Champagne Adv - Brainscape Flashcards
What direction do the vineyards of Montagne de Reims face?
South and North
What is the prominent grape of the Aube?
Pinot Noir
What district(s) of Champagne do not have any Grand Crus?
- Côte de Sezanne
- Côte de Bars (Aube)
What villages were upgraded in 1985 from Premier to Grand Cru?
- Verzy (Montagne de Reims)
- Chouilly (Côte de Blancs)
- Oiry (Côte de Blancs
- Oger (Côte de Blancs)
- Le Mesnil-sur-Oger (Côte de Blancs)
What lasting contribution did Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin make under the widow’s leadership?
The pupitre and thus remuage
What did André François discover?
The precise amount of sugar required to induce 2nd fermentation w/o breaking the bottle
Approximately how many growers are in Champagne?
20000
What does Chardonnay lend to a Champagne blend?
Elegance and longevity
Is malo a universal practice in Champagne?
No
What is the dominant soil in the Aube?
Clay
When did “mousseux” first appear in connotation w/the wines of Champagne?
- 1724
- Although Champenoise may have enjoyed intentionally sparkling wines as early as 1700
Name 7 AOPs for traditional method Crémant in France.
- Crémant de Bordeaux
- Crémant de Bourgogne
- Crémant de Loire
- Crémant de Limoux
- Crémant de Die
- Crémant du Jura
- Crémant d’Alsace
What moderates the amount of land a firm may farm, owned or rented, in Champagne? What is the max hectares?
- Contrôle Structures
- 15 hectares
What subsoil is pushed to the surface on Champagne’s slopes?
Belemnite Chalk
Champagne now accounts for 1 in ___ bottles of sparkling wine produced worldwide?
12
Who released the first Tête de Cuvée?
Moët et Chandon’s 1921 “Dom Pérignon” was released in 1936
What is vin clairs?
High-acid base wines w/an approximate ABV of 11%
What is a bouvreux?
- A second crop
- When rain interrupts flowering, a bouvreux results, that rarely ripens and is left on the vine
What does Pinot Meunier lend to a Champagne blend?
Youthful fruitiness and approachability
In 2012, what did Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, and Pinot Meunier plantings account for in Champagne?
- Pinot Noir - 38%
- Chardonnay - 30%
- Pinot Meunier - 32%
What are the standard bottle sizes larger than a magnum for Champagne?
- Jeroboam (3L)
- Rehoboam (4.5L)
- Methusaleh (6L)
- Salmanazar (9L)
- Balthazar (12L)
- Nebuchadnezzar (15L)
- Solomon (18L)
Describe the continuous method steps.
- Base wine is pumped through a series of interconnected (continuous) tanks
- While undergoing 2nd ferment
- Lees accumulate in the first several tanks
- Offering a high degree of autolyzed flavors than the standard (tank) method
What percent of grapes must originate from a grower’s own vineyards for RM?
95%
How much does the ABV rise during the 2nd fermentation?
~1.2-1.3%
Name 6 countries major Champagne houses have established outposts in.
- USA
- Australia
- Argentina
- Brazil
- New Zealand
- Ukraine
What are the steps of Méthode Champenoise?
- Pressing
- Débourbage
- Chaptalization
- Prim. Fermentation
- Clarification
- Assemblage
- Cold Stabilization
- Racking
- Bottling (liqueur de tirage)
- Prise de Mousse (2nd Ferment)
- Autolysis
- Pointage
- Remuage
- Dégorgement
- Dosage
- Corked w/muselet
What is the oldest sparkling Champagne house?
Ruinart - est. in 1729
What size bottles is tansvasage permitted for?
Smaller than the half bottle and larger than the Jeroboam
What is Méthode Rurale?
Another name for Méthode Ancestrale
What is liqueur de tirage?
A mixture of still wine, yeasts, sugar and a fining agent that will serve to ignite the 2nd fermentation
What is the prominent grape of Vallée de la Marne?
Pinot Meunier (Frost prone region)
What is the first 2,550 L pressed from 4,000kg divided into?
- vin de cuvée (2,050L)
- vin de taille (500L)
How long does remuage take?
- Traditional ~ 8 weeks
- Modern ~ 1 week
What does RC mean?
- Recoltant Coopérateur
- A grower whose grapes are vinifed at a cooperative, but sell under his own label
Name 2 other names for the Charmat Method.
- Cuve Close
- Tank Method
In 1992, what did the CIVC set the limit for grape pressing to?
102L for 160kg (2,550L for 4,000kg)
What is another name for the Continuous Method?
Russian Continuous Method
Developed in the USSR
What are the responsibilities for the CIVC?
- Mediating relationships between growers & producers
- Oversee production methods and promotion
- Regulates the size of the harvest
- Authorizes the blocage (reserve) and deblocage (release) of wine/harvest
- Safeguards the protected designation of Champagne
- Until 1990, they regulated the pricing of the grapes
What are the 4 vineyards concerns of Champagne?
- Frost
- Rain
- Fungal Disease
- Hail
What is a bidule?
A plastic capsule that will serve to capture the sediment during remuage
Is a cork used during the second fermentation bottling?
Usually a crown cap, a cork sometimes (i.e. for prestige cuvées)
What is Pinot Blanc Vrai?
“True” Pinot Blanc, a white form of Pinot Noir
What is a muselet?
A wire cage used to secure the cork on a Champagne bottle
How many liters is a Methusaleh?
6 L (8 bottles)
Who’s 1801 seminal work identified the relationship between sugar and fermentation?
Jean-Antoine Chaptal (Chaptalization)
How is the majority of German Sekt produced?
Tank or Continuous Method
What is “les bleus de ville”?
Remnants of the blue rags used to ship Parisian compost trash, formerly used for fertilizer
What are the two types of dégorgment?
- Dégorgement à la glace - modern
- Dégorgement à la volée - older method
- Same, just no freezing, wine is lost
What is the liqueur d’expedition?
Dosage - mixture of wine and sugar syrup
What is a Solomon bottle size called in Bordeaux?
Melchior
What is a Tête de Cuvée?
A prestige cuvée, usually the pinnacle of quality for a producer
What was the first single vineyard Champagne?
1935 Philiponnt “Clos de Goisses”
Describe Belemnite Chalk.
- Porous
- Derived from the fossilized remains of millions of cephalopods
- Absorbing heat to protect the vines at night
- Providing excellent drainage
What is the pressing limit for Crémant?
100L from 150kg = 2,666L from 4,000kg
What is the dominant grape of Côte de Sezanne?
Chardonnay
What did the winemaking treatise of 1718 highlight?
Division of quality between vin de cuvée and vin de taille, when pressing red grapes for white juice
What did the Champenoise use to color their wines to compete w/the deeper hues of red Burgundy?
Elderberry
What is a pupitre?
- Two large wooden planks fastened together in an upright “A” shape
- Each plank has 60 angled holes cut into it
What is Rosé de Riceys?
- 100% Pinot Noir Rosé
- Produced in Les Riceys (Aube)
What is remuage?
Riddling
In 1985, what change was made to the Échelle de Crus?
A revision set the minimum percentage at 80
When did the growers of Champagne revolt?
1911 - rioting in the streets and ransacking houses
What is done in Méthode Ancestrale prior to sale?
The wine is disgorged, filtered and rebottled in clean glass
What is an autoclave?
A pressurized enamel-lined tank for the 2nd fermentation for the Charmat Method
What is “sur latte” and “sur point”?
- “sur latte” - during the 2nd ferment, the bottles are typically horizontal (sur latte)
- “sur point” - the bottles are vertical (sur point) at the end of remuage and rested
How many liters is a Balthazar?
12 L (16 bottles)
How many liters is a Nebuchadnezzar?
15 L (20 bottles)