3. Nucleases
4. Amylase

Question 19

What does the pancreas secrete?

Answer 19

Sodium bicarbonate

Question 20

What does sodium bicarbonate do? (3)

Answer 20

1. Buffers stomach contents that enter into the duodenum
2. Increase pH for optimum enzyme function
3. Plays a role in maintaining blood pH

Question 21

Where is bile secreted? Store?

Answer 21

1. Liver

2. GB

Question 22

What does bile contain?

Answer 22

1. Lecithin
2. Bile salts

• which emulsify fat in preparation for digestion by lipases

Question 23

What is an unique property of bile?

Answer 23

Hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties

- micelles

Question 24

What is the release of bile initiated by?

Answer 24

The presence of fat in chyme

Question 25

What does the detection of fat in chyme stimulate the release of?

Answer 25

The hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) from the duodenum’s intestinal mucosa
- CCK –> contraction of the GB –> bile is secreted into the duodenum

Question 26

What is intestinal juices secreted by?

Answer 26

Cells of the intestinal exocrine glands

Question 27

What does sodium bicarbonate do?

Answer 27

It increases the pH to optimize enzyme function

Question 28

What is salivary secretion controlled by?

Answer 28

Reflex mechanism

- stimulated from the presence of food

Question 29

What stimuli is involved with salivary secretions?

Answer 29

1. Olfactory

2. Visual