A&P - Chapter 20 (Part 3)

Question 1

What are interneurons?

Answer 1

Central neruons

Question 2

Were are interneruons sometimes located?

Answer 2

Between sensory and motor neurons

Question 3

Where can you only find internerons?

Answer 3

In the spinal cords gray matter

Question 4

What is gray matter made predominantly up of? (2)

Answer 4

1. Unmyelinated cell bodies of interneurons

2. Motor neurons

Question 5

What forms when dorsal and ventral roots join?

Answer 5

Spinal nerves

Question 6

What does white matter surround?

Answer 6

Gray matter

Question 7

What is white matter subdivided into?

Answer 7

Half of the spinal cord into three areas called funiculi

Question 8

What are the 3 parts of the funiculi?

Answer 8

1. Anterior white column
2. Posterior white column
3. Lateral white column

Question 9

What does each white column consist of?

Answer 9

Large bundles of axons divided into spinal tracts

Question 10

What is the spinal cord a centre for thousands of?

Answer 10

Spinal cord reflexes

Question 11

Which way are sensory tracts?

Answer 11

Ascending tracts

Question 12

What do sensory tracts conduct?

Answer 12

Impulses from sensory neurons/receptors up to the brain

Question 13

Which way are motor tracts?

Answer 13

Descending tracts

Question 14

What do motor tracts conduct?

Answer 14

Impulses from the brain down to motor neurons/effectors

Question 15

What are 2 examples of spinal cord injuries?

Answer 15

1. Anethesia

2. Paralysis

Question 16

What do the tracts of the spinal cord provide?

Answer 16

Conduction routes to ascending tracts and from descending tracts of the brain

Question 17

What are 2 types of organizations for tracts?

Answer 17

1. Structural

2. Functional

Question 18

Structural organization

Answer 18

All axons of any one tract originate in the same structure and terminate in the same structure

Question 19

Functional organization

Answer 19

All axons that compose one tract serve one general function

Question 20

What is ONE of the largest organs in the body?

Answer 20

The brain

Question 21

How many neurons are contained in the brain?

Answer 21

Almost 100 billion neurons

Question 22

When are most neurons produced?

Answer 22

Before and shortly after birth

Question 23

What happens to synapses throughout our life?

Answer 23

They are made and broken

Question 24

What is the last neuron to develop?

Answer 24

The neuron that controls your bladder

Question 25

Why do your synapses form and break?

Answer 25

In order to create better fine motor development skills

-eg. improve hand writing

Question 26

What are the 4 main divisions of the brain?

Answer 26

1. Brainstem
2. Cerebellum
3. Diencephalon
4. Cerebrum

Question 27

What are 3 parts that make up the brainstem?

Answer 27

1. Medulla oblongata
2. Pons
3. Midbrain

Question 28

What are 2 parts that make up the diencephalon?

Answer 28

1. Hypothalamus

2. Thalamus

Question 29

Where is the medulla oblongata?

Answer 29

It is the lowest part of the brain stem

- enlarged upward extension of the spinal cord

Question 30

What do the pons connect?

Answer 30

The medulla oblongata with the surface of the cerebrum

Question 31

What do the pons act as?

Answer 31

A bridge

Question 32

What does the midbrain contain?

Answer 32

Cerebral peduncles

Question 33

What do cerebral peduncles conduct?

Answer 33

Impulses between the midbrain and the cerebrum

Question 34

Reticular formation

Answer 34

Scattered bits of gray and white matter that are closely mixed together