French Law n Bordeaux - Brainscape Flashcards
1
Q
Are hybrids allowed under EU regulations?
A
No, only vitis vinifera
2
Q
Are white wines under Bordeaux Supérieur AOP dry or off-dry?
A
off-dry
3
Q
Describe the wines of St-Estèphe.
A
Sturdy and full-bodied with a slightly higher percentage of Merlot, due to a higher proportion of clay amongst the gravel
4
Q
Entre-Deux-Mers lies on the conflux of what two rivers?
A
Dordogne (north) and Garonne (south)
5
Q
How long are Sauternes generally aged in cask? What type of oak are they usually aged in?
A
- up to 2 years
- Moderate-to-high percentage of new oak
6
Q
How long do the best red and white wines of Bordeaux spend in oak?
A
- Red - 18 months
- White - 16 months
7
Q
How many acres of the Médoc are planted to white grapes?
A
123 acres
8
Q
How many chateaux were classified in Graves?
A
- 13 estates for red
- 9 estates for white
- 16 in total
9
Q
How many Grand Cru Classé are classified for St-Émilion?
A
64
10
Q
How many Premier Cru Classé B’s are classified for St-Émilion?
A
14
11
Q
In 2007, what did the INAO become?
A
It retained its former acronym
L’Institut National de l’Origine et de la Qualité - to oversee wines, spirits, cheeses and other foodstuffs
12
Q
In 2011, how many AOCs were in France? How much of France’s wines were released as AOC?
A
- over 480
- over 50%
13
Q
In the 1855 Classification how many 2ème Crus are there?
A
14
14
Q
In the 1855 Classification how many 3ème Crus are there?
A
14
15
Q
In the 1855 Classification how many 4ème Crus are there?
A
10
16
Q
In the 1855 Classification how many 5ème Crus are there?
A
18
17
Q
Do all French wines pass a tasting panel?
A
No, only AOC wines
18
Q
Name 3 garagistes producers.
A
- Le Pin - Pomerol
- Valandraud - St-Émilion
- La Mondotte - St-Émilion
19
Q
Name 5 producers of Pomerol.
A
- Ch Pétrus
- Vieux-Chateau-Certan
- Ch Lafleur
- Ch Le Pin
- Ch Trotanoy
20
Q
Name the 2 lesser appellations of the Médoc?
A
- Listrac-Médoc AOP
- Moulis-en-Médoc AOP
21
Q
Regional wines make up what portion of French wines?
A
≈29%
22
Q
What are the AOPs of the Médoc?
A
- Médoc
- Haut-Médoc
- St-Estèphe
- Pauillac
- St-Julien
- Listrac-Médoc
- Moulis-en-Médoc
- Margaux
23
Q
Sauternes lies at the conflux of what two rivers?
A
- Ciron
- Garonne
24
Q
The AOC falls within which category of the EU’s categories?
A
Protected Designation of Origin (PDO)
25
Under EU regulations, what are yields set for?
- White - 90hl/ha
- Red/Rosé - 85hl/ha
- Vin de Pays - 100hl/ha
26
What % of St-Julien is AOP cru classé?
≈80%
27
What AOP encompasses both Blaye and Bourg?
Côtes de Bordeaux AOP
28
What AOP is for whites produced in Blaye?
Cotes de Blaye AOP
29
What are "Vin Ordinaires" classified as?
Vin de Table
30
What are boulbenes? Where is it most commonly found?
A mixture of sand, gravel and light clay that characterizes Graves
31
What are coulure and millerandage?
- Coulure - no fertilization - some berries in the bunches do not even develop
- Millerandage - poor fertilization with berries that have no seeds, aka "Hens and chickens"
32
What are courtiers?
Brokers of wine
33
What are croupes?
Gravel mounds that were unearthed by the Dutch in the 1600s
34
What are the "super-seconds" of the 1855 Classifications?
- Cos d'Estournel
- Ch Léoville Las Cases
- Ch Ducru-Beaucaillou
35
What are the 3 levels of IGP zones?
- Regional
- Department
- Local
36
What are the 4 satellites of St-Émilion?
- Lussac
- St-Georges
- Montagne
- Puisseguin
37
What are the 5 villages of Margaux?
- Cantenac
- Labarde
- Arsac
- Margaux
- Soussans
38
What are the 6 IGP zones of France?
- Pays d'Oc IGP, Languedoc-Roussillon
- Val de Loire IGP, Loire
- Comtés Rhodaniens IGP, Northern Rhone Valley, Jura and Savoie
- Méditerranée IGP, Southeast France
- Atlantique IGP, Bordeaux and Charente
- Comté Tolosan IGP, Sud-Ouest
39
What are the communes of Pessac-Léognan?
- Pessac
- Léognan
- Cadaujac
- Canéjan
- Gradignan
- Martillac
- Mérignac
- Saint-Médard-d'Eyrans
- Talence
- Villenave-d'Ornons
40
What are the drainage channels of Bordeaux called?
jalles
41
What are the five villages of Sauternes AOP?
- Sauternes
- Barsac
- Fargues
- Preignac
- Bommes
42
What are the general Bordeaux Appellations?
- Bordeaux AOP
- Bordeaux Supérieur AOP
- Crémant de Bordeaux AOP
43
What are the grapes and the blend of Bordeaux blanc AOP wines?
-Sémillon
-Sauvignon Blanc
-Muscadell
max 30% combined:
-Ugni Blanc
-Merlot Blanc
-Colombard
44
What are the level of the Current French Wine Classifications?
- Appellation d'Origine Contrôlee / Protégée (AOC/AOP)
- Vin de Pays / Indication Géographique Protégée (IGP)
- Vin de France (Table Wine)
45
What are the major communes of the Médoc?
- St-Estèphe
- Pauillac
- St. Julien
- Listrac-Médoc
- Moulis-en-Médoc
- Margaux
46
What are the sweet white AOPs of Graves?
- Graves Supérieur
- Cérons
- Barsac
- Sauternes
47
what are the top 2 wine regions in France for volume?
1. Languedoc
| 2. Bordeaux
48
What are the two broad categories of soil in St-Émilion?
- côtes - steep limestone slopes
| - graves - gravelly limestone plateau
49
What areas of origin may be listed with Côtes de Bordeaux?
- Francs
- Castillon
- Blaye
- Cadillac
50
What category was eliminated by the INAO in 2011? When was it created?
- VDQS (aka AOVDQS = Vin Délimité de Qualité Supérieure)
| - 1949
51
What classified chateau of Graves produced its final vintage in 2008?
Chateau Laville Haut-Brion - classified for white wine
52
What classified chateau of Graves produced its last vintage in 2005?
Chateau La Tour Haut-Brion - it was classified for red wine
53
What color wines are produced in the Fronsac and Canon-Fronsac AOP?
Red for both
54
What color wines are produced under the Côtes de Blaye AOP? From what grapes?
White - Ugni Blanc and Colombard
55
What color wines does Blaye AOP produce?
Red
56
What colors can Médoc AOP wines be?
Red only
57
What commune has the largest number of classified growths?
Margaux (21)
58
What communes are located within Lalande-de-Pomerol AOP?
- Lalande-de-Pomerol
| - Néac
59
What first growths are located in Pauillac?
- Ch Lafite-Rothschild
- Ch Mouton-Rothschild
- Ch Latour
60
What is Cabernet Franc known as in Pomerol?
Bouchet
61
What is Chateau Latour's annual production?
150-180,000 bottles
62
What is Chateau Le Pin's annual production?
6,000 bottles
63
What is crasse de fer?
Rich clay that dominates Pomerol
64
What is Cru Artisan?
- Formally recognized in 2002
- From the 2005 vintage forward, 44 small producers in the Médoc have the right to use the appelltion
- It denots their place as exceptional stewards of the land and craft of winemaking, without the financing or apparatus of large-scale operations
65
What is Cru Bourgeois?
- Originally intro'd in 1932
- Divided 444 properties into 3 categories: Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel, Cru Bourgeois Supérieur, and Cru Bourgeois
- It was not official until 2003, when only 247 chateaux retained their status
- The resulting legal action nullified the entire classification
- Cru Bourgeois was reinstated for the 2008 vintage, but it is no longer a specific classification
- The term now acts as a guarantor of quality and chateaux must apply for it regularly, submitting the wines to be blind tasted
- Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel and Cru Bourgeois Supérieur has been eliminated
66
What is mainly produced in the Côtes de Bourg?
the vast majority is red
67
What is Malbec known as on the Right Bank?
Pressac
68
What is pourriture noble?
Noble rot
69
What is the largest communal appellation of the Haut-Médoc?
Margaux
70
What is the min must weight for harvest in Sauternes?
221g/l
71
What is the min RS of Sauternes?
45g/l of RS
72
What is the range of min alcohol levels under EU regulations?
9-10%
73
What is the traditional method sparkling wine AOP for Bordeaux?
Crémant de Bordeaux AOP
74
What is the VINIFLHOR?
A government agricultural office that oversees Vin de Pays regulations
75
What may the wines of Barsac be sold as?
Barsac AOP or Sauternes AOP
76
What new EU category can Vin de Pays producers choose to label their wines?
Indication Géographique Protégée (IGP)
77
What new practices became available for wines under Vin de Table to allow basic French wines to compete with New World varietal wines?
- Acidification
| - Oak chips
78
What portion of Graves production is white?
25.00%
79
What producer of St Emilion is notable for having Cabernet Sauvignon?
Chateau Figeac
80
What relatively common Bordeaux variety is essentially non-existent on the Right Bank?
Petit Verdot
81
What river is the "Right Bank" on?
Dordogne River
82
What river is the Haut-Médoc located on?
Gironde Estuary
83
What size are barriques?
225L
84
What soil type does Cabernet Franc excel in?
Limestone-based soils
85
What style of wines are produced under Côtes de Bordeaux-Saint-Macaire AOP? Where is it located?
Whites:
- Sec
- Moelleux
- Liquereux
Southern portion of Entre-Deux-Mers, borders; borders Haut-Benage to the SE
86
What style of wines are produced under the Graves de Vayres AOP? Where is it located?
Red and white
Northern portion of Entre-Deux-Mers along the banks of the Dordogne River across from Fronsac
87
What style of wines are produced under the Graves Supérieur AOP?
Sweet whites
88
What style of wines are produced under the Sainte-Foy-Bordeaux AOP?
Red and white
89
What sweet white AOPs are one the eastern shores of the Garonne?
Cadillac AOP
Loupiac AOP
Ste-Croix-du-Mont AOP
Premières Côtes de Bordeaux AOP
90
What style wines can be labeled as Graves AOP?
Red and dry whites
91
What sub-appellation of northern Graves was created in 1987?
Pessac-Léognan - it effectively became the prestige appellation for both red and white while sidelining the producers of Southern Graves
92
What two AOPs may use the geographical designation "Haut-Benauge"?
- Bordeaux AOP
| - Entre-Deux-Mers AOP
93
What two classified chateaux no longer produce wine under their own labels? Both properties now supply fruit for a second red and a new white wine under what label?
- Ch La Tour Haut-Brion & Ch Laville Haut-Brion
| - Ch La Mission Haut-Brion
94
What vintages from 1900-1950 did Ch d'Yquem not produce wine?
10, '15, '30, '51, '52
95
What vintages since 1960 has Ch d'Yquem not produced wine?
64, '72, '74, '92, 2012
96
What was the first identifiable vineyard estate in Bordeaux?
Chateau Pape-Clément in 1305
97
What was the INAO originally?
- Institut National des Appellations d'Origine
| - Was created to delimit and enforce France's wine appellation system
98
What was the only Chateau in the 1855 Classification of Bordeaux that was for both red and white?
Chateau Haut-Brion in Graves
99
What year was Chateau Mouton-Rothschild upgraded?
1973
100
When did Chateau La Tour Haut-Brion produce its final vintage?
2005
101
When did Chateau Laville Haut-Brion produced its final vintage?
2008
102
When did Cru Artisan become formally recognized?
2002
103
When were the three-tier ranking of chateaux of St-Émilion? When were the revisions made?
- 1954 (published in 1955)
| - '69, '85, '96, '06, '12
104
When were the wines of Graves first and last classified? What changed?
- 1953
| - 1959 - six wines were added
105
When were the wines of Sauternes classified?
Alongside those of the Médoc in 1855
106
Where are the oldest cultivated vineyards in Bordeaux?
Bourg - they were well regarded until being eclipsed in the late 1600s by the Médoc and Graves
107
Where in the Haut-Médoc is the gravel topsoil at its deepest point?
Pauillac
108
Where is Ch Chasse-Spleen located?
Moulis
109
Where is Chateau Palmer? What is it classified as?
- Margaux
| - 3ème Cru
110
Where is Chateau Roc de Cambes located?
Cotes de Bourg
111
```
Which of the following may appear on the label of Vin de Table:
-Varietal
-Vintage
-Place of origin
When was it changed?
```
- Vintage
- Varietal
- In 2009, when the table wine category was rechristened "Vin de France"
112
Which of the major communes of the Médoc produces the least wine?
St-Julien
113
Who commissioned and carried our the 1855 Classification of Bordeaux?
- Emperor Napoleon III commissioned it
| - Courtiers carried it out
114
Who organized the classification of Graves?
INAO
115
Who produces the "Crème de Tête"? What is special about it?
- Chateau Gilette (Sauternes)
| - A decade-long maturation in concrete vats
