A&P - Chapter 4 (Part 2)

Question 1

What are the most abundant organic compounds?

Answer 1

Proteins

Question 2

Proteins

Answer 2

Very large molecules made up of amino acids

Question 3

How many amino acids make up the human body?

Answer 3

21

Question 4

How many essential amino acids are there?

Answer 4

8

Question 5

What are amino acids help together by?

Answer 5

Peptide bonds

Question 6

What elements do proteins contain? (4)

Answer 6

1. Carbon
2. Hydrogen
3. Oxygen
4. Nitrogen

Question 7

What does the complex 3D shape determine?

Answer 7

Its role

Question 8

What 2 types of proteins are there?

Answer 8

1. Structural

2. Functional

Question 9

What do structural proteins do?

Answer 9

They form the structures of the body

Question 10

Collagen

Answer 10

Is a fibrous protein that holds many tissues together

- reinforces it

Question 11

What does keratin form?

Answer 11

Forms tough waterproof fibres in the outer layer of the skin

Question 12

What do functional proteins do?

Answer 12

They participate in the bodies chemical reactions and processes

Question 13

What are 4 examples of functional proteins?

Answer 13

1. Hormones
2. Cell membrane channels
3. Cell membrane receptors
4. Enzymes

Question 14

Immunoglobulin

Answer 14

Plasma protein produced by certain white blood cells to combat abnormal or unwanted particles in the body

Question 15

Troponin

Answer 15

Triggers contractions of muscle fibres

Question 16

Chymotrypsin

Answer 16

Pancreatic enzymes that digests proteins in the digestive tract

Question 17

DNA polymerase

Answer 17

Enzyme in cells that allows the assembly of DNA strands

Question 18

What do all reactions in the body depend on?

Answer 18

Enzymes

Question 19

Enzymes

Answer 19

Chemical catalysts that help chemical reactions occur / speed up

Question 20

What do enzymes have for proper action? (2)

Answer 20

1. Optimal temperature

2. Optimal pH

Question 21

Lock and key model

Answer 21

Each enzyme fits a particular molecule that it acts on, in the same way as only one key fits a lock

Question 22

What are nucleic acids an important part of? (2)

Answer 22

1. DNA

2. RNA

Question 23

Nucleic acids

Answer 23

Are the building blocks for nucleotides which help create chains of DNA and RNA

Question 24

What are nucleic acids made up of?

Answer 24

Nucleotides

Question 25

What 3 components make up a nucleotide?

Answer 25

1. Sugar
   - ribose or deoxyribose
2. Phosphate
3. Nitrogen base

Question 26

What are the 4 nitrogen bases?

Answer 26

1. Adenine (A)
2. Thymine (T)/Uracil (U)
3. Guanine (G)
4. Cytosine (C)

Question 27

When is thymine used?

Answer 27

When dealing with DNA

Question 28

When is Uracil used?

Answer 28

When dealing with RNA

Question 29

What does adenine pair up with? (2)

Answer 29

1. Thymine
   - when dealing with DNA
2. Uracil
   - when dealing with RNA

Question 30

What does guanine pair up with?

Answer 30

Cytosine

Question 31

What destroys enzymes?

Answer 31

High heat

Question 32

What are enzymes a type of?

Answer 32

Protein