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Portugal - Brainscape Flashcards

1
Q

How long must espumanto DO Douro wines be on their lees? What is the min abv?

A
  • 9 mos on lees

- 11% ABV

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2
Q

Foritifed Port from the Douro DOP is released as what DOP?

A

Porto DOP

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3
Q

What % of the Douro’s wines are released as Porto?

A

Approximately 50%

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4
Q

How long must the wines of Setúbal be aged? How long are some aged?

A
  • Min 18 months

- In large wooden cask, up to 5 years, some for upwards of 20 years

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5
Q

Describe the red and white styles of Carcavelos DOP.

A

(Lisboa IGP)
The wines are fermented dry, then fortified and sweet with vinho abafado, after fortification the wines are aged for two years in wood and 6 months in bottle

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6
Q

What is Aragonez?

A

Tempranillo

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7
Q

What two wines benefited from the “torna viagem” (round trip) maturation process, in the heyday of Portugal’s fortified wine trade?

A

Madeira and Setúbal

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8
Q

When was Setúbal demarcated?

A

1907 - one of Portugal’s first

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9
Q

What two companies alongside Port became the face of Portuguese wines worldwide post WWII?

A
  • Mateus
  • Lancers
  • For sweet, semi-sparkling rosés
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10
Q

What are the 6 sub-regions of Do Tejo DOP?

A
  • Coruche
  • Cartaxo
  • Santarém
  • Tomar
  • Chamusca
  • Almerim
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11
Q

What styles and from what grapes are produced in DO Tejo DOP?

A

White wines outnumber reds & rosados

White - Fernão Pires
Red - Castelão

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12
Q

What IGP covers 30% of Portugal’s land mass?

A

Alentejano IGP

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13
Q

What DOP of Lisboa produces aguardente?

A

Lourinã

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14
Q

What are the sub-regions of Encostas de Aire DOP?

A
  • Ourém

- Alcobaça

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15
Q

Where is the Transmontana IGP located?

A
  • East of Minho
  • Along the Spanish border
  • North of Duriense
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16
Q

What are the 3 non-contiguous sub-regions of the Trás-os-Montes DOP?

A
  • Chaves
  • Valpaços
  • Planalto Mirandés
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17
Q

What does “garrafeira” mean on a Portuguese table wine label?

A
  • “Private Wines Cellar” - indicating a min period of aging prior to release
  • Tinto - min 30 mos (12 mos in btl)
  • Branco/Rosado - min 12 mos (6 mos in btl)
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18
Q

What is the min % of grapes grown in a stated region for a Portuguese wine?

A

85.00%

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19
Q

What does “garrafeira” mean on a port wine label? Who pioneered it?

A
  • Following a few years in barrel, it is aged for a min of 8 years in glass demijohns
  • Niepoort
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20
Q

What DOP provides the best terroir for Castelão? What % is required?

A 
Palmela DOP (sandy plains)
Min 66.7% required
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21
Q

What are the two major grapes of Palmela DOP white wines?

A

White wines are typically blended with high proportions of Fernão Pires and Arinto

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22
Q

What red grape is a signature component of Dão red blends?

A

Touriga Nacional

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23
Q

What is the most planted grape in the Dão?

A

Jaen (Mencia)

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24
Q

What 3 DOPs near Lisbon are slowly disappearing due to the expanding urban population?

A
  • Bucelas
  • Colares
  • Carcavelos
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25
Q

How many of the 9 Azores Islands have DOP zones? What are they?

A

3 of the 9

  • Pico (fortified)
  • Biscoitos (fortified)
  • Graciosa (Dry whites)
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26
Q

What are the DOPs of Terras do Dão IGP?

A
  • Dão DOP

- Lafões DOP

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27
Q

Where is Bairrada DOP? What is it’s sole subzone?

A
  • Beira Atlântico

- Terras do Sicó

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28
Q

What styles of wine are permitted under the Palmela DOP?

A

White, red, rosado, frisante, espumante, and licoroso

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29
Q

The liberal encepagement of Palmela allows for what international white and red varieties?

A

Cab Sauv, Chard, Sémillon, Syrah, Sauv Blanc, Merlot and Tannat

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30
Q

What is the purpose of enforcado? How much of the vines of Vinho Verde are grown this way?

A
  • Reducing risk of fungal disease and allowing crops to be cultivated below the vines, creating a dense farming region
  • Less than 10% of the vines are still trained in this method
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31
Q

Where are the finest examples of Arinto produced?

A

Bucelas (Lisboa)

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32
Q

What is the min and max abv of Carcavelos DOP?

A

min 15% - max 22%

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33
Q

What is vinho abafado?

A

Partially fermented must preserved with alcohol used for fortification in Carcavelos DOP?

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34
Q

What style of wines are produced in the Bairrada DOP? What style is dominant?

A

Red (dominant), white and rosado

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35
Q

What 3 regions is Touriga Nacional “valued” in Portugal?

A
  • Dão
  • Douro
  • Alentejano
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36
Q

In Bairrada, what soils are the red and white grapes planted on, respectively?

A
  • Red - barros (clay)

- White - sandy soils

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37
Q

What are Colheita Tardia?

A

Late harvest wines of Portugal

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38
Q

What is the historical nexus of commercial trade for Port?

A

Oporto

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39
Q

What is Portugal’s largest DOP?

A

Vinho Verde (15% of the total vineyard acreage)

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40
Q

What ships were traditionally used to transport port casks in from Pinhão (Cima Corgo) downriver to Villa Nova de Gaia?

A

Barco Rabelo

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41
Q

When were the monopolastic demands of the Port trade ended?

A

1986 - with membership in to the EU

-All port wines has been required by law to be aged and shipped from Villa Nova de Gaia

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42
Q

What are 2 synonyms for Touriga Nacional?

A
  • Bical Tinto

- Mortágua Preto

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43
Q

What is enforcado?

A

A traditional vine training method in Vinho Verde. Vines grow off the ground, up trees, stakes and telephone pols, creating overhead canopies.

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44
Q

What style of wine is produced in the Biscoitos DOP of the Azores Island of Terceira? What are the authorized grapes?

A

Fortified whites from Verdelho, Arinto and Terrantez

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45
Q

What style of wine is produced from the Graciosa DOP of the Azores Island?

A

Dry white table wine

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46
Q

What is the most planted white variety of Vinho Verde?

A

Loureiro

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47
Q

What town of Vinho Verde is directly across the Minho river from Rias Baixas’ Condado do Tea?

A

Monção

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48
Q

What important sub-region of Vinho Verde is producing quality Alvarinho?

A

Monção e Melgaço

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49
Q

What are the two DOPs of Península do Setúbal IGP?

A

Setúbal DOP

Palmela DOP

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50
Q

What two estuaries define the Península do Setúbal?

A

Tagus and Sado

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51
Q

What are the best 5 red grapes for the Douro and Porto?

A
  • Touriga Nacional
  • Touriga Franca
  • Tinta Roriz
  • Tinta Cão
  • Tinta Barroca
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52
Q

What 4 white grapes are the best for production in the Douro & Porto?

A
  • Malvasia Fina
  • Vosinho
  • Rabigato
  • Gouveio
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53
Q

What was the Douro Wine Company initally?

A
  • Charged with eliminating fraud and installing regulatory measures
  • Established the boundaries and practices of the Douro appellation in 1756
  • Developed a methodology for grading Port vineyards
  • Authorized individual farmer’s production allotment based on vineyard’s grade
  • Regulated grape prices
  • Fixed pricing on finished wines
  • Managed exports
  • Monopolized the sale of aguardente
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54
Q

What wines are produced under the Douro DOP?

A

Table wines & Moscatel do Douro (Licoroso and rare)

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55
Q

What is the Portuguese term for fortified?

A

Licoroso

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56
Q

What has the Douro Wine Company survived as today?

A

The Royal Oporto Wine Co

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57
Q

What style of wines are produced in Bucelas? From what grape?

A

Dry white - min 75% Arinto

58
Q

What si the sole DOP of Alentejano?

A

Alentejo DOP

59
Q

Who is the largest producer of Setúbal?

A

J.M. da Fonseca

60
Q

What is the sole DOP of the Tejo IGP?

A

Do Tejo DOP

61
Q

What is required of Douro wines to be labeled “Reserva”?

A

White/Rosada - min 11.5% abv - 6 mos aging

Red - min 12% abv - 1 year of aging

62
Q

What is major red grape of the Bairrada DOP? What are the blending requirements?

A 
Baga (min 50%)
May be supported with:
-Touriga Nacional
-Camarate
-Castelão
-Jaen
-Alfrocheiro
63
Q

What white grapes are used in the Bairrada DOP?

A
  • Maria Gomes (AKA Fernão Pires)

- Arinto

64
Q

What is the difference between Cercial and Sercial?

A
  • Sercial is a highly acidic grape prized for dry Madeira, aka Esgana Cão
  • Cercial is used for white wines in Dão, Douro and Bairrada
  • The two grapes are genetically distinct
65
Q

What grapes are used for Colares reds and whites?

A

Reds:
-“chão de areia” - min 80% Ramisco
-“chão rija” - min 80% Castelão
White - min 80% Malvasia

66
Q

Who originally bottled the “perequita” wine?

A
  • J.M. da Fonseca
  • It was Castelão intended to be the “Perequita” brand
  • Other producers began bottling Castelão under Perequita as a synonym for the grape
  • J.M. da Fonseca successfully contested in court
67
Q

What % of acreage does Touriga Nacional account for in Portugal? Where did it originate?

A
  • 10%

- Dão

68
Q

What volcanic islands are located 1,000 miles off the coast of Portugal?

A

Açores Islands

69
Q

Who manages the appellation and regulations for Port today?

A

Douro Port Wine Institute (IVDP)

70
Q

The Terras Madeirenses IGP covers what two inhabited isles of the Madeira archipelago?

A

Madeira and Porto Santo

71
Q

What DOP of Madeira is for unfortified wines? What colors are permitted?

A

Madeirense DOP

Red, white, rosado

72
Q

What is Vinhos ao Roda?

A

Madeira that had undergone the “torna viagem” (round trip)

73
Q

What does “Reserva” mean on still or sparkling wine labels in Portugal?

A

Still - indicating at least 0.5% abv higher than the legal min established by the DOP or IGP (stricter DOP reqs may apply)

Sparkling - 12 months on the lees prior to disgorgement

74
Q

What does “Colheita Seleccionada” mean on a Portuguese wine label?

A

It indicates a 1% higher abv than established by the regional appellation

75
Q

What is the Portuguese term for varietal?

A

Casta

76
Q

What is the most widely cultivated red grape in Portugal? Where did it originate?

A
  • Castelão

- Tejo

77
Q

What are the important red varieties of Trás-os-Montes?

A
  • Touriga Nacional
  • Tinta Roriz
  • Bastardo
  • Touriga Fracesa
  • Trincadeira
78
Q

What are the min ABVs for Douro DOP wines?

A
  • White/Rosado - 10.5%
  • Red - 11%
  • Moscatel do Douro - 16.5%
79
Q

What is the most important white grape of Alentejano?

A

Antão Vaz

80
Q

What is Alfrocheiro?

A

A promising red grape, planted primarily in the Dão and Alentejano

81
Q

What grapes are used for Carcavelos DOP reds?

A

min 75% combined Castelão & Preto Martinho

82
Q

What grape is used for Moscatel do Douro?

A

Mocsatel Galego (Muscat à Petits Grains)

83
Q

What region of Portugal has ungrafted Ramisco? What is the name of the soil here?

A
  • Colares - sandy soils protected against phylloxera

- “chão de areia”

84
Q

What is Fernão Pires? What is it also known as? Where are the plantings concentrated?

A
  • White casta
  • AKA Maria Gomes in Bairrada
  • Found throughout Portugal; concentrated in Bairrada and the southern plains of the Tejo
85
Q

What styles and from what grapes are the wines of Setúbal DOP?

A
  • Licoros Branco - min 67% Moscatel de Setúbal (Muscat d’Alexandria)
  • Licoroso Tinto - min 67% Moscatel Galego Roxo
86
Q

What are the important white varieties of Trás-os-Montes?

A
  • Fernão Pires
  • Síria
  • Viosinho
  • Gouveio
  • Malvasia Fina
  • Rabigato
87
Q

What is the Terras do Sado now known as?

A

Península de Setúbal

88
Q

As of 2011, how many IGPs are in Portugal? What are they?

A

14

  • Minho
  • Transmontano
  • Terras do Dão
  • Terras de Cister
  • Terras do Beira
  • Beira Atlântico
  • Tejo
  • Alentejano
  • Península de Setúbal
  • Algarve
  • Terras Madeirenses
  • Açores Islands
89
Q

What are “bon bons”?

A

Glass demijohns used to age port

90
Q

What color wines are mostly produced in Alentejano DOP? From what grapes?

A
  • Reds exceed whites

- Trincadeira

91
Q

What is Trousseau known as in Portugal?

A

Bastardo

92
Q

What are the 8 sub-zones of Alentejano DOP?

A
  • Moura
  • Granja-Amareleja
  • Évora
  • Vidigueira
  • Reguengos
  • Redondo
  • Borba
  • Portalegre
93
Q

What region of Portugal has widespread Quercus Suber trees?

A

Alentejo

94
Q

What DOP and IGP share the exact same boundaries in the northwest of Portugal?

A
  • Minho IGP

- Vinho Verde DOP

95
Q

What style of wine is produced on the Pico DOP of Azores? What are the requirements?

A
  • Fortified whites
  • min 16% abv after fortification
  • min 3 years in barrel
  • Grapes: Verderlho, Arinto, and Terrantez
96
Q

What is Trincadeira also known as?

A

Tinta Amarela

97
Q

What are the 4 DOPs of Algarve?

A
  • Lagos
  • Portimão
  • Lagoa
  • Tavira
98
Q

What industry dominates Algarve?

A

Resort tourism

99
Q

What is “Vinhos Canteiro”?

A

Madeira that was matured on the island

100
Q

What are the 7 sub-regions of the Dão?

A
  • Sierra de Estrela
  • Alva
  • Besteiros
  • Castendo
  • Silgueiros
  • Terras de Azurara
  • Terras de Senhorim
101
Q

What styles of wine are produced in the Dão?

A

Red, white, rosado, “novo” tino (nouveau), espumante

-red accounts for 3/4

102
Q

What is the max % of experimental grapes (cabernet of Sémillon) that can be used in a blend in the Dão?

A

40% of the blend

103
Q

What is the synonym for Sercial?

A

Esgana Cão (the dog strangler)

104
Q

What grapes may be used for “Bairrada Classico”? What is the min abv?

A
  • Baga, Alfrocheiro, Camarate, Castelão, Jaen, and Touriga Nacional
  • min 12.5% abv
105
Q

What are the 9 DOPs of Lisboa?

A
  • Bucelas
  • Colares
  • Carcavelos
  • Arruda
  • Torres Vedras
  • Alenquer
  • Óbidos
  • Lourinhã
  • Encostas de Aire
106
Q

How do the whites and reds from Vinho Verde become pétillant?

A
  • Whites - generally a carbon dioxide injection prior to bottling
  • Reds - from a malo-fermentation in the bottle
107
Q

What was the only Portuguese region spared from phylloxera?

A

Colares

108
Q

What are the recommended red grapes for the Dão?

A
  • Touriga Nacional
  • Jaen
  • Touriga Franca
  • Alfrocheiro
  • Aragonez
  • Bastardo
  • Rufete
  • Trincadeira
  • Tinta Cão
109
Q

What are the subregions of Vinho Verde?

A

(North to South)

  • Monçao e Melgaço
  • Lima
  • Cávado
  • Basto
  • Ave
  • Sousa
  • Amarante
  • Baião
  • Paiva
110
Q

What region contains the Douro Valley?

A

Duriense

111
Q

What was Portugal’s first demarcated wine region?

A

Douro DOP was also one of the first recognized in Europe and is also a UNESCO Heritage Site

112
Q

What is the southernmost IGP of Portugal?

A

Algarve

113
Q

What variety is highly regarded by the producers of Vinho Verde?

A

Alvarinho

114
Q

Who pioneered the style of dry Douro table wines?

A

Ferreira - in 1952, with the launch of Barca Velha

115
Q

What port houses are making good table wines?

A
  • Niepoort
  • Quinta do Crasto
  • Ramos Pinto
116
Q

What is required for licoroso wines of Setúbal to be labeled by variety?

A

min 85% of stated grape

117
Q

What is the most promising sub-zone of Alentejo DOP?

A

Portalegre

118
Q

What region were Douro and Porto par of, prior to the creation of the Duriense IGP?

A

Transmontano

119
Q

Can Moscatel do Douro carry an age designation in the manner of Tawny port?

A

yes

120
Q

What is the Madeira regulatory body?

A

IVBAM

121
Q

What was Do Tejo DOP formerly known as?

A

Ribatejo

122
Q

What grapes are used for Carcavelos DOP whites?

A

Blends of Arinto, Galego Dourado, and Ratinho

123
Q

What red grapes are grown in Vinho Verde?

A
  • Vinhão (a teinturier grape)
  • Espadeiro
  • Borraçal
  • Alvarelhão
124
Q

How does Portugal rank globalley in production and consumption?

A

Production - 11th

Consumption - 7th per capita

125
Q

Who founded the Kopke Port house? When?

A
  • Christian Kopke (a German)

- 1638 (4 decades before the first shipment to England)

126
Q

What 3 English Port houses were established by 1700?

A

Warre & Co
Croft
Taylor’s

127
Q

What is the Península de Setúbal IGP formerly known as?

A

Terras do Sado

128
Q

What white grape produces noble white wines in the Dão?

A

Encruzado

129
Q

What is Companhia Geral dos Vinhos do Alto Douro?

A

Douro Wine Co

130
Q

What is important about Quinta do Vale Meãd?

A
  • A 270 ha Douro Superior estate formerly the primary source of Barca Velha (the first table wine of the Douro)
  • Has established itself as one of the region’s young cult stars
131
Q

What are the recommended white grapes for the Dão?

A
  • Encruzado
  • Bical
  • Cercial
  • A number of additional grapes are authorized but not “recommended”
132
Q

How long must Moscatel do Douro be aged?

A

18 months

133
Q

What grapes dominate Algarve’s production?

A

Red - Castelão, Tinta Negra Mole

White - Arinto, Síria

134
Q

What is required for Douro wines to be labeled as “Grande Reserva”?

A

They must meet the “reserva” criteria and they must score exceptionally well when being certified in the mandatory IVDP blind tasting

135
Q

What Geisenheim crossing produces small amounts of wine on Madeira?

A

Arnsburger

136
Q

What is the preferred soil type in the Douro?

A

Schist

137
Q

What are the 3 sub-zones of the Douro?

A
  • Baixo Corgo
  • Cima Corgo
  • Douro Superior
138
Q

What 4 new IGPs were established in 2011 for Beiras?

A
  • Terras do Dão
  • Terras de Cister
  • Terras da Beira
  • Beira Atlântico
139
Q

What dOP of Terras de Cister IGP is a center for sparkling wine production?

A

Távora-Varosa DOP

140
Q

What is the harder soil type further inland in the Colares DOP? What is grown there?

A

Chão rija - Castelão

141
Q

How long are the wines of Setúbal usually macerated?

A

Up to 6 months - following fermentation and fortification

142
Q

Where is the Beira Interior DOP located What are it’s 3 subzones?

A

Terras da Beira IGP

  • Beira Castelo Rodrigo
  • Cova da Beira
  • Pinhel

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