A&P - Chapter 11 (Part 4)

Question 1

What are 3 types of bone cells?

Answer 1

1. Osteoblasts
2. Osteoclasts
3. Osteocytes

Question 2

Osteoblasts

Answer 2

Form new bones

Question 3

Osteoclasts

Answer 3

Resorb bone

Question 4

Osteocytes

Answer 4

Mature bone cells

Question 5

Osteo

Answer 5

Bone

Question 6

Blast (3)

Answer 6

1. Immature
2. Building
3. Budding

Question 7

Clast

Answer 7

Breaking

Question 8

Cyte

Answer 8

Cell

Question 9

What happens to bone when you exercise?

Answer 9

The bone is more compacted and sturdy so the muscle can relay on it and get stronger

Question 10

Are bones dead tissue?

Answer 10

No

Question 11

What are bones always doing?

Answer 11

Reproducing

Question 12

Myeloid tissue

Answer 12

Is a type of soft, diffuse connective tissue

Question 13

What is myeloid an example of?

Answer 13

Bone marrow

Question 14

Where is the site for the production of blood cells?

Answer 14

Bone marrow

Question 15

Where is bone marrow found? (2)

Answer 15

1. Medullary cavities of long bones

2. Spaces of spongy bone

Question 16

What are 2 types of marrow during our lifetime?

Answer 16

1. Red marrow

2. Yellow marrow

Question 17

Where is red marrow found?

Answer 17

In virtually all bones in infant’s/child’s body

Question 18

What structures is red marrow found in? (5)

Answer 18

1. Ribs
2. Body of vertebrae
3. End of the humerus
4. Pelvis
5. Femur in adults (ends of long bones)

Question 19

What is the function of red marrow?

Answer 19

To produce red blood cells

Question 20

Where do you find yellow marrow?

Answer 20

In adults

- as you age, red marrow is replaced with yellow marrow

Question 21

What happens when marrow is saturated with fat?

Answer 21

It no longer can be active in blood cell production

Question 22

When can yellow marrow change to red marrow?

Answer 22

In times of decreased blood supply

Question 23

What are 3 examples of decrease blood supply?

Answer 23

1. Anemia
2. Radiation exposure
3. Certain diseases

Question 24

What is homeostasis of Ca concentration essential for? (4)

Answer 24

1. Bone formation, remodelling and repair
2. Blood clotting
3. Nerve impulse transmission
4. Skeletal and cardia muscle concentrations

Question 25

What hormones does the mechanisms of Ca homeostasis involved? (4)

Answer 25

1. Calcitonin*
2. Parathyroid*
3. Growth hormone
4. Serotonin

Question 26

What happens when there is low levels of blood Ca? (4)

Answer 26

1. Parathyroid hormone secretion increases
2. Causing an increase of breakdown of bone matrix
3. Allowing Ca levels to increase
4. Leading to normal Ca levels in the blood

Question 27

What happens when there is high levels of blood Ca (4)

Answer 27

1. Calcitonin secretions from the thyroid increase
2. Causing a decrease of breakdown of bone matrix
3. Allowing Ca levels to decrease
4. Leading to normal Ca levels in the blood

Question 28

What 2 cells types does the process of remodelling require?

Answer 28

1. Osteoblasts
   - new bone
2. Osteoclasts
   - reabsorb bone

Question 29

What is regulation of Ca important for?

Answer 29

Contraction of muscles

Question 30

What happens to your heart if you have too much Ca?

Answer 30

It beats really fast

Question 31

What happens to your heart if you dont have any Ca?

Answer 31

It will stop beating