Spain I Flashcards
Summarize what is important about Marqués de MurrietaandMarqués de Riscal?
- The first bodegas to establish Rioja (1852 -1858)
- Both Bordeaux-trained
- Sought Rioja because of the outbreak of Phylloxera in France (1850s and 1860s)
- Introduced barrique aging and estate bottling
What was the first DOCa
Rioja (1991)
What is American oak known as in Spain
Quercas Alba
Name (4) bodegas that established themselves in the later half of the 19th century :
Berceo (1801), López de Heredia (1877), La Rioja Alta (1890), CVNE (1879)
What is the Consejos Reguladores
(1) Supervisory Councils (guardians of the quality of Spanish wines)
(2) Founded in the 1930s
What is Miguel Torres known for in Spain (1960s)
(1) Temp. controlled fermentations
(2) Stainless steel
What are the (2) highest tiers of quality wine in Spain
(1) Denominación de Origen
(2) Denominación de Origen Calificada
Are the DO and DOCa tiers equivalent to the EU’s DOP (Protected Designation of Origin) status?
Yes
What is VCIG
Vinos de Calidad con Indicación Geográfica
The VCIG was once considered a steppingstone to DO
Yes
What is VdlT
Vino de la Tierra (equivalent to French Vin de Pay)
What is DO Pago
Vinos de Pago
Is DO Pago appellation superior than the basic DO?
Yes
What are the standard Crianza, Reserva, and Gran Reserva requirements as seen throughout Spain for RED wine
(1) Crianza - 2 yrs (including 6 months in cask)
(2) Reserva - 3 yrs (including 1 year in cask
(3) Gran Reserva - 5 yrs (including 18 months in cask)
What are the standard Crianza, Reserva, and Gran Reserva requirements as seen throughout Spain for WHITE wine
(1) Crianza - 18 months (including 6 months in cask)
(2) Reserva - 2 yrs (including 6 year in cask
(3) Gran Reserva - 4 yrs (including 6 months in cask)
Define Noble, Añejo, and Viejo aging terminology.
(1) Noble - 18 months in cask of less than 600L or bottle
(2) Añejo - 24 months in cask of less than 600L or bottle
(3) Viejo - 36 months aging, marked oxidative character
What are the (3) subzones of Rioja
(1) Rioja Alta (La Rioja)
(2) Rioja Baja (Navarra)
(3) Rioja Alavesa (País Vasco)
What river emerges from the western Cantabrian mountains and flows southeast through Rioja toward the Mediterranean Sea?
Ebro River
What river was Rioja named after?
Oja river (tributary of the Ebro)
What is the mountain range to the northeast of Rioja?
Pyrenees Mountains (divide France and Spain)
What is the mountain range to the northwest of Rioja?
Cantabrian Mountains (highlands in rain shadow)
What are the authorized RED grapes for Rioja?
Tempranillo, Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano, Maturana Tinta
What is a synonym for Graciano?
Carignan
What are the Crianza, Reserva, and Gran Reserva requirements as seen in Rioja for RED wine
(1) Crianza - 2 yrs (minimum 1 year in cask)
(2) Reserva - 3 yrs (including 1 year in cask)
(3) Gran Reserva - 5 yrs (2 years in cask, 3 years in bottle)
What is the primary WHITE grape in Rioja?
Viura
What is a synonym for Viura?
Macabéo
What are the Crianza, Reserva, and Gran Reserva requirements as seen in Rioja for WHITE wine
(1) Crianza - 2 yrs (minimum 6 months in cask)
(2) Reserva - 2 yrs (minimum 6 months in cask)
(3) Gran Reserva - 4 yrs (minimum 6 months in cask)
What are the (3) subzones of Rioja
(1) Rioja Alta - southwestern zone, warmer climate
(2) Rioja Alavesa - smallest, northernmost zone (Basque country)
(3) Rioja Baja (Oriental) - hottest subregion
What are the soil structures of the (3) subzones of Rioja
(1) Rioja Alta - (a.) north, yellow calcareous clay (arcillo-calcareo) /
(b. ) south, reddish, iron-rich clay soils (arcillo-ferroso)
(2) Rioja Alavesa - calcareous clay soils
(3) Rioja Baja - alluvial, silty soils and ferrous clay
Name the (4) vineyards of López de Heredia
(1) Viña Tondonia
(2) Viña Bosconia
(3) Viña Cubillas
(4) Viña Zaconia - Viura, used to make Viña Gravonia wines.
What is the climate of Rioja?
Continental
Where is the Navarra DO located?
Adjacent to the northern and eastern borders of Rioja
Chardonnay is Navarra’s most prominent white variety (T/F)
True
Name the (5) subzones of Navarra
(1) Tierra De Estella (northwest, higher altitude)
(2) Valdizarbe (northcentral, higher altitude)
(3) Baja Montana (northeast, higher altitude)
(4) Ribera Alta (central)
(5) Ribera Baja (hot southern sector)
Name the (4) DOs of Aragón
(1) Somontano (translation: “beneath the mountain”)
(2) Campo de Borja
(3) Cariñena (ancestral home of Carignan/Mazuelo)
(4) Calatayud
What is the climate of Galicia
Maritime climate
Name the (5) DOs of Galicia
(1) Rías Baixas
(2) Ribeiro
(3) Valdeorras
(4) Ribeira Sacra
(5) Monterrei
What are the subzones (5) Rías Baixas?
(1) Val do Salnés (coastal - northwest)
(2) Ribeira do Ulla (northeast)
(3) Soutomaior (central)
(4) O Rosal (coastal - southwest)
(5) Condado do Tea (southeast)
What are the (2) subregions of Rías Baixas that border Portugal?
(1) O Rosal
(2) Condado de Tea
Note: Both of these subzones also border the Miño river
What are the blending grapes used in (1) O Rosal and (2) Condado do Tea
Respectively (1) Loureira or (2) Treixadura
What is Vino Tostado and where is it a local specialty?
(1) Dried grape wine
- min must weight 350g/l
- grapes must dry for 3 mo
- min residual sugar 120 g/l
(2) Ribeiro
Ribeira Sacra translates to what?
Sacred Bank
What are the (5) subzones of Ribeira Sacra
(1) Chantada (west)
(2) Riberas do Miño (central)
(3) Amandi (east central)
(4) Quiroga-Bibei (east)
(5) Riberas do Sil (south)
Ribeira Sacra excels at what white varietal?
Godello
What are the (3) principal DO zones of Basque Country (País Vasco)?
(1) Bizkaiko Txakolina
(2) Arabako Txakolina
(3) Getariako Txakolina
What (2) cities would you find in País Vasco?
(1) Bilboa (Bizkaiko)
2) San Sebastian (Getariako
What are the (2) primary grape varieties you would you find in the País Vasco DOs?
(1) Hondarrabi Zuri (white grape)
2) Hondarrabi Beltza (red grape
What is Ojo de Gallo?
Rosado wine often a blend of Hondarrabi Zuri and Beltza
What is Spain’s largest autonomía?
Castilla y León (Old Castile) - The land of castles
Castilla y León is characterized by what climate?
Continental Climate, slightly moderated by its proximity to the Atlantic and Mediterranean but still subject to extreme highs and lows.
The terrain of Castilla y León consists of the northern part of the Meseta Central—the arid central plateau of Spain—and the mountains that encircle it.
True
What river flows westward through the center of Castilla y León?
Duero River
What are the (9) DOs of Castilla y León?
(1) Ribera del Duero
(2) Rueda
(3) Toro
(4) Tierra del Vino de Zamora
(5) Arribes
(6) Arlanza (directly north of Ribera del Duero)
(7) Cigales (west of Arlanza and Ribera del Duero)
(8) Tierra de León
(9) Bierzo (borders Valdeorras in Galicia)
Name (2) producers from Bierzo DO
(1) Alvaro and Ricardo Palacios - Descendientes de J. Palacios
(2) Raúl Pérez (Ultreia wine series)
Who makes Corullón?
Descendientes de J. Palacios (Alvaro and Ricardo Palacios)
Who is considered the top producer from Ribera del Duero
Vega Silicia
What is Vega Silicia’s benchmark wine
Único (Tempranillo, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Merlot) aged in French and American oak
Name (3) producers in Ribera del Duero
Dominio de Pingus, Aalto, Pesquera
Rueda primary white grape is what?
Verdejo
Who was responsible to rejuvenating Verdejo in Rueda
Marqués de Riscal
You can find varietally labelled Sauvignon Blanc in Rueda (T/F)
Yes
Vega Silicia’s Pintia is produced from what DO?
Toro
What are the three altitude zones of Penedès and what grapes grow or dominate in each zone?
Baix-Penedès
Medio-Penedès
Alt-Penedès
What characteristics does the fruit exhibit from the subzones of Rioja wines?
Alta (structure)
Alavesa (freshness)
Baja (alcoholic warmth)
What is Vinos de Pago? What is required to gain this recognition?
A theoretical superior appellation to DO.
In order to gain status, an estate within an existing DO must surpass the basic DO requirements in DO Pago legislation, typically through lower yields and other measures suggestive of quality winemaking. Estate should show international critical praise and a decade’s worth of quality production.
In what town was said to be the birth of Spanish sparkling wine?
San Sadurní d’Anoia
What is the synonym for Tempranillo in Castilla-La Mancha?
Cencibel
What DO is said to be the ancestral home for Mazuelo? What Autonomía is it located in ? What is this grape called in France?
Cariñena
Aragón
Carignan
For how long must a bottle labeled Cava be aged? Cava Reserva? Cava Gran Reserva?
9 - Cava
15 - Cava Reserva
30 - Cava Gran Reserva
What are the authorized white grapes of Cava DO:
Parellada
Xarel-lo
Macabéo
Chardonnay
Which style is a specialty of Navarra? What percentage of the region’s total output is made in this style?
Rosé
25%
What are the three main soil types of Jerez? Describe them.
Albariza (chalky, limestone)
Barros (clay)
Arenas (sandy)
What is Doble Pasta and where is this style popular?
“Doble Pasta (Spain) A dry, full-bodied, dark red wine with high alcohol made in the Alicante, Jumilla, Utiel-Requeña, and Yecla districts, by running off of a portion of newly fermented wine and replacing it with crushed grapes.The skin ratio is effectively “doubled” (doble), which increases it color and alcohol content.” Source: The International Beverage Dictionary,” by Bob Lipinski.
Sherry must be shipped from one of what 3 towns?
What Autonomía are they located in?
Jerez de la Frontera
Sanlucar de Barrameda
El Puerto de Santa Maria
Andalucía
What are the three main grapes of sherry?
Palomino (Listán)
Pedro Ximinéz
Moscatel
What is arrope? What is its common use?
Grape concentrate made by boiling unfermented grape juice, often from Pedro Ximénez, and reduced down to 50% of its original volume to a syrupy consistency.
Often used for sweetening sherry.
What are the tiers of wine quality in Spain starting from the top?
Denominación de Origen Calificada (DOCa) DO Pago Denominación de Origen (DO) Vinos de Calidad con Indicación Geográfica (VCIG) Vino de la Tierra (VdlT)
What river is the DO of Ribeiro located on?
Miño
What are the two traditional grapes of Priorat?
Garnacha and Cariñena
What are the 16 autonomías of Spain?
Navarra La Rioja Aragón Galicia Castilla y Leon Catalunya Valencia Murcia Castilla-La Mancha Extremadura Andalucía Canary Islands Asturias Balearic Islands La Rioja Basque Country
What is main white grape of Rioja and what is its synonym elsewhere in Spain? What other three traditional white grapes of Rioja can be blended in? Which three additional grapes, two of which are classic international varieties may also be blended? What percentage is there combined total limited to?
Viura, known as Macabéo elsewhere in Spain, is the main white grape of Rioja. Other traditional white grapes, Garnacha Blanca, Maturana Blanca, and Malvasia Riojano can be blended. Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, and Verdejo may also be blended but together cannot comprise more than 49% of the blend.
What is Fondillón and where is it produced?
Specialty wine of Alicante, a solera-style, oxidative dessert wine produced from overripe Monastrell grapes and aged for a minimum of ten years.
What are the five original “Clos” of Priorat? After 1991 the project split. Today there are 7 estates that are building on this legacy. What are they?
5 Original Clos de l'Obac Clos Martinet Clos Erasmus Clos Dofí Clos Mogador
7 Estates Today Clos Mogador Clos Erasmus Alvaro Palcios Costers del Siurana Mas Martinet Vall Llach Scala Dei
What is the star grape of Jumilla? What its synonym in France?
Monastrell Known as Mourvèdre in France
What is the DO known for jamón serrano and jamón iberico? What autonomía is this located in?
Ribera del Guadiana DO
Extremadura
What does Valdepeñas mean? What is the most planted grape here? What s the main soil type here?
“Valley of Rocks”
Bobal
Chalk
What are the three DOs of Murcia?
Jumilla
Yecla
Bullas
What are the two most sought after wines produced by Alvaro Palacios today and the grapes in each?
Finca Dofí: Garnacha, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah
L’Ermita: 100% Garnacha
