A&P - Chapter 26 (Part 1) Flashcards
What are 10 components of the endocrine system?
- Pituitary gland
- Hypothalamus
- Pineal gland
- Thyroid gland
- Parathyroid gland
- Adrenal glands
- Pancreas
- Gonads
- testes
- ovaries - Placenta
- temporary - Thymus
What was the pituitary gland formally called?
They hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Is a powerful, pea size gland
What does the pituitary gland do?
Produces or stores the greatest variety of hormones
How is the pituitary gland attached to the hypothalamus?
By the infundibulum
What are the 2 glands that make up the pituitary gland?
- Anterior pituitary gland
2. Posterior pituitary gland
What is another name for the anterior pituitary gland?
Adenohypophysis
What is another name for the posterior pituitary gland?
Neurohypophysis
What does the anterior pituitary develop from?
From an upwards projection of the pharynx
What does the posterior pituitary develop from?
From a downwards projection of the brain
How is the anterior pituitary gland historically referred to as?
The master gland
Why do they call the anterior pituitary gland the master gland?
Due to the critical functions of its hormones
What are the major hormones that the anterior pituitary gland function with? (6)
- Growth hormone
- GH - Prolactin hormone
- PH - Thyroid-stimulating hormone
- TSH - Adrenocorticotropic hormone
- ACTH - Follicle-stimulating hormone
- FSH - Luteinizing hormone
- LH
What effect do tropic hormones have?
A stimulating effect on their endocrine glands
What are 4 examples of tropic hormones?
- TSH
- ACTH
- FSH
- LH
What is another word for growth hormone?
Somatotropin
- STH
What does GH promote?
Growth by stimulating liver and other tissues
What hormone does GH produce?
Insulin like growth factor
- IGF-1
What does IGF-1 do?
It accelerates the amino acid transport into cells
- which increases protein synthesis
- which increases growth (bone, muscle, tissue)
What does IGF-1 stimulate?
Fat metabolism
- mobilizes stored lipids in adipose cells and speeds yo liquid metabolism after lipids have entered another cell
How do IGF-1 get there energy?
Through gluconeogenesis
- lipid catabolism
How is fat used for energy?
It increase blood glucose
What is GH to insulin?
An antagonist
- assisting in homeostasis of blood glucose levels
What is prolactin also called?
Lactogenic hormone
What does prolactin stimulate? (2)
- Breast development during pregnancy
2. Secretion of breast milk after the delivery of the baby
