A&P - Chapter 26 (Part 1)

Question 1

What are 10 components of the endocrine system?

Answer 1

1. Pituitary gland
2. Hypothalamus
3. Pineal gland
4. Thyroid gland
5. Parathyroid gland
6. Adrenal glands
7. Pancreas
8. Gonads
   - testes
   - ovaries
9. Placenta
   - temporary
10. Thymus

Question 2

What was the pituitary gland formally called?

Answer 2

They hypothalamus

Question 3

Pituitary gland

Answer 3

Is a powerful, pea size gland

Question 4

What does the pituitary gland do?

Answer 4

Produces or stores the greatest variety of hormones

Question 5

How is the pituitary gland attached to the hypothalamus?

Answer 5

By the infundibulum

Question 6

What are the 2 glands that make up the pituitary gland?

Answer 6

1. Anterior pituitary gland

2. Posterior pituitary gland

Question 7

What is another name for the anterior pituitary gland?

Answer 7

Adenohypophysis

Question 8

What is another name for the posterior pituitary gland?

Answer 8

Neurohypophysis

Question 9

What does the anterior pituitary develop from?

Answer 9

From an upwards projection of the pharynx

Question 10

What does the posterior pituitary develop from?

Answer 10

From a downwards projection of the brain

Question 11

How is the anterior pituitary gland historically referred to as?

Answer 11

The master gland

Question 12

Why do they call the anterior pituitary gland the master gland?

Answer 12

Due to the critical functions of its hormones

Question 13

What are the major hormones that the anterior pituitary gland function with? (6)

Answer 13

1. Growth hormone
   - GH
2. Prolactin hormone
   - PH
3. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
   - TSH
4. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
   - ACTH
5. Follicle-stimulating hormone
   - FSH
6. Luteinizing hormone
   - LH

Question 14

What effect do tropic hormones have?

Answer 14

A stimulating effect on their endocrine glands

Question 15

What are 4 examples of tropic hormones?

Answer 15

1. TSH
2. ACTH
3. FSH
4. LH

Question 16

What is another word for growth hormone?

Answer 16

Somatotropin

- STH

Question 17

What does GH promote?

Answer 17

Growth by stimulating liver and other tissues

Question 18

What hormone does GH produce?

Answer 18

Insulin like growth factor

- IGF-1

Question 19

What does IGF-1 do?

Answer 19

It accelerates the amino acid transport into cells

• which increases protein synthesis
• which increases growth (bone, muscle, tissue)

Question 20

What does IGF-1 stimulate?

Answer 20

Fat metabolism

- mobilizes stored lipids in adipose cells and speeds yo liquid metabolism after lipids have entered another cell

Question 21

How do IGF-1 get there energy?

Answer 21

Through gluconeogenesis

- lipid catabolism

Question 22

How is fat used for energy?

Answer 22

It increase blood glucose

Question 23

What is GH to insulin?

Answer 23

An antagonist

- assisting in homeostasis of blood glucose levels

Question 24

What is prolactin also called?

Answer 24

Lactogenic hormone

Question 25

What does prolactin stimulate? (2)

Answer 25

1. Breast development during pregnancy

2. Secretion of breast milk after the delivery of the baby