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Green Pin Study 2 (imported Cards) > Diseases > Flashcards

Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is oidium also known as?

A

Powdery Mildew

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2
Q

Where is generally the only fungus found?

A

California

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3
Q

What type of weather does oidium like for germination?

A

Cooler weather

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4
Q

What temperature is ideal for rapid development of oidium?

A

70-90F

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5
Q

What does oidium attack?

A

Leaves and fruit

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6
Q

What prevents oidium?

A

sulfur dust

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7
Q

What vinifera grapes are most susceptible to powdery mildew?

A

Carignane, Muscat of Alexandria, Sylvaner

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8
Q

How does downy mildew germinate?

A

In a film of water on the vines

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9
Q

What does down mildew affect earlier in the year?

A

Leaves, tendrils, berry clusters, petioles, shoots.

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10
Q

Which vinifera are most susceptible to downy mildew?

A

Chardonnay, Riesling

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11
Q

What is the most effective treatment for downy mildew?

A

Bordeaux mixture

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12
Q

What are the ingredients of Bordeaux mixture?

A

Copper sulfate
Slaked lime
Table salt
Water

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13
Q

Where is Black Rot most dangerous in the US?

A

East

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14
Q

In what kind of weather does black rot germinate?

A

Warm, humid weather

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15
Q

What does Black Rot attack?

A

leaves

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16
Q

What is an effective combatant to Black Rot?

A

Bordeaux mixture

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17
Q

How does Black Rot initially look on a vine?

A

As black spots on the vines shoots, leaves and berries.

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18
Q

What causes Black Rot?

A

The Guignardia bidwelli fungus

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19
Q

How did black rot spread to Europe?

A

With the importation of phylloxera-resistant rootstocks in the late 1800s.

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20
Q

Where is Black Rot native to?

A

North America

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21
Q

When does Noble Rot develop?

A

Later in the season

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22
Q

What is noble rot known as in Germany? In Italy?

A

Edelfaule, Muffa

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23
Q

Why is later day dry weather vital to good wine, with regards to noble rot?

A

If there is unrelenting heat and dryness, then the fungus will not actually develop, and grapes will accumulate sugar, rather than undergoing the chemical transformations associated with noble rot. But the medium of warm, sunny, dry days after the moisture will create the idea growing conditions.

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24
Q

What is the color transformation of grapes infected with the noble rot?

A

Golden -> pink or purple -> brown

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25
Q

How does botrytis affect these 3 factors of a grape?…

Sugar
Tartaric Acid
Malic Acid

A

Sugar - Decrease by 1/3
Tartaric Acid - Decrease by 5/6
Malic Acid - Decrease by 1/3

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26
Q

What does botrytis form in a grape?

A

Glycerol, acetic acid, gluconic acid, laccase, pectinase, other enzymes, botyticine (a yeast-inhibiting glycoprotein).

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27
Q

What is glycerol?

A

A polyol and minor product of fermentation, usually present from 5-12 grams/liter, but in botrytized wines up to 25 g/l.

28
Q

At what temperature does Noble Rot grow best?

A

65-75 (18-24)

29
Q

What do vines infected with Eutypa Dieback experience?

A

Stunted shoot growth, as the fungus releases toxins, and potentially causes the death of a cane.

30
Q

What does Eutypa Dieback primarily affect?

A

yield

31
Q

How does Eutypa Dieback enter the vine?

A

carried by rain, entering the vine through pruning wounds.

32
Q

What causes Eutypa Dieback?

A

The Eutypa lata fungus

33
Q

What is Eutypa Dieback also known as?

A

Dead Arm

34
Q

Esca-infected vines rarely live past what?

A

30 years of agents

35
Q

What can Esca do to older vines?

A

It affects the wood, causing the interior of the trunk and arms to soften and rot from the inside.

36
Q

What does Esca do to young vines?

A

Weaken growth, affect berry development and discolor leaves. Death may occur in hot weather.

37
Q

Where does Esca thrive?

A

warmer climates

38
Q

What is Esca also known as?

What kind of disease is it?

A

Black measles

Fungal

39
Q

What does downy mildew cause?

A

Dropping of vine leaves, which limits the vine’s ability to photosynthesize.

40
Q

What is the agent of downy mildew?

A

Plasmopara viticola

41
Q

What can mealy bugs of the genera Planococcus and Pseudococcus spread?

A

Leafroll virus

42
Q

What are some indirect effects of mealybug’s sap sucking?

A

They produce a lot of “honeydew” which collects over the bunches and foliage, and on which fungus grows, often giving it a sooty appearance.

43
Q

When and where was the first vine mealy bug indentified?

A

California’s Coachella Valley in the early 1990s

44
Q

Mealy bugs prefer a _____ environment.

A

humid

45
Q

When do mealy bugs become mature and reproduce?

A

early summer

46
Q

Which mealy bug can feed on roots?

A

Planococcus ficus

47
Q

What are mealy bugs and what do they do?

A

Small white insects of the family Cicadellidae which suck vine sap, infect new growth in the spring, typically at the undersurface of the leaves.

48
Q

What are phytoplasmas?

A

Pathogens similar to bacteria, yet symptomatically similar to viral diseases.

49
Q

How are viral diseases spread in the vineyard.

A

Through grafting or from transmission from insects.

50
Q

What climates are fungal diseases typically associated with?

A

warm and damp climates

51
Q

How do fungal diseases manifest?

A

As mildew or mold

52
Q

What is powdery mildew?

A

aka oidium

A fungal disease native to North America, spread to France & noticed in 1847. Green parts of the vine are attacked, and a cobweb like growth spreads. Ash-like spores soon show up on short, upright stalks.

53
Q

What are examples of agrochemicals?

A

fungicides, insecticides, herbicides, bird repellents, plant growth regulators, rodenticides, soil fumigants

54
Q

A common feature of vineyards with a reputation for producing high-quality wines is that they are of _____ vigor, and that the canopy microclimate is characterized by _____ and _____ shade.

A
  • moderate to low
  • good exposure of leaves and fruit to the sun
  • little
55
Q

What is the full two names for phylloxera?

A

Phylloxera Vastatrix

Phylloxera the destroyer

56
Q

What does phylloxera attack? What does this cause?

A

The vines…it lowers the sap pressure level.

57
Q

How are those affected vines vulnerable?

A

New pathogens can attack the vine

58
Q

What is Millerandage?

A

It affects big variation in grape size

59
Q

What grapes are affected by millerandage?

A

Gewurztraminer, Chardonnay 1a & Mendoza clones

60
Q

What is couloure?

A

Failure of grapes to develop after flowering

61
Q

When does couloure usually happen?

A

Spring

62
Q

Why does couloure happen?

A

The vine is trying to conserve resources

63
Q

What grapes are prone to couloure?

A

Grenache, malbec, merlot, muscat ottonel

64
Q

What is Crown Gall also known as?

A

Agrobacterium Tumefaciens

65
Q

Where and when does crown gall happen?

A

On vines injured by winter freeze

66
Q

What transmits the bacteria that causes Pierce’s Disease?

A

Glassy winged sharpshooter

67
Q

What is the bacteria that causes Pierce’s Disease?

A

Xylella Fastidiosa

Green Pin Study 2 (imported Cards) (705 decks)

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