General Info COPY COPY COPY Flashcards
1
Q
Who brought viticulture (as a commodity) to Spain?
A
The Phoenicians around 1100 BCE, at the city of Gadir (Cadiz)
2
Q
Who was responsible for the start of Spanish viticulture?
A
The Romans
3
Q
In what style were the Spanish wines shipped to other regions?
A
rancio
4
Q
How did Rioja affect other countries when phylloxera hit?
A
It started to supply consumers
5
Q
What Spaniards famously learned in Bordeaux?
A
Marques de Riscal
Marques de Murrieta
6
Q
Why did Spaniards use American oak?
A
Economic decision
7
Q
Who are known Rioja traditionalists?
A
Lopez de Heredia
CVNE
La Rioja Alta
Berceo
8
Q
Where and when was Cava created?
A
Latter half of 19th century, at San Sadurni d’Anoia
9
Q
When did phylloxera come to Spain?
A
Around the turn of the 20th century
10
Q
Under who and when did fascism take hold in Spain? When did he die?
A
Francisco Franco, late 1930s
1975
11
Q
Who brought stainless-steel and temperature-controlled fermentations to Spain? When and where?
A
Miguel Torres
Catalonia, 1960s
12
Q
When were the DO regulations approved?
A
1970
13
Q
What does the C in DOC stand for?
A
Calificada
14
Q
What is VCIG?
A
Vinos de Calidad con Indicacion Geografica
15
Q
How many Vinos de Pago are there?
A
15
16
Q
What is the Spanish Crianza age requirement?
A
Red: 2 years, 6 mos in cask
Red Rioja: 2 years, 1 year in oak
Red Ribera del Duero: 2 years, 1 year in oak
White: 18 months, 6 mos in cask
White Rioja: 2 years, 6 mos in oak
17
Q
What is the Spanish Reserva age requirement?
A
Red: 3 years, 1 year in cask
Red Rioja: same
Red Ribera del Duero: same
White: 2 years, 6 mos in cask
White Rioja: same
18
Q
What is the Spanish Gran Reserva age requirement?
A
Red: 5 years, 18 mos in cask
Red Rioja: 5 years - min 3 in bottle, min 2 in oak
Red Ribera del Duero: 5 years - min 3 in bottle, 2 in oak
Red Priorat: 5 years - min 3 in bottle, 2 in oak
White: 4 years, 6 mos in cask
19
Q
What does Noble mean?
A
18 months aging in a cask of less than 600 L or bottle
20
Q
What does Anejo mean?
A
24 months aging in a cask of less than 600 L or bottle
21
Q
What does Viejo mean?
A
36 months aging, demonstrates marked oxidative character
22
Q
What are the 3 autonomias of North Central Spain?
A
Navarra
La Rioja
Aragon
23
Q
What mountains are to the northwest of North Central Spain?
A
Cantabrian Mountains
24
Q
What is the river of Rioja?
A
Ebro
25
What is a tributary of the Ebro?
Oja
26
When was Rioja named a DOC?
1991
27
Who is Gonzalo de Berceo
A 13th century Benedictine clergymen who wrote praises of Rioja wine
28
What is the classic Rioja style?
soft, with muted red fruit, firm acidity and the unmistakable oak aromas of dill, vanilla and cedar.
29
What are the 3 traditional blending grapes of Tempranillo for Rioja?
Mazuelo (Carignan), Graciano, Garnacha
30
What grape was authorized in Rioja in 2007?
Maturana Tinta
31
What are the size of Rioja casks
225 liters
32
What is the minimum of authorized Rioja red grapes?
95%, 85% if destemmed
33
What is the principal white grape of Rioja?
Viura
34
What is the minimum allowed for white grapes in Rioja?
100%
35
What are the minimum grapes for Rioja Rosado?
Minimum 25% combined Tempranillo, Mazuelo, Garnacha Tinta, Maturana Tinta, Graciano
36
What are the 3 zones of Rioja?
Rioja Alta
Rioja Alavesa
Rioja Baja
37
What is the smallest Rioja zone? What kind of wines does it often make?
Rioja Alavesa, joven wines often made by carbonic maceration
38
What is the soil of Alta and Alavesa?
mostly calcareous clay
39
What is the hottest subregion of Rioja?
Rioja Baja
40
What is the winery known for its avant-garde architectural design?
Ysios
41
Who created the new estate at Marques de Riscal
Architect Frank Gehry
42
Navarra is adjacent to what?
Northern and Eastern borders of Rioja
43
What are the major red grapes of Navarra?
Garnacha and Tempranillo
44
What are the 5 subzones of Navarra?
```
Valdizarbe
Baja Montana
Tierra Estella
Ribera Alta
Ribera Baja
```
45
What are the 4 DOs of Aragon?
Campo de Borja
Calatayud
Carinena
Somontano
46
What is the northernmost DO of Aragon?
Somontano
47
What is the wind that affects the Campo de Borja?
Cierzo
48
What does Somontano translate to?
"beneath the mountain"
49
What does Rias Baixas translate to?
"low estuaries"
50
What are the five subzones of Rias Baixas?
```
Val do Salnes
Ribeira do Ulla
Soutomaior
O Rosal
Condado do Tea
```
51
If the wine is labeled Rias Baixas Albarino, what is the varietal minimum?
100%
52
If the Rias Baixas wine is labeled with a subzone, what is the varietal minimum?
70% Albarino for Val do Salnes or Ribeira do Ulla
70% Albarino/Loureira/Treixadura in O Rosal or Condado do Tea
53
Red wine in Rias Baixas is made from what grapes?
Caino
Espadeiro
Mencia
54
What is the river of Ribeiro?
Mino
55
What is the origin of the name of Ribeira Sacra?
The large concentration of churches
56
What is the main white grape of Ribeiro?
Treixadura
57
What is the main red grape of Ribeiro?
Caino
58
What is Vino Tostado?
A specialty wine of Ribeiro
59
What is the main white grape of Pais Vasco DO wines?
Ondarrabi Zuri
60
What is the main red grape of Pais Vasco DO wines?
Ondarrabi Beltza
61
What is the basque name for rosado wines?
Ojo de Gallo
62
What is Spain's largest automania?
Castilla y Leon
63
Why were so many castles built in Castilla y Leon?
To repel the Moors in the early Middle Ages
64
What is the arid central plateau of Spain?
Meseta Central
65
What is the main river of Castilla y Leon?
Duero
66
What is the main river of Bierzo?
Sil
67
What is the minimum for Bierzo?
Min 70% Mencia for red, 50% for rosado.
68
Who bottled Corullon? What is it?
Descendientes de Jose Palacios
Old-vine Mencia based wines sourced from mountainside schist soils.
69
Who founded Vega Sicilia?
Don Eloy Lecanda y Chaves
70
Who was Vega Sicilia's noteworth winemaker who achieved acclaim at the World's Fair in Barcelona in 1917 and 1918?
Domingo Txomin
71
Unico is a blend of what?
Tinto del Pais
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
72
What was the second winery of Ribera del Duero to receive acclaim?
Pesquera
73
How many producers were in Ribera del Duero when it became a DO? Now?
9
300
74
What kind of wine is not allowed in Ribera del Duero?
White wine
75
What Spanish white grape is easily prone to oxidation?
Verdejo
76
What is Espumoso?
Sparkling wines
77
What is Dorado?
oxidized, dry fortified wine
78
What is the origin of Priorat's name?
Priorato de Scala Dei, a Carthusian monastery founded on the site of a boy's vision of angels ascending to heaven.
79
What are the traditional varietals of Priorat?
Garnacha and Carinena
80
What is Llicorella?
A mix of black slate and quartzite
81
What are the 5 Clos wines of Priorat?
At what level were they first released?
```
Clos Mogador - Barbier
Clos Dofi - Palacios
Clos Erasmus
Clos de l'Obac
Clos Martinet
```
Vino de Mesa
82
What is Vino de Pueblo?
A Priorat village level category for estate-grown wines
83
What DO almost entirely surrounds Priorat?
Montsant
84
What was Monstant formerly a subzone of?
Tarragona
85
Who is responsible for Raimat?
Manuel Raventos
86
What are the 3 zones of Penedes?
Baix-Penedes
Medio-Penedes
Alt-Penedes
87
How much of Cava is produced in Penedes?
95%
88
What is the Medio-Penedes name for Tempranillo?
Ull de Llebre
89
Who first created Cava?
Jose Raventos
90
What are the age requirements for Cava
regular - 9 months
Reserva - 15 months
Grand Reserva - 30 months
91
What borders Banyuls?
Emporda
92
What are the two DO on the Balearic Islands?
Pla i Llevant
| Binissalem Mallorca
93
What are the DO of Valencia?
Valencia
Utiel Requena
Alicante
94
What are the DO of Extremadura?
Ribera del Guadiana
95
What are the DO of Murcia?
Bullas
Yecla
Jumilla (about half of it)
96
What are the DO of Madrid?
Vinos de Madrid
97
Where is paella from?
Valencia
98
What is Alicante known for?
dessert wines
99
What is Fondillon?
An Alicante solera-style oxidative dessert wine produced from overripe Monastrell, aged for at least 10 years.
100
What is the main grape of Utiel Requena?
Bobal
101
What does Doble Pasta mean?
Fermented and macerated with twice the amount of skin
102
What's unique to Jumilla?
Resisted phylloxera until the 1980s
103
What is Tempranillo known as in La Mancha?
Cencibel
104
Marques de Grinon has the assistance of who?
Michel Rolland
105
What is the main grape of Almansa?
Monastrell
106
What is the main grape of Mancheula
Bobal
107
What does Valdepenas mean?
valley of rocks
108
What culture is credited with transforming Andalucia?
The Moors
109
Until when did the Moor culture persist in Jerez?
1492, the fall of Granada
110
What British firms arrived in the 17th and 18th centuries to found bodegas?
Osbourne
Garvey
John Harvey (Domecq)
111
When did Jerez become a DO?
1933
112
What are the 3 towns of sherry production?
Jerez de la Frontera
Sanlucar de Barrameda
El Puerto de Santa Maria
113
What are the 3 authorized sherry grapes?
Palomino
Pedro Ximenez
Moscatel
114
What is the white soil of sherry?
Albariza
115
What is barros?
clay
116
What is arenas?
sandy soil
117
For how long are Montilla Moriles grapes dried for? On what?
20 days
Esparto grass mats
118
What kind of oak is the Montilla Moriles solera?
American
119
What are the age categories for Malaga?
```
Malaga Palido - m 6 mos
Malaga - 6-24 mos
Malaga Noble - 2-3 years
Malaga Anejo - 3-5 years
Malaga Transanejo - m 5 years
```
120
How far off the coast are the Canary Islands?
700 miles
121
What are the 2 DO on the Balearic Islands?
Binissalem
| Pla i Llevant
122
What and when was the first Canary Islands DO?
Tacaronte-Acentejo, 1992
123
What are the grapes for Bierzo Tinto?
Minimum 70% Mencia
Others: Garnacha Tintorera
124
What are the grapes for Bierzo Rosado?
Minimum 50% Mencia, plus Garnacha Tintorera and Palomino
125
What are the GR for Ribera del Duero Tinto?
min. 75% Tinta del País, max. 5% Garnacha and Albillo Mayor
126
What are the GR for Ribera del Duero Rosado?
Min 50% Tinta del Pais / Tinto Fino (Tempranillo), Garnacha, Malbec, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Albillo Mayor
127
When was Ribera del Duero established?
1982
128
What is the GR for Rueda Blanco?
Min 50% Verdejo
129
What are the secondary grapes for Rueda Blanco?
Sauvignon Blanc, Viura, Palomino Fino
130
What are the GR for Tierra de Leon Blanco?
Min 50% Verdejo, Albarín Blanco (Albariño), Godello
131
What are the GR for Tinto de Toro?
Min 75% Tinto de Toro (Tempranillo)
132
What are the villages of Priorat?
```
La Morera de Montsant
Gratallops
Bellmunt del Priorat
Escaladei
Porrera
Poboleda
La Vilella Baixa
La Vilella Alta
El Lloar
Masos del Terme de Falset
Solanes del Terme de El Molar
Torroja del Priorat
```
133
What is the phrase on the label of village Priorat wines?
"Vi de la Vila"
134
What is the must weight of Priorat Vino Dulce Natural / Vi Dolc Natural?
320 g/l
135
What is the Priorat varietal minimum?
85%
136
Vi de la Vila has what requirement?
Min 60% recommended varieties, or min 50% if only one is present.
137
What are the minimum alcohols in Priorat?
* Blanc: 13%
* Rosado: 13%
* Tinto: 13.5%
* Vino Rancio/Vino Dulce Natural/Mistela: 15%
138
When was Priorat DOCa established?
2009, it was a DOQ in 2000
139
What regions can produce Cava?
Aragón, Basque Country, Catalonia (Catalunya), Extremadura, La Rioja, Navarra, Valencia
140
What are the white grapes of Cava?
* Recommended: Parellada, Macabeo, Xarel-lo
| * Authorized: Chardonnay, Subirat Parent (Malvasia)
141
What are the red grapes of Cava?
Pinot Noir, Monastrell, Garnacha Tinta, Trepat (Trepat may only be used for rosé)
142
What are the minimum alcohols for Cava?
* Base Wines: 9.5-11.5%
| * Cava: 10.8-12.8%
143
What are the Sweetness levels for Cava?
* Brut Nature: 0-3 g/l
* Extra Brut: 0-6 g/l
* Brut: 0-12 g/l
* Extra Dry (Extra Seco): 12-17 g/l
* Dry (Seco): 17-32 g/l
* Semi-Dry (Semi-Seco): 32-50 g/l
* Sweet (Dulce): 50+ g/l
144
What are the permitted vine training systems for Cava?
* En Vaso
| * En Espaldera (Trellis): Cordón (simple or double) or Vara y Pulgar (simple or double)
145
When was Cava DO established?
1986
146
Montsant Vino Vimblanc is made from what?
100% Pansa
147
What are the Subzones of Rias Baixas?
```
Val do Salnés
Ribeira do Ulla
Soutomaior
O Rosal
Condado do Tea
```
148
What 3 regions is Rioja in?
La Rioja
Navarra
Pais Vasco
149
What is the principle white grape of Rioja?
Viura
150
What are the secondary red grapes of Rioja?
Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano, Maturana Tinta
151
What is the minimum potential alcohol in Rioja?
* White Grapes: 10.5%
| * Red Grapes: 11%
152
Is chaptalization allowed in Rioja?
no
153
When was Rioja DOCa established?
1991
154
What are the permitted training methods in Rioja?
Cordon (single or double), "en vaso" (bush vines), "vara y pulgar", Double Guyot (the latter may be used for all white varieties except Viura, Malvasía, and Garnacha Blanca.)
155
What are the subzones of Navarra DO?
```
Ribera Alta
Ribera Baja
Baja Montaña
Tierra Estella
Valdizarbe
```
