A&P - Chapter 6 (Part 1) Flashcards
What are cells that specialize are called?
Stem cells
What does every cell do?
Performs a function that contributes to our life and survival
What makes up the survival of species?
Reproduction of individual cells
Why does the heart muscles contain lots of mitochondria?
In order to supply the great amount of energy the heart requires
Why do sperm cells have a flagellum?
For mobility, in order to increase the chances of fertilization of eggs
What is an important role of the plasma membrane?
Control movement or transportation of substances in and out of the cells
What are 5 examples of things that can get moved over the plasma membrane?
- Water
- Oxygen
- Nutrients
- Gases
- Waste
What are the 2 methods of transportation?
- Passive
2. Active
Passive transport process
Does not require energy expenditure of the cell membrane
What is the movement of passive transport?
Down the concentration gradient
What are 5 types of passive transport?
- Simple diffusion
- Osmosis
- Dialysis
- Facilitated diffusion
- Filtration
What are the 2 types of facilitated diffusion?
- Channel mediated passive transport
2. Carrier mediated passive transport
Simple diffusion
Molecules that move and spread out evenly throughout an available space
- can pass through membranes
What direction does simple diffusion go?
Area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
- down concentration gradient
Solute
A dissolved substance
Where does simple diffusion occur?
Through a permeable phospholipid lilayer
Permeant
Molecules that are able to diffuse through the membrane
Impermeant
Molecules that are unable to diffuse through the membrane
What can pass the membrane with simple diffusion?
Small things
Osmosis
Diffusion whereby water passes through a selectively permeable membrane while one or more other solutes cannot
Is water permeant?
Yes
What happens when you add water in closed spaces (such as a cell)?
Increase the pressure
Osmotic pressure
Water pressure that develops in a solution as a result of osmosis
Where does osmotic pressure develop?
In the solution that originally had the highest concentration of impermeant solute
What kind of foods should you eat if you have high blood pressure?
Salty ones
Why should you give someone salty food if that faint?
Because salt attracts water faster than sugar (because it is a carbohydrate) and will lead to faster absorption
What are 3 types of osmosis?
- Isotonic
- Hypotonic
- Hypertonic
Isotonic
Water concentration is the same inside and outside the cell
What is the net movement of isotonic solutions?
There is no net movement
Hypotonic
Higher concentration of water outside the cell
Where does water move in a hypotonic solution?
Water moves into the cell
- hemolysis (cytolysis)
- making the cell bigger (burst)
Hypertonic solution
Lower concentration of water outside the cell
Where does water move in a hypertonic solution?
Water moves out of the cell
- crenation (abnormal notches)
- makes the cell smaller (shrinks)
What is an example of hypertonic?
Sweating
