A&P - Chapter 23 (Part 1)

Question 1

What makes is possible for the body to respond to stimuli caused by changes in our internal and external environment?

Answer 1

Sensory receptors/organs

Question 2

What is the general function of receptors?

Answer 2

Is to respond to stimuli

Question 3

How do receptors respond to a stimuli?

Answer 3

By converting stimuli to nerve impulses

Question 4

Do different types of receptors respond to different stimuli?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

Receptor potential

Answer 5

Is a local potential that develops in a receptors membrane when an adequate stimulus acts on a receptor

Question 6

What kind of response is a receptor potential?

Answer 6

Graded response

- graded to the strength of the stimulus

Question 7

What happens when the receptors reaches a certain threshold?

Answer 7

It triggers an action potential in the sensory neurons axon

Question 8

Where do action potentials/impulses travel?

Answer 8

Over sensory pathways to the brain and spinal cord

Question 9

What happens to impulses once they reach the brain and spinal cord?

Answer 9

They interpret the particular sensations or initiate some type of reflex action

Question 10

What is an example of a reflex? (2)

Answer 10

1. Hitting the patella and having the leg move

2. Pulling your hand away from a hot surface

Question 11

Adaptation

Answer 11

Is a functional characteristics of receptors

Question 12

What does adaptation refer to?

Answer 12

The process that causes the receptor potential to decrease over time in response to a continuous stimulus

Question 13

What does a decrease of stimulus lead?

Answer 13

To a decrease rate of impulse conduction and a decreased intensity of sensation

Question 14

What are 5 examples special sense receptors?

Answer 14

1. Smell
2. Taste
3. Vision
4. Hearing
5. Equilibrium

Question 15

What is an example of localized special sense receptors?

Answer 15

Taste buds on the tongue

Question 16

What is an example of complex special sense receptors? (2)

Answer 16

1. Eyes

2. Nose

Question 17

General sense organs

Answer 17

Are microscopic receptors widely distributed throughout the body in the skin, mucosa, connective tissue, muscles, tendons, joints and viscera
- somatic senses

Question 18

How are receptors classified? (3)

Answer 18

1. By location
2. By stimulus detected
3. By structure

Question 19

What are 3 examples of classification of receptors by location?

Answer 19

1. Exteroceptors
2. Interoceptors/visceroceptor
3. Proprioceptors
   - special type of visceroceptor

Question 20

What are 6 examples of classification of receptors by stimulus detected?

Answer 20

1. Mechanoreceptors
2. Chemoreceptors
3. Thermorecptors
4. Nociceptors
5. Photoreceptors
6. Osmoreceptors

Question 21

What are 2 examples of classification of receptors by structure?

Answer 21

1. Free nerve endings

2. Encapsulated nerve endings

Question 22

Where are exteroceptors located?

Answer 22

On/near body surfaces

Question 23

What is exteroceptors often called?

Answer 23

Cutaneous receptors

Question 24

What are 4 examples of cutaneous receptors?

Answer 24

1. Pressure
2. Touch
3. Pain
4. Temperature

Question 25

Where are interoceptors located?

Answer 25

Internally

- often within body organs/viscera

Question 26

What do visceroceptors provide the body with?

Answer 26

Information about the internal environment

- such as pressure, stretch, chemical changes, hunger and thirst