A&P - Chapter 26 (Part 5) Flashcards
What do mineralcorticoids (MCs) do?
Help to control the amount of certain mineral salts/electrolytes in the blood
- mainly sodium
What does aldosterone target?
Kidneys
What is the main MC?
Aldosterone
What does aldosterone do?
It increases the amount of sodium ions and decreases the amount of potassium ions or hydrogen ions in the blood
How does aldosterone influence kidney tubules? (2)
- It increases reabsorption of sodium ions back into the blood
- Increase their secretion of potassium/hydrogen ions into the urine
What is the net effect of aldosterone?
It speeds up the kidney reabsorption of water
What do glucocorticoids help do?
Maintain normal blood glucose concentration by increasing gluconeogenesis of liver cells
- cells shift from carbohydrates to protein and lipid catabolism for engery
Gluco
Sugar
Neo
New
Genesis
Creation of/origin of
What do GCs play an important part of?
In maintaining normal blood pressure
- make it possible for other hormones to maintain normal degree of vasoconstriction
What do GCs act with?
Epinephrine
When GCs act with epinephrine what do they produce?
An anti-inflammatory effect to bring about normally recovery from inflammation of various kinds
When do secretions of GC increase?
During stressful conditions
- activates stress responses
What is the stress hormone?
Cortisol
What is the main glucocorticoid?
Cortisol
Androgens
Male sex hormones
- similar to testosterone
Where is gonadocorticoids secreted?
In both male and females
- in small amount
What do gonadocorticoids contribute to?
The onset of puberty in both genders
How does gonadocorticoids affect females? (2)
- Stimulates female sexual drive
2. Body hair
How does gonadocorticoids affect males?
Physiologically insignificant as they are overshadowed by the production of testosterone by the testes
What hormones are found in the adrenal medulla? (2)
- Epinephrine
- 80% - Norepinephrine
What do adrenal medulla hormones do?
They help the body resist stress by intensifying and prolonging the effects of sympathetic NS stimulation
Are adrenal medulla hormones fast acting or slow acting?
Fast acting
What kind of tissue is the adrenal medulla?
Neurosecretory tissue
What is neurosecretory tissue composed of?
Neurons that secrete their products into the blood
- fast acting
What are 2 pathways of stress responses?
- Stress –> hypothalamus –> Anterior pituitary gland –> ACTH –> arenal cortex –> glucocorticoids
- Stress –> hypothalamus –> sympathetic nervous system –> adrenal medulla –> hormones
How many types of endocrine cells do pancreatic islets contain?
5
What do alpha cells secrete?
Glucagon
What do beta cells secrete?
Insulin
