A&P - Chapter 11 (Part 6)

Question 1

What is fracture/healing bone tissue repair initiated by? (2)

Answer 1

1. Bone death

2. Damaged to bone related blood vessels

Question 2

What do fractures do?

Answer 2

Tear and destroy blood vessels that nourish osteons

Question 3

What is virtually impossible to detect in children and young adults?

Answer 3

A fracture 6 months after it happened

Question 4

What 2 things compromise bone repair?

Answer 4

1. Age

2. Certain diseases

Question 5

What are 4 diseases that can compromise bone repair?

Answer 5

1. Osteoporosis
2. Diabetes
3. Infections
4. Circulation issues

Question 6

What do you have to do to fractures before you put them back together?

Answer 6

Clean the bone

- allows for a better fit

Question 7

Osteoporosis

Answer 7

Is a disease that lacks Ca and results in weak/soft bones

Question 8

What do fractures typically cause?

Answer 8

Bleeding

- with blood pooling at the sites of the fracture

Question 9

Fracture hematoma

Answer 9

When a blood clot forms

Question 10

What does fracture hematoma develop?

Answer 10

Granulation tissue

- which contains all the elements to repair the fracture

Question 11

What is the nose made up of? (2)

Answer 11

1. Bone

2. Cartilage

Question 12

What do matrix do?

Answer 12

It is a gel like substance and its supported by collagenous fibres to give cartilage flexibility
- firm plastic/rubber

Question 13

What is the structure of cartilage?

Answer 13

Rubberlike

- strong yet pliable

Question 14

What is the function of cartilage? (3)

Answer 14

1. Support
2. Shock absorber
3. Long bone growth

Question 15

What does cartilage not contain?

Answer 15

Blood vessels

Question 16

How does nutrients get through cartilage?

Answer 16

Diffusion through the matrix to reach the cells

Question 17

Is cartilage slow to repair?

Answer 17

Yes

- no blood vessels

Question 18

What are 3 types of cartilage?

Answer 18

1. Hyaline
2. Elastic
3. Fibrocartilage

Question 19

What is the most common type of cartilage?

Answer 19

Hyaline

Question 20

What does hyaline cartilage cover?

Answer 20

Surfaces of articulating bones

Question 21

What does hyaline cartilage form? (4)

Answer 21

1. Coastal cartilage
2. Rings of trachea
3. Bronchi
4. Tip of nose

Question 22

What does elastic cartilage give form to? (3)

Answer 22

1. External ear
2. Epiglottis
3. Eustachian/auditory tube
   - connects middle ear to nasal cavity

Question 23

What are 2 characteristics of fibrocartilage?

Answer 23

1. Strong

2. Rigid

Question 24

Where would you find fibrocartilage? (3)

Answer 24

1. Pubic symphysis
2. Intervertebral dics
3. Where large tendons join bones

Question 25

What are cells of bone called?

Answer 25

Osterocytes

- in lacunae

Question 26

What is the matrix in bone? (2)

Answer 26

1. Calcified

2. Hard

Question 27

Are there blood vessels in bone?

Answer 27

Yes

Question 28

What are the cells of cartilage called?

Answer 28

Chrondrocytes

- in lacunae

Question 29

What is the matrix in cartilage? (2)

Answer 29

1. Gel like

2. Rubbery

Question 30

Are there blood vessels in cartilage?

Answer 30

No

Question 31

When is the skeleton fully ossified?

Answer 31

By mid 20s

- soft tissue may still grow

Question 32

What does exercise lead to in bones?

Answer 32

Increased density and strength

Question 33

What leads to decreased density and strength in bones? (3)

Answer 33

1. Pregnancy
2. Nutritional deficiencies
3. Illness

Question 34

What happens to bone when you get older?

Answer 34

Becomes more weak

- hard bone matrix replaced by softer connective tissue

Question 35

What can counteract degeneration as you increase in age?

Answer 35

Exercise