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Green Pin Study 2 (imported Cards) > French Law n Bordeaux - Brainscape > Flashcards

French Law n Bordeaux - Brainscape Flashcards

1
Q

Are hybrids allowed under EU regulations?

A

No, only vitis vinifera

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2
Q

Are white wines under Bordeaux Supérieur AOP dry or off-dry?

A

off-dry

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3
Q

Describe the wines of St-Estèphe.

A

Sturdy and full-bodied with a slightly higher percentage of Merlot, due to a higher proportion of clay amongst the gravel

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4
Q

Entre-Deux-Mers lies on the conflux of what two rivers?

A

Dordogne (north) and Garonne (south)

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5
Q

How long are Sauternes generally aged in cask? What type of oak are they usually aged in?

A
  • up to 2 years

- Moderate-to-high percentage of new oak

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6
Q

How long do the best red and white wines of Bordeaux spend in oak?

A
  • Red - 18 months

- White - 16 months

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7
Q

How many acres of the Médoc are planted to white grapes?

A

123 acres

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8
Q

How many chateaux were classified in Graves?

A
  • 13 estates for red
  • 9 estates for white
  • 16 in total
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9
Q

How many Grand Cru Classé are classified for St-Émilion?

A

64

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10
Q

How many Premier Cru Classé B’s are classified for St-Émilion?

A

14

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11
Q

In 2007, what did the INAO become?

A

It retained its former acronym

L’Institut National de l’Origine et de la Qualité - to oversee wines, spirits, cheeses and other foodstuffs

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12
Q

In 2011, how many AOCs were in France? How much of France’s wines were released as AOC?

A
  • over 480

- over 50%

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13
Q

In the 1855 Classification how many 2ème Crus are there?

A

14

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14
Q

In the 1855 Classification how many 3ème Crus are there?

A

14

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15
Q

In the 1855 Classification how many 4ème Crus are there?

A

10

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16
Q

In the 1855 Classification how many 5ème Crus are there?

A

18

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17
Q

Do all French wines pass a tasting panel?

A

No, only AOC wines

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18
Q

Name 3 garagistes producers.

A
  • Le Pin - Pomerol
  • Valandraud - St-Émilion
  • La Mondotte - St-Émilion
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19
Q

Name 5 producers of Pomerol.

A
  • Ch Pétrus
  • Vieux-Chateau-Certan
  • Ch Lafleur
  • Ch Le Pin
  • Ch Trotanoy
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20
Q

Name the 2 lesser appellations of the Médoc?

A
  • Listrac-Médoc AOP

- Moulis-en-Médoc AOP

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21
Q

Regional wines make up what portion of French wines?

A

≈29%

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22
Q

What are the AOPs of the Médoc?

A
  • Médoc
  • Haut-Médoc
  • St-Estèphe
  • Pauillac
  • St-Julien
  • Listrac-Médoc
  • Moulis-en-Médoc
  • Margaux
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23
Q

Sauternes lies at the conflux of what two rivers?

A
  • Ciron

- Garonne

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24
Q

The AOC falls within which category of the EU’s categories?

A

Protected Designation of Origin (PDO)

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25
Q

Under EU regulations, what are yields set for?

A
  • White - 90hl/ha
  • Red/Rosé - 85hl/ha
  • Vin de Pays - 100hl/ha
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26
Q

What % of St-Julien is AOP cru classé?

A

≈80%

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27
Q

What AOP encompasses both Blaye and Bourg?

A

Côtes de Bordeaux AOP

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28
Q

What AOP is for whites produced in Blaye?

A

Cotes de Blaye AOP

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29
Q

What are “Vin Ordinaires” classified as?

A

Vin de Table

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30
Q

What are boulbenes? Where is it most commonly found?

A

A mixture of sand, gravel and light clay that characterizes Graves

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31
Q

What are coulure and millerandage?

A
  • Coulure - no fertilization - some berries in the bunches do not even develop
  • Millerandage - poor fertilization with berries that have no seeds, aka “Hens and chickens”
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32
Q

What are courtiers?

A

Brokers of wine

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33
Q

What are croupes?

A

Gravel mounds that were unearthed by the Dutch in the 1600s

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34
Q

What are the “super-seconds” of the 1855 Classifications?

A
  • Cos d’Estournel
  • Ch Léoville Las Cases
  • Ch Ducru-Beaucaillou
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35
Q

What are the 3 levels of IGP zones?

A
  • Regional
  • Department
  • Local
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36
Q

What are the 4 satellites of St-Émilion?

A
  • Lussac
  • St-Georges
  • Montagne
  • Puisseguin
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37
Q

What are the 5 villages of Margaux?

A
  • Cantenac
  • Labarde
  • Arsac
  • Margaux
  • Soussans
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38
Q

What are the 6 IGP zones of France?

A
  • Pays d’Oc IGP, Languedoc-Roussillon
  • Val de Loire IGP, Loire
  • Comtés Rhodaniens IGP, Northern Rhone Valley, Jura and Savoie
  • Méditerranée IGP, Southeast France
  • Atlantique IGP, Bordeaux and Charente
  • Comté Tolosan IGP, Sud-Ouest
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39
Q

What are the communes of Pessac-Léognan?

A
  • Pessac
  • Léognan
  • Cadaujac
  • Canéjan
  • Gradignan
  • Martillac
  • Mérignac
  • Saint-Médard-d’Eyrans
  • Talence
  • Villenave-d’Ornons
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40
Q

What are the drainage channels of Bordeaux called?

A

jalles

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41
Q

What are the five villages of Sauternes AOP?

A
  • Sauternes
  • Barsac
  • Fargues
  • Preignac
  • Bommes
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42
Q

What are the general Bordeaux Appellations?

A
  • Bordeaux AOP
  • Bordeaux Supérieur AOP
  • Crémant de Bordeaux AOP
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43
Q

What are the grapes and the blend of Bordeaux blanc AOP wines?

A

-Sémillon
-Sauvignon Blanc
-Muscadell
max 30% combined:
-Ugni Blanc
-Merlot Blanc
-Colombard

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44
Q

What are the level of the Current French Wine Classifications?

A
  • Appellation d’Origine Contrôlee / Protégée (AOC/AOP)
  • Vin de Pays / Indication Géographique Protégée (IGP)
  • Vin de France (Table Wine)
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45
Q

What are the major communes of the Médoc?

A
  • St-Estèphe
  • Pauillac
  • St. Julien
  • Listrac-Médoc
  • Moulis-en-Médoc
  • Margaux
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46
Q

What are the sweet white AOPs of Graves?

A
  • Graves Supérieur
  • Cérons
  • Barsac
  • Sauternes
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47
Q

what are the top 2 wine regions in France for volume?

A
  1. Languedoc

2. Bordeaux

48
Q

What are the two broad categories of soil in St-Émilion?

A
  • côtes - steep limestone slopes

- graves - gravelly limestone plateau

49
Q

What areas of origin may be listed with Côtes de Bordeaux?

A
  • Francs
  • Castillon
  • Blaye
  • Cadillac
50
Q

What category was eliminated by the INAO in 2011? When was it created?

A
  • VDQS (aka AOVDQS = Vin Délimité de Qualité Supérieure)

- 1949

51
Q

What classified chateau of Graves produced its final vintage in 2008?

A

Chateau Laville Haut-Brion - classified for white wine

52
Q

What classified chateau of Graves produced its last vintage in 2005?

A

Chateau La Tour Haut-Brion - it was classified for red wine

53
Q

What color wines are produced in the Fronsac and Canon-Fronsac AOP?

A

Red for both

54
Q

What color wines are produced under the Côtes de Blaye AOP? From what grapes?

A

White - Ugni Blanc and Colombard

55
Q

What color wines does Blaye AOP produce?

A

Red

56
Q

What colors can Médoc AOP wines be?

A

Red only

57
Q

What commune has the largest number of classified growths?

A

Margaux (21)

58
Q

What communes are located within Lalande-de-Pomerol AOP?

A
  • Lalande-de-Pomerol

- Néac

59
Q

What first growths are located in Pauillac?

A
  • Ch Lafite-Rothschild
  • Ch Mouton-Rothschild
  • Ch Latour
60
Q

What is Cabernet Franc known as in Pomerol?

A

Bouchet

61
Q

What is Chateau Latour’s annual production?

A

150-180,000 bottles

62
Q

What is Chateau Le Pin’s annual production?

A

6,000 bottles

63
Q

What is crasse de fer?

A

Rich clay that dominates Pomerol

64
Q

What is Cru Artisan?

A
  • Formally recognized in 2002
  • From the 2005 vintage forward, 44 small producers in the Médoc have the right to use the appelltion
  • It denots their place as exceptional stewards of the land and craft of winemaking, without the financing or apparatus of large-scale operations
65
Q

What is Cru Bourgeois?

A
  • Originally intro’d in 1932
  • Divided 444 properties into 3 categories: Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel, Cru Bourgeois Supérieur, and Cru Bourgeois
  • It was not official until 2003, when only 247 chateaux retained their status
  • The resulting legal action nullified the entire classification
  • Cru Bourgeois was reinstated for the 2008 vintage, but it is no longer a specific classification
  • The term now acts as a guarantor of quality and chateaux must apply for it regularly, submitting the wines to be blind tasted
  • Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel and Cru Bourgeois Supérieur has been eliminated
66
Q

What is mainly produced in the Côtes de Bourg?

A

the vast majority is red

67
Q

What is Malbec known as on the Right Bank?

A

Pressac

68
Q

What is pourriture noble?

A

Noble rot

69
Q

What is the largest communal appellation of the Haut-Médoc?

A

Margaux

70
Q

What is the min must weight for harvest in Sauternes?

A

221g/l

71
Q

What is the min RS of Sauternes?

A

45g/l of RS

72
Q

What is the range of min alcohol levels under EU regulations?

A

9-10%

73
Q

What is the traditional method sparkling wine AOP for Bordeaux?

A

Crémant de Bordeaux AOP

74
Q

What is the VINIFLHOR?

A

A government agricultural office that oversees Vin de Pays regulations

75
Q

What may the wines of Barsac be sold as?

A

Barsac AOP or Sauternes AOP

76
Q

What new EU category can Vin de Pays producers choose to label their wines?

A

Indication Géographique Protégée (IGP)

77
Q

What new practices became available for wines under Vin de Table to allow basic French wines to compete with New World varietal wines?

A
  • Acidification

- Oak chips

78
Q

What portion of Graves production is white?

A

25.00%

79
Q

What producer of St Emilion is notable for having Cabernet Sauvignon?

A

Chateau Figeac

80
Q

What relatively common Bordeaux variety is essentially non-existent on the Right Bank?

A

Petit Verdot

81
Q

What river is the “Right Bank” on?

A

Dordogne River

82
Q

What river is the Haut-Médoc located on?

A

Gironde Estuary

83
Q

What size are barriques?

A

225L

84
Q

What soil type does Cabernet Franc excel in?

A

Limestone-based soils

85
Q

What style of wines are produced under Côtes de Bordeaux-Saint-Macaire AOP? Where is it located?

A

Whites:

  • Sec
  • Moelleux
  • Liquereux

Southern portion of Entre-Deux-Mers, borders; borders Haut-Benage to the SE

86
Q

What style of wines are produced under the Graves de Vayres AOP? Where is it located?

A

Red and white

Northern portion of Entre-Deux-Mers along the banks of the Dordogne River across from Fronsac

87
Q

What style of wines are produced under the Graves Supérieur AOP?

A

Sweet whites

88
Q

What style of wines are produced under the Sainte-Foy-Bordeaux AOP?

A

Red and white

89
Q

What sweet white AOPs are one the eastern shores of the Garonne?

A

Cadillac AOP
Loupiac AOP
Ste-Croix-du-Mont AOP
Premières Côtes de Bordeaux AOP

90
Q

What style wines can be labeled as Graves AOP?

A

Red and dry whites

91
Q

What sub-appellation of northern Graves was created in 1987?

A

Pessac-Léognan - it effectively became the prestige appellation for both red and white while sidelining the producers of Southern Graves

92
Q

What two AOPs may use the geographical designation “Haut-Benauge”?

A
  • Bordeaux AOP

- Entre-Deux-Mers AOP

93
Q

What two classified chateaux no longer produce wine under their own labels? Both properties now supply fruit for a second red and a new white wine under what label?

A
  • Ch La Tour Haut-Brion & Ch Laville Haut-Brion

- Ch La Mission Haut-Brion

94
Q

What vintages from 1900-1950 did Ch d’Yquem not produce wine?

A

10, ‘15, ‘30, ‘51, ‘52

95
Q

What vintages since 1960 has Ch d’Yquem not produced wine?

A

64, ‘72, ‘74, ‘92, 2012

96
Q

What was the first identifiable vineyard estate in Bordeaux?

A

Chateau Pape-Clément in 1305

97
Q

What was the INAO originally?

A
  • Institut National des Appellations d’Origine

- Was created to delimit and enforce France’s wine appellation system

98
Q

What was the only Chateau in the 1855 Classification of Bordeaux that was for both red and white?

A

Chateau Haut-Brion in Graves

99
Q

What year was Chateau Mouton-Rothschild upgraded?

A

1973

100
Q

When did Chateau La Tour Haut-Brion produce its final vintage?

A

2005

101
Q

When did Chateau Laville Haut-Brion produced its final vintage?

A

2008

102
Q

When did Cru Artisan become formally recognized?

A

2002

103
Q

When were the three-tier ranking of chateaux of St-Émilion? When were the revisions made?

A
  • 1954 (published in 1955)

- ‘69, ‘85, ‘96, ‘06, ‘12

104
Q

When were the wines of Graves first and last classified? What changed?

A
  • 1953

- 1959 - six wines were added

105
Q

When were the wines of Sauternes classified?

A

Alongside those of the Médoc in 1855

106
Q

Where are the oldest cultivated vineyards in Bordeaux?

A

Bourg - they were well regarded until being eclipsed in the late 1600s by the Médoc and Graves

107
Q

Where in the Haut-Médoc is the gravel topsoil at its deepest point?

A

Pauillac

108
Q

Where is Ch Chasse-Spleen located?

A

Moulis

109
Q

Where is Chateau Palmer? What is it classified as?

A
  • Margaux

- 3ème Cru

110
Q

Where is Chateau Roc de Cambes located?

A

Cotes de Bourg

111
Q 
Which of the following may appear on the label of Vin de Table:
-Varietal
-Vintage
-Place of origin
When was it changed?
A
  • Vintage
  • Varietal
  • In 2009, when the table wine category was rechristened “Vin de France”
112
Q

Which of the major communes of the Médoc produces the least wine?

A

St-Julien

113
Q

Who commissioned and carried our the 1855 Classification of Bordeaux?

A
  • Emperor Napoleon III commissioned it

- Courtiers carried it out

114
Q

Who organized the classification of Graves?

A

INAO

115
Q

Who produces the “Crème de Tête”? What is special about it?

A
  • Chateau Gilette (Sauternes)

- A decade-long maturation in concrete vats

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