Portugal - Brainscape Flashcards
1
Q
How long must espumanto DO Douro wines be on their lees? What is the min abv?
A
- 9 mos on lees
- 11% ABV
2
Q
Foritifed Port from the Douro DOP is released as what DOP?
A
Porto DOP
3
Q
What % of the Douro’s wines are released as Porto?
A
Approximately 50%
4
Q
How long must the wines of Setúbal be aged? How long are some aged?
A
- Min 18 months
- In large wooden cask, up to 5 years, some for upwards of 20 years
5
Q
Describe the red and white styles of Carcavelos DOP.
A
(Lisboa IGP)
The wines are fermented dry, then fortified and sweet with vinho abafado, after fortification the wines are aged for two years in wood and 6 months in bottle
6
Q
What is Aragonez?
A
Tempranillo
7
Q
What two wines benefited from the “torna viagem” (round trip) maturation process, in the heyday of Portugal’s fortified wine trade?
A
Madeira and Setúbal
8
Q
When was Setúbal demarcated?
A
1907 - one of Portugal’s first
9
Q
What two companies alongside Port became the face of Portuguese wines worldwide post WWII?
A
- Mateus
- Lancers
- For sweet, semi-sparkling rosés
10
Q
What are the 6 sub-regions of Do Tejo DOP?
A
- Coruche
- Cartaxo
- Santarém
- Tomar
- Chamusca
- Almerim
11
Q
What styles and from what grapes are produced in DO Tejo DOP?
A
White wines outnumber reds & rosados
White - Fernão Pires
Red - Castelão
12
Q
What IGP covers 30% of Portugal’s land mass?
A
Alentejano IGP
13
Q
What DOP of Lisboa produces aguardente?
A
Lourinã
14
Q
What are the sub-regions of Encostas de Aire DOP?
A
- Ourém
- Alcobaça
15
Q
Where is the Transmontana IGP located?
A
- East of Minho
- Along the Spanish border
- North of Duriense
16
Q
What are the 3 non-contiguous sub-regions of the Trás-os-Montes DOP?
A
- Chaves
- Valpaços
- Planalto Mirandés
17
Q
What does “garrafeira” mean on a Portuguese table wine label?
A
- “Private Wines Cellar” - indicating a min period of aging prior to release
- Tinto - min 30 mos (12 mos in btl)
- Branco/Rosado - min 12 mos (6 mos in btl)
18
Q
What is the min % of grapes grown in a stated region for a Portuguese wine?
A
85.00%
19
Q
What does “garrafeira” mean on a port wine label? Who pioneered it?
A
- Following a few years in barrel, it is aged for a min of 8 years in glass demijohns
- Niepoort
20
Q
What DOP provides the best terroir for Castelão? What % is required?
A
Palmela DOP (sandy plains) Min 66.7% required
21
Q
What are the two major grapes of Palmela DOP white wines?
A
White wines are typically blended with high proportions of Fernão Pires and Arinto
22
Q
What red grape is a signature component of Dão red blends?
A
Touriga Nacional
23
Q
What is the most planted grape in the Dão?
A
Jaen (Mencia)
24
Q
What 3 DOPs near Lisbon are slowly disappearing due to the expanding urban population?
A
- Bucelas
- Colares
- Carcavelos
25
How many of the 9 Azores Islands have DOP zones? What are they?
3 of the 9
- Pico (fortified)
- Biscoitos (fortified)
- Graciosa (Dry whites)
26
What are the DOPs of Terras do Dão IGP?
- Dão DOP
| - Lafões DOP
27
Where is Bairrada DOP? What is it's sole subzone?
- Beira Atlântico
| - Terras do Sicó
28
What styles of wine are permitted under the Palmela DOP?
White, red, rosado, frisante, espumante, and licoroso
29
The liberal encepagement of Palmela allows for what international white and red varieties?
Cab Sauv, Chard, Sémillon, Syrah, Sauv Blanc, Merlot and Tannat
30
What is the purpose of enforcado? How much of the vines of Vinho Verde are grown this way?
- Reducing risk of fungal disease and allowing crops to be cultivated below the vines, creating a dense farming region
- Less than 10% of the vines are still trained in this method
31
Where are the finest examples of Arinto produced?
Bucelas (Lisboa)
32
What is the min and max abv of Carcavelos DOP?
min 15% - max 22%
33
What is vinho abafado?
Partially fermented must preserved with alcohol used for fortification in Carcavelos DOP?
34
What style of wines are produced in the Bairrada DOP? What style is dominant?
Red (dominant), white and rosado
35
What 3 regions is Touriga Nacional "valued" in Portugal?
- Dão
- Douro
- Alentejano
36
In Bairrada, what soils are the red and white grapes planted on, respectively?
- Red - barros (clay)
| - White - sandy soils
37
What are Colheita Tardia?
Late harvest wines of Portugal
38
What is the historical nexus of commercial trade for Port?
Oporto
39
What is Portugal's largest DOP?
Vinho Verde (15% of the total vineyard acreage)
40
What ships were traditionally used to transport port casks in from Pinhão (Cima Corgo) downriver to Villa Nova de Gaia?
Barco Rabelo
41
When were the monopolastic demands of the Port trade ended?
1986 - with membership in to the EU
| -All port wines has been required by law to be aged and shipped from Villa Nova de Gaia
42
What are 2 synonyms for Touriga Nacional?
- Bical Tinto
| - Mortágua Preto
43
What is enforcado?
A traditional vine training method in Vinho Verde. Vines grow off the ground, up trees, stakes and telephone pols, creating overhead canopies.
44
What style of wine is produced in the Biscoitos DOP of the Azores Island of Terceira? What are the authorized grapes?
Fortified whites from Verdelho, Arinto and Terrantez
45
What style of wine is produced from the Graciosa DOP of the Azores Island?
Dry white table wine
46
What is the most planted white variety of Vinho Verde?
Loureiro
47
What town of Vinho Verde is directly across the Minho river from Rias Baixas' Condado do Tea?
Monção
48
What important sub-region of Vinho Verde is producing quality Alvarinho?
Monção e Melgaço
49
What are the two DOPs of Península do Setúbal IGP?
Setúbal DOP
| Palmela DOP
50
What two estuaries define the Península do Setúbal?
Tagus and Sado
51
What are the best 5 red grapes for the Douro and Porto?
- Touriga Nacional
- Touriga Franca
- Tinta Roriz
- Tinta Cão
- Tinta Barroca
52
What 4 white grapes are the best for production in the Douro & Porto?
- Malvasia Fina
- Vosinho
- Rabigato
- Gouveio
53
What was the Douro Wine Company initally?
- Charged with eliminating fraud and installing regulatory measures
- Established the boundaries and practices of the Douro appellation in 1756
- Developed a methodology for grading Port vineyards
- Authorized individual farmer's production allotment based on vineyard's grade
- Regulated grape prices
- Fixed pricing on finished wines
- Managed exports
- Monopolized the sale of aguardente
54
What wines are produced under the Douro DOP?
Table wines & Moscatel do Douro (Licoroso and rare)
55
What is the Portuguese term for fortified?
Licoroso
56
What has the Douro Wine Company survived as today?
The Royal Oporto Wine Co
57
What style of wines are produced in Bucelas? From what grape?
Dry white - min 75% Arinto
58
What si the sole DOP of Alentejano?
Alentejo DOP
59
Who is the largest producer of Setúbal?
J.M. da Fonseca
60
What is the sole DOP of the Tejo IGP?
Do Tejo DOP
61
What is required of Douro wines to be labeled "Reserva"?
White/Rosada - min 11.5% abv - 6 mos aging
| Red - min 12% abv - 1 year of aging
62
What is major red grape of the Bairrada DOP? What are the blending requirements?
```
Baga (min 50%)
May be supported with:
-Touriga Nacional
-Camarate
-Castelão
-Jaen
-Alfrocheiro
```
63
What white grapes are used in the Bairrada DOP?
- Maria Gomes (AKA Fernão Pires)
| - Arinto
64
What is the difference between Cercial and Sercial?
- Sercial is a highly acidic grape prized for dry Madeira, aka Esgana Cão
- Cercial is used for white wines in Dão, Douro and Bairrada
- The two grapes are genetically distinct
65
What grapes are used for Colares reds and whites?
Reds:
-"chão de areia" - min 80% Ramisco
-"chão rija" - min 80% Castelão
White - min 80% Malvasia
66
Who originally bottled the "perequita" wine?
- J.M. da Fonseca
- It was Castelão intended to be the "Perequita" brand
- Other producers began bottling Castelão under Perequita as a synonym for the grape
- J.M. da Fonseca successfully contested in court
67
What % of acreage does Touriga Nacional account for in Portugal? Where did it originate?
- 10%
| - Dão
68
What volcanic islands are located 1,000 miles off the coast of Portugal?
Açores Islands
69
Who manages the appellation and regulations for Port today?
Douro Port Wine Institute (IVDP)
70
The Terras Madeirenses IGP covers what two inhabited isles of the Madeira archipelago?
Madeira and Porto Santo
71
What DOP of Madeira is for unfortified wines? What colors are permitted?
Madeirense DOP
| Red, white, rosado
72
What is Vinhos ao Roda?
Madeira that had undergone the "torna viagem" (round trip)
73
What does "Reserva" mean on still or sparkling wine labels in Portugal?
Still - indicating at least 0.5% abv higher than the legal min established by the DOP or IGP (stricter DOP reqs may apply)
Sparkling - 12 months on the lees prior to disgorgement
74
What does "Colheita Seleccionada" mean on a Portuguese wine label?
It indicates a 1% higher abv than established by the regional appellation
75
What is the Portuguese term for varietal?
Casta
76
What is the most widely cultivated red grape in Portugal? Where did it originate?
- Castelão
| - Tejo
77
What are the important red varieties of Trás-os-Montes?
- Touriga Nacional
- Tinta Roriz
- Bastardo
- Touriga Fracesa
- Trincadeira
78
What are the min ABVs for Douro DOP wines?
- White/Rosado - 10.5%
- Red - 11%
- Moscatel do Douro - 16.5%
79
What is the most important white grape of Alentejano?
Antão Vaz
80
What is Alfrocheiro?
A promising red grape, planted primarily in the Dão and Alentejano
81
What grapes are used for Carcavelos DOP reds?
min 75% combined Castelão & Preto Martinho
82
What grape is used for Moscatel do Douro?
Mocsatel Galego (Muscat à Petits Grains)
83
What region of Portugal has ungrafted Ramisco? What is the name of the soil here?
- Colares - sandy soils protected against phylloxera
| - "chão de areia"
84
What is Fernão Pires? What is it also known as? Where are the plantings concentrated?
- White casta
- AKA Maria Gomes in Bairrada
- Found throughout Portugal; concentrated in Bairrada and the southern plains of the Tejo
85
What styles and from what grapes are the wines of Setúbal DOP?
- Licoros Branco - min 67% Moscatel de Setúbal (Muscat d'Alexandria)
- Licoroso Tinto - min 67% Moscatel Galego Roxo
86
What are the important white varieties of Trás-os-Montes?
- Fernão Pires
- Síria
- Viosinho
- Gouveio
- Malvasia Fina
- Rabigato
87
What is the Terras do Sado now known as?
Península de Setúbal
88
As of 2011, how many IGPs are in Portugal? What are they?
14
- Minho
- Transmontano
- Terras do Dão
- Terras de Cister
- Terras do Beira
- Beira Atlântico
- Tejo
- Alentejano
- Península de Setúbal
- Algarve
- Terras Madeirenses
- Açores Islands
89
What are "bon bons"?
Glass demijohns used to age port
90
What color wines are mostly produced in Alentejano DOP? From what grapes?
- Reds exceed whites
| - Trincadeira
91
What is Trousseau known as in Portugal?
Bastardo
92
What are the 8 sub-zones of Alentejano DOP?
- Moura
- Granja-Amareleja
- Évora
- Vidigueira
- Reguengos
- Redondo
- Borba
- Portalegre
93
What region of Portugal has widespread Quercus Suber trees?
Alentejo
94
What DOP and IGP share the exact same boundaries in the northwest of Portugal?
- Minho IGP
| - Vinho Verde DOP
95
What style of wine is produced on the Pico DOP of Azores? What are the requirements?
- Fortified whites
- min 16% abv after fortification
- min 3 years in barrel
- Grapes: Verderlho, Arinto, and Terrantez
96
What is Trincadeira also known as?
Tinta Amarela
97
What are the 4 DOPs of Algarve?
- Lagos
- Portimão
- Lagoa
- Tavira
98
What industry dominates Algarve?
Resort tourism
99
What is "Vinhos Canteiro"?
Madeira that was matured on the island
100
What are the 7 sub-regions of the Dão?
- Sierra de Estrela
- Alva
- Besteiros
- Castendo
- Silgueiros
- Terras de Azurara
- Terras de Senhorim
101
What styles of wine are produced in the Dão?
Red, white, rosado, "novo" tino (nouveau), espumante
| -red accounts for 3/4
102
What is the max % of experimental grapes (cabernet of Sémillon) that can be used in a blend in the Dão?
40% of the blend
103
What is the synonym for Sercial?
Esgana Cão (the dog strangler)
104
What grapes may be used for "Bairrada Classico"? What is the min abv?
- Baga, Alfrocheiro, Camarate, Castelão, Jaen, and Touriga Nacional
- min 12.5% abv
105
What are the 9 DOPs of Lisboa?
- Bucelas
- Colares
- Carcavelos
- Arruda
- Torres Vedras
- Alenquer
- Óbidos
- Lourinhã
- Encostas de Aire
106
How do the whites and reds from Vinho Verde become pétillant?
- Whites - generally a carbon dioxide injection prior to bottling
- Reds - from a malo-fermentation in the bottle
107
What was the only Portuguese region spared from phylloxera?
Colares
108
What are the recommended red grapes for the Dão?
- Touriga Nacional
- Jaen
- Touriga Franca
- Alfrocheiro
- Aragonez
- Bastardo
- Rufete
- Trincadeira
- Tinta Cão
109
What are the subregions of Vinho Verde?
(North to South)
- Monçao e Melgaço
- Lima
- Cávado
- Basto
- Ave
- Sousa
- Amarante
- Baião
- Paiva
110
What region contains the Douro Valley?
Duriense
111
What was Portugal's first demarcated wine region?
Douro DOP was also one of the first recognized in Europe and is also a UNESCO Heritage Site
112
What is the southernmost IGP of Portugal?
Algarve
113
What variety is highly regarded by the producers of Vinho Verde?
Alvarinho
114
Who pioneered the style of dry Douro table wines?
Ferreira - in 1952, with the launch of Barca Velha
115
What port houses are making good table wines?
- Niepoort
- Quinta do Crasto
- Ramos Pinto
116
What is required for licoroso wines of Setúbal to be labeled by variety?
min 85% of stated grape
117
What is the most promising sub-zone of Alentejo DOP?
Portalegre
118
What region were Douro and Porto par of, prior to the creation of the Duriense IGP?
Transmontano
119
Can Moscatel do Douro carry an age designation in the manner of Tawny port?
yes
120
What is the Madeira regulatory body?
IVBAM
121
What was Do Tejo DOP formerly known as?
Ribatejo
122
What grapes are used for Carcavelos DOP whites?
Blends of Arinto, Galego Dourado, and Ratinho
123
What red grapes are grown in Vinho Verde?
- Vinhão (a teinturier grape)
- Espadeiro
- Borraçal
- Alvarelhão
124
How does Portugal rank globalley in production and consumption?
Production - 11th
| Consumption - 7th per capita
125
Who founded the Kopke Port house? When?
- Christian Kopke (a German)
| - 1638 (4 decades before the first shipment to England)
126
What 3 English Port houses were established by 1700?
Warre & Co
Croft
Taylor's
127
What is the Península de Setúbal IGP formerly known as?
Terras do Sado
128
What white grape produces noble white wines in the Dão?
Encruzado
129
What is Companhia Geral dos Vinhos do Alto Douro?
Douro Wine Co
130
What is important about Quinta do Vale Meãd?
- A 270 ha Douro Superior estate formerly the primary source of Barca Velha (the first table wine of the Douro)
- Has established itself as one of the region's young cult stars
131
What are the recommended white grapes for the Dão?
- Encruzado
- Bical
- Cercial
- A number of additional grapes are authorized but not "recommended"
132
How long must Moscatel do Douro be aged?
18 months
133
What grapes dominate Algarve's production?
Red - Castelão, Tinta Negra Mole
| White - Arinto, Síria
134
What is required for Douro wines to be labeled as "Grande Reserva"?
They must meet the "reserva" criteria and they must score exceptionally well when being certified in the mandatory IVDP blind tasting
135
What Geisenheim crossing produces small amounts of wine on Madeira?
Arnsburger
136
What is the preferred soil type in the Douro?
Schist
137
What are the 3 sub-zones of the Douro?
- Baixo Corgo
- Cima Corgo
- Douro Superior
138
What 4 new IGPs were established in 2011 for Beiras?
- Terras do Dão
- Terras de Cister
- Terras da Beira
- Beira Atlântico
139
What dOP of Terras de Cister IGP is a center for sparkling wine production?
Távora-Varosa DOP
140
What is the harder soil type further inland in the Colares DOP? What is grown there?
Chão rija - Castelão
141
How long are the wines of Setúbal usually macerated?
Up to 6 months - following fermentation and fortification
142
Where is the Beira Interior DOP located What are it's 3 subzones?
Terras da Beira IGP
- Beira Castelo Rodrigo
- Cova da Beira
- Pinhel
