A&P - Chapter 26 (Part 4)

Question 1

Which thyroid gland hormone is more abundant? How much more?

Answer 1

1. T4
2. 20x more abundant
   - but not as potent

Question 2

What does T4 contain?

Answer 2

4 iodine atoms

Question 3

What is the main role of T4?

Answer 3

That it is the precursor to T3

Question 4

How must adequate amounts of T4 be produced?

Answer 4

Your diet must contain sufficient iodine

Question 5

Which thyroid hormone is most potent?

Answer 5

T3

Question 6

What is T3 considered to be?

Answer 6

The principle thyroid hormone

Question 7

What does it mean when you have Goiter?

Answer 7

An enlarged thyroid

Question 8

How do you get Goiter?

Answer 8

It is due to lack of iodine in the diet and they thyroid cant produce enough T3 and T4

Question 9

What does Goiter lead to?

Answer 9

An increased amount of TSH being released

- makes more hypothyroidism

Question 10

What is another word for hyperthyroidism?

Answer 10

Graves disease

Question 11

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 11

Increased levels of thyroid hormones

Question 12

What type of disease is Graves disease?

Answer 12

Autoimmune disease

Question 13

Graves disease

Answer 13

The immune system attacks the thyroid causing it to over produce hormones and the tissues around the eyes

• may be affected by the excess hormones
• autoimmune disease

Question 14

What does calcitonin do? (2)

Answer 14

1. Decrease the blood calcium concentration by increasing osteoblast activity and inhibiting osteoclast activity
2. Maintains homeostasis of blood calcium by preventing hypercalcemia

Question 15

Where is the parathyroid gland located?

Answer 15

4 or 5 glands found on the back of the thyroid

Question 16

What does the parathyroid hormone do (PTH)?

Answer 16

It increases blood calcium concentration by increasing the breakdown of bone and releases the calcium into the blood

Question 17

What kind of effect does PTH compared to calcitonin?

Answer 17

An opposite effect

Question 18

Where are adrenal glands located?

Answer 18

On top of the kidneys

Question 19

What 2 glands make up the adrenal glands?

Answer 19

1. Adrenal cortex
   - outer part
2. Adrenal medulla
   - inner part

Question 20

What is the adrenal cortex composed of?

Answer 20

Endocrine tissue

Question 21

What does the adrenal cortex do?

Answer 21

Secretes corticoids

Question 22

What is the adrenal medulla composed of?

Answer 22

Neurosecretory tissue

Question 23

What does the adrenal medulla do?

Answer 23

Secretes stress hormones

Question 24

What stress hormones does the adrenal medulla secrete? (2)

Answer 24

1. Adrenaline

2. Noradrenaline

Question 25

What do all the layers of the adrenal cortex do?

Answer 25

They secretes hormones

Question 26

What are all steroids known as?

Answer 26

Corticosteroids

Question 27

What does the outer layer secrete?

Answer 27

Mineralocorticoids

Question 28

What does the middle layer secrete?

Answer 28

Glucocorticoids

Question 29

What does the inner layer secrete?

Answer 29

Gonadocorticoids