A&P - Chapter 28 (Part 1)

Question 1

Where is the heart located?

Answer 1

In the mediastinum

- just off to the left

Question 2

Where does the apex of the heart lie? (2)

Answer 2

1. On the diaphragm

2. Just below the 2nd rib

Question 3

What does the position of the heart allow?

Answer 3

CPR

- between the sternum and the thoracic vertebrae

Question 4

What is the rough size of the heart?

Answer 4

Same size as your fist

Question 5

What is the heart covered by?

Answer 5

Pericardium

Question 6

Pericardium

Answer 6

Loose fitting sac

Question 7

What are the 2 parts that make up the pericardium?

Answer 7

1. Fibrous portion

2. Serous portion

Question 8

Fibrous portion

Answer 8

Tough, loose fitting inextensible sac

Question 9

What does the fibrous portion attach to?

Answer 9

The larger blood vessels that leave the top of the heart

Question 10

What 2 layers does the serous portion have?

Answer 10

1. Parietal layer

2. Visceral layer

Question 11

Parietal layer

Answer 11

Lies the inside of the fibrous pericardium

- lines the wall

Question 12

Visceral layer

Answer 12

Adheres to the outside of the heart

- lines the organ

Question 13

What does the serous portion allow?

Answer 13

Lubrication so it decreases friction

Question 14

Epicardium

Answer 14

Visceral layer of the serous portion of the pericardium

Question 15

Myocardium

Answer 15

Cardiac muscle tissue that makes up the bulk of the heart wall/chamber

Question 16

Synctium

Answer 16

Intercalated discs functional unit

- joined cells

Question 17

Endocardium

Answer 17

Thin layer of very smooth tissue that lines the inside of each heart chamber as well as the blood vessels

Question 18

How many chambers make up the heart?

Answer 18

4

• 2 atria
• 2 ventricles

Question 19

What divides the 2 atria?

Answer 19

Interatrial septum

Question 20

What kind of pressure is in the atrium?

Answer 20

Low pressure

Question 21

Where does blood return to?

Answer 21

The atriums via the veins

Question 22

What kind of walls make up the arterial chambers?

Answer 22

Smaller and thinner compared to the ventricles

Question 23

What divides the 2 ventricles?

Answer 23

Interventricular septum

Question 24

What are the ventricles known as?

Answer 24

The pumping chambers

Question 25

Where does the blood leave the heart?

Answer 25

Via the ventricles

Question 26

Why do the ventricles have thicker walls?

Answer 26

Because they pump blood to the rest of the body

Question 27

Systole

Answer 27

Contraction of the heart

Question 28

Diastole

Answer 28

Relaxation of the heart

Question 29

What is the direction of the blood controlled by?

Answer 29

Valves