General info COPY COPY Flashcards
About how many grape varieties are being used for wine?
200
When did Portugal expel the Moors?
1250
When did Portugal sign the treaty of Windsor, and what did that accomplish?
1386, It created a diplomatic alliance that would pave the way for extensive trade between Portugal and England.
What did the Portuguese do in Madeira, shortly after colonizing it?
Burn the forests to make way for agriculture.
When did the English discover Port? Where?
1678, Lamego
What is mutage?
Arresting the fermentation wines with brandy.
What was the early nickname of Port?
Blackstrap
What caused a boom in sales of Port?
A war time trade embargo with France, which was from 1679 to 1685, then reinstated in 1688.
What and when made post-war trade feasible?
The 1703 Treaty of Methuen
In the mid 18th century, how much of English wine imports was Port?
2/3
What were the first two English port houses?
Warre & Co, and Croft and Taylor.
Which German founded the first export Port house, and when?
Christiano Kopke, 1638
What was often added to Port (illegally) for color
elderberry
What was the name of the company created to regulate issues of fraud?
Companhia Geral dos Vinhos do Alto Douro
“Douro Wine Company”
What is feitoria?
The best 335 vineyards marked with stone, fruit for the English market.
What was Portuguese brandy called?
aguardente
Who manages the Port appellation and regulations?
Douro Port Wine Institute (IVDP)
Where did Madeira start to gain favor, after Port sales increased for England?
American colonies and Brazil
What was Vinhos ao Roda?
Madeira wines that underwent the Atlantic round trip.
Which Madeira wines matured on the island?
Vinhos Canteiro
Name two American events that Madeira was used for as a toast
a glass of Madeira was raised to commemorate both the signing of the Declaration of Independence and George Washington’s inauguration
Who and when invaded Portugal to distrupt their trade with England?
France and Spain in 1807
What replaced Port as the favorite imported fortified wine for the English? When?
Sherry, late 1800s
What western event caused a significant decline in Madeira consumption
The American Revolutionary war
What was often planted in Portugal instead of vines after phylloxera?
Cork trees
What and when is the Junta Nacional do Vinhos?
1937, A group that consolidated small vineyards into a network of larger cooperatives.
Which two brands became the face of Portugese wine after World War 2?
Mateus and Lancer’s.
What is the highest Portugese classification?
DOP - Denominação de Origem Protegida
What is the second highest Portuguese classification?
IGP - Indicação Geogràfica Protegida
What is the lower tier of quality wines?
IG - Indicação Geogràfica
What is the lowest level of Portugese wine?
Vinhos de Mesa
What does garrafeira mean?
“private wine cellar”, a Portuguese table wine with 2 1/2 years aging if a red (12 months in bottle), and 1 year for rose and white (6 months in bottle)
What is the most widely planted grape variety in Portugal?
Castelao
What was Castelao famously bottled as?
Periquita
What is widely considered Portugal’s best grape?
Touriga Nacional
What is Mencia known as in Portugal?
Jaen
What are two often used synonyms of Touriga Nacional?
Bical Tinto and Mortagua Preto
What are secondary common grapes in Portugal?
Alfrocheiro
Trincadeira (Tinta Amarela)
Baga
Aragonez (Tinta Roriz, known as Tempranillo in Spain)
What is the most planted white grape in Portugal?
Where is mainly grown?
Fernão Pires (known as Maria Gomes in Bairrada)
Bairrada
What is a white grape in Portugal, known for minerality?
Arinto
What is a highly acidic white grape of Portugal, used in Madeira?
Sercial
What is a “tropical” grape known to be grown/used in Alentejo?
Antao Vaz
What two delimited regions share the exact same boundaries in the NW of Portugal?
Minho IGP
Vinho Verde DOP
What can cause problems in Vinho Verde?
Grey rot
How are vines traditionally trained in Vinho Verde? What have the often been replaced by?
high off the ground, in a system called enforcado
Modern trellis systems
What’s the largest DOP in Portugal? How much acreage is under it?
Vinho Verde
15%
What’s at the Spanish/Portuguese border?
The Minho river
What is Vinho Verde’s most heavily planted white grape?
Loureiro
What Portuguese town sees the highest quality Albarino production?
Moncao
What are Red/Rosato Vinho Verde wines made of?
Vinhao (a teinturrier)
Where is Transmontano IGP?
East on Minho
What is the weather like in Transmontano?
Hot and dry
Where is Duriense?
In the NE of Portugal, just south of Transmontano
What is the preferred soil for Port grapes?
schist
What are the three subzones in Douro?
Baixo Corgo
Cima Corgo
Douro Superior
What is a Duriense fortified Moscatel do Douro?
Licoroso
What are the 5 important grapes of Douro?
Touriga Nacional Touriga Franca Tinta Roriz Tinta Cao Tinta Barroca
What are important white grapes of Douro?
Malvasia Fina
Viosinho
Rabigato
Gouveio
What is the term for Douro late harvest wines?
Colheita Tardia
All Port wines were to be shipped from where, until when?
Vila Nova de Gaia, 1986
What Portuguese house is credited with starting the style of dry reds?
Ferreira, with its Barca Velha line in 1952
What is a signature component of blends from Dao?
Touriga Nacional
What is the elevation of Dao’s best vineyards?
400-500 meters above sea level
How much of Dao wine is red?
More than 75%
What is Baga known for?
Astrigency and late ripening
What kind of business dominates Lisboa?
co-operatives, often of low quality.
What is the hard soil of Lisboa?
Chao Rija
What are the two islands of Terras Madeirenses?
Madeira
Porto Santo
What are the subzones of Vinho Verde?
Moncao e Melgaco Lima Cavado Basto Ave Amarante Sousa Baiao Paiva
What is the minimum alcohol for Vinho Verde still wines?
Still wines with sub zone
Espumante
8%
9%
10%
When was Vinho Verde DOP established?
1999
What are the two DOPs of Duriense?
Douro
Porto
How long must Douro Espumante be aged on the lees?
9 months on the lees
When was Douro DOC established?
1998
What are the 2 DOPs of Terras do Dao?
Dao
Lafoes
What is chao de areia?
sand
What is chao rija?
hard soil
