A&P - Chapter 11 (Part 6) Flashcards
What is fracture/healing bone tissue repair initiated by? (2)
- Bone death
2. Damaged to bone related blood vessels
What do fractures do?
Tear and destroy blood vessels that nourish osteons
What is virtually impossible to detect in children and young adults?
A fracture 6 months after it happened
What 2 things compromise bone repair?
- Age
2. Certain diseases
What are 4 diseases that can compromise bone repair?
- Osteoporosis
- Diabetes
- Infections
- Circulation issues
What do you have to do to fractures before you put them back together?
Clean the bone
- allows for a better fit
Osteoporosis
Is a disease that lacks Ca and results in weak/soft bones
What do fractures typically cause?
Bleeding
- with blood pooling at the sites of the fracture
Fracture hematoma
When a blood clot forms
What does fracture hematoma develop?
Granulation tissue
- which contains all the elements to repair the fracture
What is the nose made up of? (2)
- Bone
2. Cartilage
What do matrix do?
It is a gel like substance and its supported by collagenous fibres to give cartilage flexibility
- firm plastic/rubber
What is the structure of cartilage?
Rubberlike
- strong yet pliable
What is the function of cartilage? (3)
- Support
- Shock absorber
- Long bone growth
What does cartilage not contain?
Blood vessels
How does nutrients get through cartilage?
Diffusion through the matrix to reach the cells
Is cartilage slow to repair?
Yes
- no blood vessels
What are 3 types of cartilage?
- Hyaline
- Elastic
- Fibrocartilage
What is the most common type of cartilage?
Hyaline
What does hyaline cartilage cover?
Surfaces of articulating bones
What does hyaline cartilage form? (4)
- Coastal cartilage
- Rings of trachea
- Bronchi
- Tip of nose
What does elastic cartilage give form to? (3)
- External ear
- Epiglottis
- Eustachian/auditory tube
- connects middle ear to nasal cavity
What are 2 characteristics of fibrocartilage?
- Strong
2. Rigid
Where would you find fibrocartilage? (3)
- Pubic symphysis
- Intervertebral dics
- Where large tendons join bones
What are cells of bone called?
Osterocytes
- in lacunae
What is the matrix in bone? (2)
- Calcified
2. Hard
Are there blood vessels in bone?
Yes
What are the cells of cartilage called?
Chrondrocytes
- in lacunae
What is the matrix in cartilage? (2)
- Gel like
2. Rubbery
Are there blood vessels in cartilage?
No
When is the skeleton fully ossified?
By mid 20s
- soft tissue may still grow
What does exercise lead to in bones?
Increased density and strength
What leads to decreased density and strength in bones? (3)
- Pregnancy
- Nutritional deficiencies
- Illness
What happens to bone when you get older?
Becomes more weak
- hard bone matrix replaced by softer connective tissue
What can counteract degeneration as you increase in age?
Exercise
