A&P - Chapter 5 (Part 1) Flashcards
What is the smallest structural and function unit of all living things?
The atom
Cells are all what? (3)
- Variable in size
- Microscopic
- Variable in shape
What are the 3 main parts of the cell?
- Plasma membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
What does the plasma membrane do? (2)
- Encloses cytoplasm
2. Forms outer boundary of cell
How many layers are in the plasma membrane?
2
- double phospholipid layers
Is the plasma membrane selectively permeable?
Yes
What is located on the surface of the plasma membrane?
Specialized proteins called integral membrane proteins
- IMPs
What do integral membrane proteins do? (4)
- Communicate
- Control
- Receptors
- Identifiers
Where do you find integrated membrane proteins?
Embedded in the cell membrane
What are 4 structural forms of integrated membrane proteins?
- Transport
- Identification
- Signalling
- Connection
IMP transport
Some IMPs control what enters/exits the cells
What does IMP transport act as?
A channel
IMP identification
Glycoproteins flag cells as self and non-self
What 2 things make up glycoproteins?
- IMPs
2. Carbohydrates
What are self proteins?
Proteins that the body recognizes
What are non-self proteins?
Proteins that the body does not recognize
- wants to fight and get rid of
IMPs signalling
Some IMPs act as receptors for hormones and other regulatory chemicals
Cytoplasm
Internal living jelly like substance of cells
Where is the cytoplasm located?
Between the plasma membrane and the nucleus
What does the cytoplasm contain? (2)
- Cytosol
2. Numerous organelles
Cytosol
Intracellular fluid
Endoplasmic reticulum
Is a network of connecting membranous walled sacs and canals
- packing system
What does the ER do?
Transports proteins
What does the ER transport proteins through?
The cytoplasm
What are the 2 types of ER?
- Rough
2. Smooth
What does the rough ER have?
Ribosomes attached onto it
When are the ribosomes attached to the rER?
During protein synthesis
What does the smooth ER have?
No ribosomes attached onto it
What does the smooth ER synthesize? (2)
- Lipids
2. Carbohydrates
What does the smooth ER do with calcium? (2)
- Removes Ca
2. Stores Ca from inside the cell
