A&P - Chapter 11 (Part 4) Flashcards
What are 3 types of bone cells?
- Osteoblasts
- Osteoclasts
- Osteocytes
Osteoblasts
Form new bones
Osteoclasts
Resorb bone
Osteocytes
Mature bone cells
Osteo
Bone
Blast (3)
- Immature
- Building
- Budding
Clast
Breaking
Cyte
Cell
What happens to bone when you exercise?
The bone is more compacted and sturdy so the muscle can relay on it and get stronger
Are bones dead tissue?
No
What are bones always doing?
Reproducing
Myeloid tissue
Is a type of soft, diffuse connective tissue
What is myeloid an example of?
Bone marrow
Where is the site for the production of blood cells?
Bone marrow
Where is bone marrow found? (2)
- Medullary cavities of long bones
2. Spaces of spongy bone
What are 2 types of marrow during our lifetime?
- Red marrow
2. Yellow marrow
Where is red marrow found?
In virtually all bones in infant’s/child’s body
What structures is red marrow found in? (5)
- Ribs
- Body of vertebrae
- End of the humerus
- Pelvis
- Femur in adults (ends of long bones)
What is the function of red marrow?
To produce red blood cells
Where do you find yellow marrow?
In adults
- as you age, red marrow is replaced with yellow marrow
What happens when marrow is saturated with fat?
It no longer can be active in blood cell production
When can yellow marrow change to red marrow?
In times of decreased blood supply
What are 3 examples of decrease blood supply?
- Anemia
- Radiation exposure
- Certain diseases
What is homeostasis of Ca concentration essential for? (4)
- Bone formation, remodelling and repair
- Blood clotting
- Nerve impulse transmission
- Skeletal and cardia muscle concentrations
What hormones does the mechanisms of Ca homeostasis involved? (4)
- Calcitonin*
- Parathyroid*
- Growth hormone
- Serotonin
What happens when there is low levels of blood Ca? (4)
- Parathyroid hormone secretion increases
- Causing an increase of breakdown of bone matrix
- Allowing Ca levels to increase
- Leading to normal Ca levels in the blood
What happens when there is high levels of blood Ca (4)
- Calcitonin secretions from the thyroid increase
- Causing a decrease of breakdown of bone matrix
- Allowing Ca levels to decrease
- Leading to normal Ca levels in the blood
What 2 cells types does the process of remodelling require?
- Osteoblasts
- new bone - Osteoclasts
- reabsorb bone
What is regulation of Ca important for?
Contraction of muscles
What happens to your heart if you have too much Ca?
It beats really fast
What happens to your heart if you dont have any Ca?
It will stop beating
