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Anatomy & Physiology > A&P - Chapter 5 (Part 1) > Flashcards

A&P - Chapter 5 (Part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the smallest structural and function unit of all living things?

A

The atom

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2
Q

Cells are all what? (3)

A
  1. Variable in size
  2. Microscopic
  3. Variable in shape
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3
Q

What are the 3 main parts of the cell?

A
  1. Plasma membrane
  2. Cytoplasm
  3. Nucleus
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4
Q

What does the plasma membrane do? (2)

A
  1. Encloses cytoplasm

2. Forms outer boundary of cell

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5
Q

How many layers are in the plasma membrane?

A

2

- double phospholipid layers

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6
Q

Is the plasma membrane selectively permeable?

A

Yes

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7
Q

What is located on the surface of the plasma membrane?

A

Specialized proteins called integral membrane proteins

- IMPs

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8
Q

What do integral membrane proteins do? (4)

A
  1. Communicate
  2. Control
  3. Receptors
  4. Identifiers
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9
Q

Where do you find integrated membrane proteins?

A

Embedded in the cell membrane

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10
Q

What are 4 structural forms of integrated membrane proteins?

A
  1. Transport
  2. Identification
  3. Signalling
  4. Connection
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11
Q

IMP transport

A

Some IMPs control what enters/exits the cells

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12
Q

What does IMP transport act as?

A

A channel

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13
Q

IMP identification

A

Glycoproteins flag cells as self and non-self

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14
Q

What 2 things make up glycoproteins?

A
  1. IMPs

2. Carbohydrates

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15
Q

What are self proteins?

A

Proteins that the body recognizes

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16
Q

What are non-self proteins?

A

Proteins that the body does not recognize

- wants to fight and get rid of

17
Q

IMPs signalling

A

Some IMPs act as receptors for hormones and other regulatory chemicals

18
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Internal living jelly like substance of cells

19
Q

Where is the cytoplasm located?

A

Between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

20
Q

What does the cytoplasm contain? (2)

A
  1. Cytosol

2. Numerous organelles

21
Q

Cytosol

A

Intracellular fluid

22
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Is a network of connecting membranous walled sacs and canals
- packing system

23
Q

What does the ER do?

A

Transports proteins

24
Q

What does the ER transport proteins through?

A

The cytoplasm

25
Q

What are the 2 types of ER?

A
  1. Rough

2. Smooth

26
Q

What does the rough ER have?

A

Ribosomes attached onto it

27
Q

When are the ribosomes attached to the rER?

A

During protein synthesis

28
Q

What does the smooth ER have?

A

No ribosomes attached onto it

29
Q

What does the smooth ER synthesize? (2)

A
  1. Lipids

2. Carbohydrates

30
Q

What does the smooth ER do with calcium? (2)

A
  1. Removes Ca

2. Stores Ca from inside the cell

Anatomy & Physiology (123 decks)

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