Champagne Adv - Brainscape Flashcards
1
Q
What direction do the vineyards of Montagne de Reims face?
A
South and North
2
Q
What is the prominent grape of the Aube?
A
Pinot Noir
3
Q
What district(s) of Champagne do not have any Grand Crus?
A
- Côte de Sezanne
- Côte de Bars (Aube)
4
Q
What villages were upgraded in 1985 from Premier to Grand Cru?
A
- Verzy (Montagne de Reims)
- Chouilly (Côte de Blancs)
- Oiry (Côte de Blancs
- Oger (Côte de Blancs)
- Le Mesnil-sur-Oger (Côte de Blancs)
5
Q
What lasting contribution did Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin make under the widow’s leadership?
A
The pupitre and thus remuage
6
Q
What did André François discover?
A
The precise amount of sugar required to induce 2nd fermentation w/o breaking the bottle
7
Q
Approximately how many growers are in Champagne?
A
20000
8
Q
What does Chardonnay lend to a Champagne blend?
A
Elegance and longevity
9
Q
Is malo a universal practice in Champagne?
A
No
10
Q
What is the dominant soil in the Aube?
A
Clay
11
Q
When did “mousseux” first appear in connotation w/the wines of Champagne?
A
- 1724
- Although Champenoise may have enjoyed intentionally sparkling wines as early as 1700
12
Q
Name 7 AOPs for traditional method Crémant in France.
A
- Crémant de Bordeaux
- Crémant de Bourgogne
- Crémant de Loire
- Crémant de Limoux
- Crémant de Die
- Crémant du Jura
- Crémant d’Alsace
13
Q
What moderates the amount of land a firm may farm, owned or rented, in Champagne? What is the max hectares?
A
- Contrôle Structures
- 15 hectares
14
Q
What subsoil is pushed to the surface on Champagne’s slopes?
A
Belemnite Chalk
15
Q
Champagne now accounts for 1 in ___ bottles of sparkling wine produced worldwide?
A
12
16
Q
Who released the first Tête de Cuvée?
A
Moët et Chandon’s 1921 “Dom Pérignon” was released in 1936
17
Q
What is vin clairs?
A
High-acid base wines w/an approximate ABV of 11%
18
Q
What is a bouvreux?
A
- A second crop
- When rain interrupts flowering, a bouvreux results, that rarely ripens and is left on the vine
19
Q
What does Pinot Meunier lend to a Champagne blend?
A
Youthful fruitiness and approachability
20
Q
In 2012, what did Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, and Pinot Meunier plantings account for in Champagne?
A
- Pinot Noir - 38%
- Chardonnay - 30%
- Pinot Meunier - 32%
21
Q
What are the standard bottle sizes larger than a magnum for Champagne?
A
- Jeroboam (3L)
- Rehoboam (4.5L)
- Methusaleh (6L)
- Salmanazar (9L)
- Balthazar (12L)
- Nebuchadnezzar (15L)
- Solomon (18L)
22
Q
Describe the continuous method steps.
A
- Base wine is pumped through a series of interconnected (continuous) tanks
- While undergoing 2nd ferment
- Lees accumulate in the first several tanks
- Offering a high degree of autolyzed flavors than the standard (tank) method
23
Q
What percent of grapes must originate from a grower’s own vineyards for RM?
A
95%
24
Q
How much does the ABV rise during the 2nd fermentation?
A
~1.2-1.3%
25
Name 6 countries major Champagne houses have established outposts in.
- USA
- Australia
- Argentina
- Brazil
- New Zealand
- Ukraine
26
What are the steps of Méthode Champenoise?
- Pressing
- Débourbage
- Chaptalization
- Prim. Fermentation
- Clarification
- Assemblage
- Cold Stabilization
- Racking
- Bottling (liqueur de tirage)
- Prise de Mousse (2nd Ferment)
- Autolysis
- Pointage
- Remuage
- Dégorgement
- Dosage
- Corked w/muselet
27
What is the oldest sparkling Champagne house?
Ruinart - est. in 1729
28
What size bottles is tansvasage permitted for?
Smaller than the half bottle and larger than the Jeroboam
29
What is Méthode Rurale?
Another name for Méthode Ancestrale
30
What is liqueur de tirage?
A mixture of still wine, yeasts, sugar and a fining agent that will serve to ignite the 2nd fermentation
31
What is the prominent grape of Vallée de la Marne?
Pinot Meunier (Frost prone region)
32
What is the first 2,550 L pressed from 4,000kg divided into?
- vin de cuvée (2,050L)
| - vin de taille (500L)
33
How long does remuage take?
- Traditional ~ 8 weeks
| - Modern ~ 1 week
34
What does RC mean?
- Recoltant Coopérateur
| - A grower whose grapes are vinifed at a cooperative, but sell under his own label
35
Name 2 other names for the Charmat Method.
- Cuve Close
| - Tank Method
36
In 1992, what did the CIVC set the limit for grape pressing to?
102L for 160kg (2,550L for 4,000kg)
37
What is another name for the Continuous Method?
Russian Continuous Method
| Developed in the USSR
38
What are the responsibilities for the CIVC?
- Mediating relationships between growers & producers
- Oversee production methods and promotion
- Regulates the size of the harvest
- Authorizes the blocage (reserve) and deblocage (release) of wine/harvest
- Safeguards the protected designation of Champagne
- Until 1990, they regulated the pricing of the grapes
39
What are the 4 vineyards concerns of Champagne?
- Frost
- Rain
- Fungal Disease
- Hail
40
What is a bidule?
A plastic capsule that will serve to capture the sediment during remuage
41
Is a cork used during the second fermentation bottling?
Usually a crown cap, a cork sometimes (i.e. for prestige cuvées)
42
What is Pinot Blanc Vrai?
"True" Pinot Blanc, a white form of Pinot Noir
43
What is a muselet?
A wire cage used to secure the cork on a Champagne bottle
44
How many liters is a Methusaleh?
6 L (8 bottles)
45
Who's 1801 seminal work identified the relationship between sugar and fermentation?
Jean-Antoine Chaptal (Chaptalization)
46
How is the majority of German Sekt produced?
Tank or Continuous Method
47
What is "les bleus de ville"?
Remnants of the blue rags used to ship Parisian compost trash, formerly used for fertilizer
48
What are the two types of dégorgment?
- Dégorgement à la glace - modern
- Dégorgement à la volée - older method
- Same, just no freezing, wine is lost
49
What is the liqueur d'expedition?
Dosage - mixture of wine and sugar syrup
50
What is a Solomon bottle size called in Bordeaux?
Melchior
51
What is a Tête de Cuvée?
A prestige cuvée, usually the pinnacle of quality for a producer
52
What was the first single vineyard Champagne?
1935 Philiponnt "Clos de Goisses"
53
Describe Belemnite Chalk.
- Porous
- Derived from the fossilized remains of millions of cephalopods
- Absorbing heat to protect the vines at night
- Providing excellent drainage
54
What is the pressing limit for Crémant?
100L from 150kg = 2,666L from 4,000kg
55
What is the dominant grape of Côte de Sezanne?
Chardonnay
56
What did the winemaking treatise of 1718 highlight?
Division of quality between vin de cuvée and vin de taille, when pressing red grapes for white juice
57
What did the Champenoise use to color their wines to compete w/the deeper hues of red Burgundy?
Elderberry
58
What is a pupitre?
- Two large wooden planks fastened together in an upright "A" shape
- Each plank has 60 angled holes cut into it
59
What is Rosé de Riceys?
- 100% Pinot Noir Rosé
| - Produced in Les Riceys (Aube)
60
What is remuage?
Riddling
61
In 1985, what change was made to the Échelle de Crus?
A revision set the minimum percentage at 80
62
When did the growers of Champagne revolt?
1911 - rioting in the streets and ransacking houses
63
What is done in Méthode Ancestrale prior to sale?
The wine is disgorged, filtered and rebottled in clean glass
64
What is an autoclave?
A pressurized enamel-lined tank for the 2nd fermentation for the Charmat Method
65
What is "sur latte" and "sur point"?
- "sur latte" - during the 2nd ferment, the bottles are typically horizontal (sur latte)
- "sur point" - the bottles are vertical (sur point) at the end of remuage and rested
66
How many liters is a Balthazar?
12 L (16 bottles)
67
How many liters is a Nebuchadnezzar?
15 L (20 bottles)
68
What are the Grand Crus of Vallée de la Marne?
- Aÿ
| - Tours-sur-Marne (Red grapes only)
69
What is a "marc" of grapes?
4,000kg - the amount held in a traditional basket press (coquard)
70
What are the 5 districts of Champagne?
- Montage de Reims
- Vallée de la Marne
- Cote de Blancs (the Aube)
- Cote de Sézanne
- Cote de Blancs
71
What is assemblage?
blending
72
What bottle size was discontinued in 1989? Why?
- Rehoboam - 4.5L (6 bottles)
| - Regulations state bottles must be in liter increments
73
What pruning methods are permitted in Champagne?
- Cordon de Royat
- Chablis
- Vallée de la Marne
- Double or Simple Guyot
74
What percentage of the blend must come from the stated vintage?
100%
75
What major change in the late 17th century allowed the English to probably have enjoyed the first true sparkling Champagne?
The English transferred Champagne from cask to stronger, coal fired glass that could contain the pressure. Previously, wood-fired glass was used
76
What region outside of France is considered a natural continuation of the chalk in Champagne?
White Cliffs of Dover (England)
77
Why was the CIVC founded?
- Built on the framework of the Commissions de Châlons
- A broader consortium of growers, producers and shippers
- To represent the Champagne industry and protect its interests in the face of Nazi occupation
78
What is transvasage?
Transfer Method
- Remuage is unnecessary, the wine is disgorged into a pressurized tank and filtered
- Dosage is added and the wine is transferred to a clean bottle under pressure
79
What was Dom Pérignon's lasting contribution to Champagne? Where was he the cellar master?
- Blending
| - Abbey of Hautvillers (1668-1715)
80
How many bottles did the Champenoise ship worldwide?
338.7 million
81
What is Coteaux Champenois?
Still red, white & rosé for the entire appellation of Champagne
82
What is the topsoil of most of Champagne?
Sandy and clay
83
When did the INAO decide to meet the burden of demand and broaden the appellation's area? From what to what?
- 2009
| - 319 to 357
84
What portion of the Champagne sold is produced by growers?
Under a quarter
85
Name 6 appellations in France that may be mousseux or pétillant and are produced by the traditional method.
- Vouvray
- Montlouis-sur-Loire
- Saumur
- Vin de Savoie
- Seyssel (Savoie)
- Blanquette de Limoux
86
What are the requirements for Special Club members?
- Viticulture must occur on the estate (only RM producers may join)
- Vinification and bottling must occur on the estate
- The "Special Club" is the top-of-the-range, prestige cuvée for all members
- Must have identical labels and bottle shape
87
What is débourbage?
Settling of the must
88
What direction do the vineyards of the Côte de Blancs face?
Southeast and East
89
What portion of the Champagne market is NV?
three-quarters
90
Is all Cava traditional method?
Yes
91
What does the Charmat Method emphasize in a sparkling wine?
Fruit and varietal aromatics
92
What does CM mean?
- Coopérative Manipulant
| - A growers' co-operative that produces wine under a single brand
93
How many g/L of RS are permitted for Demi-Sec?
- Pre-2010 - 33-50g/l
| - Current - 32-50g/l
94
How many g/L RS are permitted for Doux?
- Pre-2010 - 50+g/L
| - Current - 50+g/L
95
How many g/L of RS is permitted for Extra Brut?
- Pre-2010 - 0-6g/l
| - Current - 0-6g/l
96
What is the second layer soil that characterizes Champagne's valley vineyards?
Micraster Chalk - name for the extinct sea urchin
97
Which Grand Cru is red only? White only?
- Red - Tours-sur-Marne (Vallée de la Marne)
| - White - Chouilly (Côte de Blancs)
98
What percentage of the year's harvest for a single house may be sold as vintage Champagne?
Max 80%
99
When was Champagne delimited? What region was left out? When was it added?
- 1908
- Aube
- 1927
100
What parallel is Champagne located on?
48th
101
What is the mean annual temperature of Champagne?
50ºF (10ºC)
102
What does MA mean?
- Marque d'Acheteur
- A "buyer's own brand", often a large supermarket chain or restaurant, that purchases Champagne and sells it under its own label
103
What vintage during WWI (1914-1918) was considered one of the finest vintages of the century?
1914
104
What was the Commissions de Châlons?
- Predecessor to the CIVC
- Est. in 1935
- A consortium of growers and merchants
- Formed to develop quality standards and regulate pricing
105
When was compost fertilizer outlawed in Champagne?
1998
106
What is a matriculation number?
A series of digits that is a unique ID assigned to each producer by the CIVC
107
How many half twists are used to secure the muselet?
6
108
What is the Prise de Mousse?
Second Fermentation
109
How many liters is a Solomon?
18L (24 bottles)
110
The early unpredictability of sparkling wines created a need for terminology, what were those terms?
- Pétillant
- Demi-Mousseux (Crémant)
- Grand Mousseux
111
What is the "Club Trésors"? When was it organized?
- Special Club
| - 1971
112
What is the Special Club?
- A dozen grower-producers
- Lacking marketing budgets of larger houses, they banded together to promote their prestige cuvées through identical packaging
113
How long must NV wines spend on their lees?
12 months
114
How many atmospheres of pressure are in a Champagne bottle?
5-6
115
What are bourbes?
Solids, generally removed by racking prior to fermentation
116
What does ND mean?
- Négociant Distributeur
| - A middle man company that distributes Champagne it did not make
117
How long must NV wines remain in the cellar? Vintage?
- 15 months
| - 36 months
118
How many g/l of RS are permitted for Extra Dry?
- Pre-2010 - 12-20g/l
| - Current - 12-17g/l
119
What is a remuer?
A riddler
120
What are the sweetness levels for Champagne?
- Extra Brut
- Brut
- Extra Dry
- Sec
- Demi-Sec
- Doux
121
What percentage of vineyards do merchant houses own in Champagne?
Just over 10%
122
What is the oldest Champagne house still in operation today?
- Gosset
| - Est. in 1584 as a still wine producer
123
Who developed the Charmat Method in the late 20th century?
Eugene Charmat
124
What is a Piccolo?
A quarter bottle - 187ml
125
What does NM mean?
- Négociant Manipulant
| - A house that purchases base wines and grapes from growers and smaller houses
126
What are the obscure authorized varieties of Champagne?
- Pinot Blanc Vrai
- Arbane
- Pinot Gris
- Petit Meslier
127
Must a prestige cuvée be vintage?
Usually (but not always)
128
In 2006, what were the yields in Champagne?
They surpassed 82hl/ha
129
What is the average vine age in Champagne?
20 years - as lowered productivity is undesirable to most houses in Champagne
130
Name 5 important Special Club members.
- Marc Hébrat
- Paul Bara
- J. Lassalle
- Gaston Chiquet
- Pierre Gimonnet
131
What are the still wine appellations of Champagne?
- Coteaux Champenois
| - Rosé de Ricey
132
What coloring methods are permitted for pink Champagne?
- Saignée
| - Blending (more common)
133
How many liters is a Salmanazar?
9L (12 bottles)
134
What does SR mean?
- Société de Récoltants
- A firm, not a co-operative, set up by a union of often related growers who share resources to make their wines and collectively market several brands
135
What does Pinot Noir lend to a Champagne blend?
Supports the wine's structure, richness and body
136
How many bottles does a gyropalette hold?
504
137
From 2010 forward, producers are allowed what margin for g/l RS for styles?
+/- 3 g/l of RS
138
What is the wire cage used to secure the cork called?
muselet
139
How many g/l of RS are permitted for Sec?
- Pre-2010 - 17-35g/l
| - Current - 17-32g/l
140
At what pressure is the Charmat 2nd fermentation stopped? How?
- Usually 5 atmospheres
| - Chilling the wine to arrest the fermentation
141
Where did Otto Klaebisch, the weinführer, take residence during WWII?
Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin Estate
142
What does CIVC stand for? When was it founded?
- Comité Interprofessional du Vin de Champagne
| - 1941, by Count Robert-Jean Vogüé of Moët et Chandon
143
What are the 3 extractions in the pressing process called?
- vin de cuvée
- vin de taille
- rebêche
144
What are the Grand Crus of Montagne de Reims (north to south)?
- Sillery
- Puisieulx
- Beaumont-sur-Vesle
- Verzenay
- Mailly
- Verzy (added in 1985)
- Louvois
- Bouzy
- Ambonnay
145
How many g/l of RS is permitted for Brut?
- Pre-2010 - 0-15g/l
| - Current - 0-12g/l
146
How many liters is the extraordinarily rare Primat? What is it also known as?
- AKA Goliath
| - 27L (36 bottles)
147
How long is Asti DOCG required to remain in tank?
1 month
148
What two premier crus have a 99% ranking échelle?
- Mareuil-sur-Aÿ (Vallée de la Marne)
| - Tauxières (Montagne de Reims)
149
Is a dosage allowed for méthode ancestrale wines?
No, RS of the finished wines vary by appellation
150
What is rebêche?
- The third extraction
- Required by law and must comprise 1-10% of the total pressing
- Used for distillate
151
What is the Échelle de Crus?
- A percentile system by which the villages, or crus, of Champagne are rated
- Grand Cru = 100%
- Premier Cru = 99-90%
152
What does RM mean?
- Récoltant Manipulant
| - A grower-producer who makes Champagne from estate-grown fruit
153
Who released the first brut Champagne? When?
- Pommery "Nature"
| - 1874
154
When is the additional acreage added to Champagne forecasted to affect sales?
2021
155
What grape is prominent in the Montagne de Reims?
Pinot Noir
156
How many liters is a Jeroboam?
3L (4 bottles)
157
Name 3 examples of Méthode Ancestrale.
- Bugey de Cerdon
- Clairette de Die Méthode Dioise Ancestrale
- Gaillac Mousseux Méthode Gaillaçoise
158
Who were the major suppliers to domestic markets in France in the 2nd half the 20th century?
co-operatives
159
When did Champagne receive AOC status? What is unique about Champagne's AOC status?
- 1936
| - It is the only AOC/AOP that does not need to be included on the label
160
What are the Grand Crus of the Côte de Blancs (North to South)?
- Chouilly (White grapes, added in 1985)
- Oiry (1985)
- Cramant
- Avize
- Oger (1985)
- Le Mesnil-sur-Oger (1985)
161
What does Pinot Meunier mean?
"Miller's" Pinot - in reference to the dusty leaves
162
What is "pointage"?
A brisk shake to prevent the sediment from sticking to the sides of the bottle during remuage
-Newer strains generally preclude the need
163
What important houses were founded in the 18th century?
- Ruinart
- Taittinger
- Moët et Chandon
- Delamotte
- Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin
164
What is the name of the Veuve Clicquot?
Madame Barbe-Nicole Ponsardin
165
Name 2 wineries leading the way in England sparkling wine.
Located in Sussex
- Ridgeview Estate
- Nyetimber
166
How long does the 2nd fermentation last?
Up to 8 weeks
167
Name 4 Champagne producers that disgorge late.
- Bollinger "RD" (Récemment Dégorge)
- Jacquesson "DT" (Dégorgement Tardif)
- Dom Pérignon "Oenotheque"
- Bruno Paillard
168
What is a half bottle called?
Demi
169
How many liters is the extraordinarily rare Sovereign?
25 L (33.33 bottles)
