General Info COPY COPY COPY Flashcards
Who brought viticulture (as a commodity) to Spain?
The Phoenicians around 1100 BCE, at the city of Gadir (Cadiz)
Who was responsible for the start of Spanish viticulture?
The Romans
In what style were the Spanish wines shipped to other regions?
rancio
How did Rioja affect other countries when phylloxera hit?
It started to supply consumers
What Spaniards famously learned in Bordeaux?
Marques de Riscal
Marques de Murrieta
Why did Spaniards use American oak?
Economic decision
Who are known Rioja traditionalists?
Lopez de Heredia
CVNE
La Rioja Alta
Berceo
Where and when was Cava created?
Latter half of 19th century, at San Sadurni d’Anoia
When did phylloxera come to Spain?
Around the turn of the 20th century
Under who and when did fascism take hold in Spain? When did he die?
Francisco Franco, late 1930s
1975
Who brought stainless-steel and temperature-controlled fermentations to Spain? When and where?
Miguel Torres
Catalonia, 1960s
When were the DO regulations approved?
1970
What does the C in DOC stand for?
Calificada
What is VCIG?
Vinos de Calidad con Indicacion Geografica
How many Vinos de Pago are there?
15
What is the Spanish Crianza age requirement?
Red: 2 years, 6 mos in cask
Red Rioja: 2 years, 1 year in oak
Red Ribera del Duero: 2 years, 1 year in oak
White: 18 months, 6 mos in cask
White Rioja: 2 years, 6 mos in oak
What is the Spanish Reserva age requirement?
Red: 3 years, 1 year in cask
Red Rioja: same
Red Ribera del Duero: same
White: 2 years, 6 mos in cask
White Rioja: same
What is the Spanish Gran Reserva age requirement?
Red: 5 years, 18 mos in cask
Red Rioja: 5 years - min 3 in bottle, min 2 in oak
Red Ribera del Duero: 5 years - min 3 in bottle, 2 in oak
Red Priorat: 5 years - min 3 in bottle, 2 in oak
White: 4 years, 6 mos in cask
What does Noble mean?
18 months aging in a cask of less than 600 L or bottle
What does Anejo mean?
24 months aging in a cask of less than 600 L or bottle
What does Viejo mean?
36 months aging, demonstrates marked oxidative character
What are the 3 autonomias of North Central Spain?
Navarra
La Rioja
Aragon
What mountains are to the northwest of North Central Spain?
Cantabrian Mountains
What is the river of Rioja?
Ebro
What is a tributary of the Ebro?
Oja
When was Rioja named a DOC?
1991
Who is Gonzalo de Berceo
A 13th century Benedictine clergymen who wrote praises of Rioja wine
What is the classic Rioja style?
soft, with muted red fruit, firm acidity and the unmistakable oak aromas of dill, vanilla and cedar.
What are the 3 traditional blending grapes of Tempranillo for Rioja?
Mazuelo (Carignan), Graciano, Garnacha
What grape was authorized in Rioja in 2007?
Maturana Tinta
What are the size of Rioja casks
225 liters
What is the minimum of authorized Rioja red grapes?
95%, 85% if destemmed
What is the principal white grape of Rioja?
Viura
What is the minimum allowed for white grapes in Rioja?
100%
What are the minimum grapes for Rioja Rosado?
Minimum 25% combined Tempranillo, Mazuelo, Garnacha Tinta, Maturana Tinta, Graciano
What are the 3 zones of Rioja?
Rioja Alta
Rioja Alavesa
Rioja Baja
What is the smallest Rioja zone? What kind of wines does it often make?
Rioja Alavesa, joven wines often made by carbonic maceration
What is the soil of Alta and Alavesa?
mostly calcareous clay
What is the hottest subregion of Rioja?
Rioja Baja
What is the winery known for its avant-garde architectural design?
Ysios
Who created the new estate at Marques de Riscal
Architect Frank Gehry
Navarra is adjacent to what?
Northern and Eastern borders of Rioja
What are the major red grapes of Navarra?
Garnacha and Tempranillo
What are the 5 subzones of Navarra?
Valdizarbe Baja Montana Tierra Estella Ribera Alta Ribera Baja
What are the 4 DOs of Aragon?
Campo de Borja
Calatayud
Carinena
Somontano
What is the northernmost DO of Aragon?
Somontano
What is the wind that affects the Campo de Borja?
Cierzo
What does Somontano translate to?
“beneath the mountain”
What does Rias Baixas translate to?
“low estuaries”
What are the five subzones of Rias Baixas?
Val do Salnes Ribeira do Ulla Soutomaior O Rosal Condado do Tea
If the wine is labeled Rias Baixas Albarino, what is the varietal minimum?
100%
If the Rias Baixas wine is labeled with a subzone, what is the varietal minimum?
70% Albarino for Val do Salnes or Ribeira do Ulla
70% Albarino/Loureira/Treixadura in O Rosal or Condado do Tea
Red wine in Rias Baixas is made from what grapes?
Caino
Espadeiro
Mencia
What is the river of Ribeiro?
Mino
What is the origin of the name of Ribeira Sacra?
The large concentration of churches
What is the main white grape of Ribeiro?
Treixadura
What is the main red grape of Ribeiro?
Caino
What is Vino Tostado?
A specialty wine of Ribeiro
What is the main white grape of Pais Vasco DO wines?
Ondarrabi Zuri
What is the main red grape of Pais Vasco DO wines?
Ondarrabi Beltza
What is the basque name for rosado wines?
Ojo de Gallo
What is Spain’s largest automania?
Castilla y Leon
Why were so many castles built in Castilla y Leon?
To repel the Moors in the early Middle Ages
What is the arid central plateau of Spain?
Meseta Central
What is the main river of Castilla y Leon?
Duero
What is the main river of Bierzo?
Sil
What is the minimum for Bierzo?
Min 70% Mencia for red, 50% for rosado.
Who bottled Corullon? What is it?
Descendientes de Jose Palacios
Old-vine Mencia based wines sourced from mountainside schist soils.
Who founded Vega Sicilia?
Don Eloy Lecanda y Chaves
Who was Vega Sicilia’s noteworth winemaker who achieved acclaim at the World’s Fair in Barcelona in 1917 and 1918?
Domingo Txomin
Unico is a blend of what?
Tinto del Pais
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
What was the second winery of Ribera del Duero to receive acclaim?
Pesquera
How many producers were in Ribera del Duero when it became a DO? Now?
9
300
What kind of wine is not allowed in Ribera del Duero?
White wine
What Spanish white grape is easily prone to oxidation?
Verdejo
What is Espumoso?
Sparkling wines
What is Dorado?
oxidized, dry fortified wine
What is the origin of Priorat’s name?
Priorato de Scala Dei, a Carthusian monastery founded on the site of a boy’s vision of angels ascending to heaven.
What are the traditional varietals of Priorat?
Garnacha and Carinena
What is Llicorella?
A mix of black slate and quartzite
What are the 5 Clos wines of Priorat?
At what level were they first released?
Clos Mogador - Barbier Clos Dofi - Palacios Clos Erasmus Clos de l'Obac Clos Martinet
Vino de Mesa
What is Vino de Pueblo?
A Priorat village level category for estate-grown wines
What DO almost entirely surrounds Priorat?
Montsant
What was Monstant formerly a subzone of?
Tarragona
Who is responsible for Raimat?
Manuel Raventos
What are the 3 zones of Penedes?
Baix-Penedes
Medio-Penedes
Alt-Penedes
How much of Cava is produced in Penedes?
95%
What is the Medio-Penedes name for Tempranillo?
Ull de Llebre
Who first created Cava?
Jose Raventos
What are the age requirements for Cava
regular - 9 months
Reserva - 15 months
Grand Reserva - 30 months
What borders Banyuls?
Emporda
What are the two DO on the Balearic Islands?
Pla i Llevant
Binissalem Mallorca
What are the DO of Valencia?
Valencia
Utiel Requena
Alicante
What are the DO of Extremadura?
Ribera del Guadiana
What are the DO of Murcia?
Bullas
Yecla
Jumilla (about half of it)
What are the DO of Madrid?
Vinos de Madrid
Where is paella from?
Valencia
What is Alicante known for?
dessert wines
What is Fondillon?
An Alicante solera-style oxidative dessert wine produced from overripe Monastrell, aged for at least 10 years.
What is the main grape of Utiel Requena?
Bobal
What does Doble Pasta mean?
Fermented and macerated with twice the amount of skin
What’s unique to Jumilla?
Resisted phylloxera until the 1980s
What is Tempranillo known as in La Mancha?
Cencibel
Marques de Grinon has the assistance of who?
Michel Rolland
What is the main grape of Almansa?
Monastrell
What is the main grape of Mancheula
Bobal
What does Valdepenas mean?
valley of rocks
What culture is credited with transforming Andalucia?
The Moors
Until when did the Moor culture persist in Jerez?
1492, the fall of Granada
What British firms arrived in the 17th and 18th centuries to found bodegas?
Osbourne
Garvey
John Harvey (Domecq)
When did Jerez become a DO?
1933
What are the 3 towns of sherry production?
Jerez de la Frontera
Sanlucar de Barrameda
El Puerto de Santa Maria
What are the 3 authorized sherry grapes?
Palomino
Pedro Ximenez
Moscatel
What is the white soil of sherry?
Albariza
What is barros?
clay
What is arenas?
sandy soil
For how long are Montilla Moriles grapes dried for? On what?
20 days
Esparto grass mats
What kind of oak is the Montilla Moriles solera?
American
What are the age categories for Malaga?
Malaga Palido - m 6 mos Malaga - 6-24 mos Malaga Noble - 2-3 years Malaga Anejo - 3-5 years Malaga Transanejo - m 5 years
How far off the coast are the Canary Islands?
700 miles
What are the 2 DO on the Balearic Islands?
Binissalem
Pla i Llevant
What and when was the first Canary Islands DO?
Tacaronte-Acentejo, 1992
What are the grapes for Bierzo Tinto?
Minimum 70% Mencia
Others: Garnacha Tintorera
What are the grapes for Bierzo Rosado?
Minimum 50% Mencia, plus Garnacha Tintorera and Palomino
What are the GR for Ribera del Duero Tinto?
min. 75% Tinta del País, max. 5% Garnacha and Albillo Mayor
What are the GR for Ribera del Duero Rosado?
Min 50% Tinta del Pais / Tinto Fino (Tempranillo), Garnacha, Malbec, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Albillo Mayor
When was Ribera del Duero established?
1982
What is the GR for Rueda Blanco?
Min 50% Verdejo
What are the secondary grapes for Rueda Blanco?
Sauvignon Blanc, Viura, Palomino Fino
What are the GR for Tierra de Leon Blanco?
Min 50% Verdejo, Albarín Blanco (Albariño), Godello
What are the GR for Tinto de Toro?
Min 75% Tinto de Toro (Tempranillo)
What are the villages of Priorat?
La Morera de Montsant Gratallops Bellmunt del Priorat Escaladei Porrera Poboleda La Vilella Baixa La Vilella Alta El Lloar Masos del Terme de Falset Solanes del Terme de El Molar Torroja del Priorat
What is the phrase on the label of village Priorat wines?
“Vi de la Vila”
What is the must weight of Priorat Vino Dulce Natural / Vi Dolc Natural?
320 g/l
What is the Priorat varietal minimum?
85%
Vi de la Vila has what requirement?
Min 60% recommended varieties, or min 50% if only one is present.
What are the minimum alcohols in Priorat?
- Blanc: 13%
- Rosado: 13%
- Tinto: 13.5%
- Vino Rancio/Vino Dulce Natural/Mistela: 15%
When was Priorat DOCa established?
2009, it was a DOQ in 2000
What regions can produce Cava?
Aragón, Basque Country, Catalonia (Catalunya), Extremadura, La Rioja, Navarra, Valencia
What are the white grapes of Cava?
- Recommended: Parellada, Macabeo, Xarel-lo
* Authorized: Chardonnay, Subirat Parent (Malvasia)
What are the red grapes of Cava?
Pinot Noir, Monastrell, Garnacha Tinta, Trepat (Trepat may only be used for rosé)
What are the minimum alcohols for Cava?
- Base Wines: 9.5-11.5%
* Cava: 10.8-12.8%
What are the Sweetness levels for Cava?
- Brut Nature: 0-3 g/l
- Extra Brut: 0-6 g/l
- Brut: 0-12 g/l
- Extra Dry (Extra Seco): 12-17 g/l
- Dry (Seco): 17-32 g/l
- Semi-Dry (Semi-Seco): 32-50 g/l
- Sweet (Dulce): 50+ g/l
What are the permitted vine training systems for Cava?
- En Vaso
* En Espaldera (Trellis): Cordón (simple or double) or Vara y Pulgar (simple or double)
When was Cava DO established?
1986
Montsant Vino Vimblanc is made from what?
100% Pansa
What are the Subzones of Rias Baixas?
Val do Salnés Ribeira do Ulla Soutomaior O Rosal Condado do Tea
What 3 regions is Rioja in?
La Rioja
Navarra
Pais Vasco
What is the principle white grape of Rioja?
Viura
What are the secondary red grapes of Rioja?
Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano, Maturana Tinta
What is the minimum potential alcohol in Rioja?
- White Grapes: 10.5%
* Red Grapes: 11%
Is chaptalization allowed in Rioja?
no
When was Rioja DOCa established?
1991
What are the permitted training methods in Rioja?
Cordon (single or double), “en vaso” (bush vines), “vara y pulgar”, Double Guyot (the latter may be used for all white varieties except Viura, Malvasía, and Garnacha Blanca.)
What are the subzones of Navarra DO?
Ribera Alta Ribera Baja Baja Montaña Tierra Estella Valdizarbe
