Central Italy Flashcards
Where is Toscany Located?
Between the Apennines mountains and the Tyrrhenian sea
What is the mountain range of central Italy?
Apennine mountains
When was the first delimitation of the Chianti zone happens
1716
What it the of the traditional Chianti bottle?
Fiasco
What is a “Fiasco”?
traditional Chianti bottle:
poor quality glass bottle = wrapped with straw
Who’s Marquis Mario della Rocchetta?
The owner of Bolgheri Sassicaia
– Created the “Super-Toscan” bottling
First commercial vintage: 1968
What is the first commercial vintage of Sassicaia?
1968
owned by Marquis Mario della Rocchetta
Was tuscany know fr quality wine prior 1960’s?
No, Chianti wine leading the production for cheap, low quality wines
Who’s the 2nd “Super Toscan” wine to be bottle soon after Sassicaia?
Tignanello
Produced by Piero Antinori (nephew of Marquis Mario della Rocchetta
1971
What is the name of the Argentinian winery of the Marquis della Rocchetta?
Chacra wineryBased in Rio Negro area of Pentagon (Argentina)
Pinot Noir focus wines
How many DOCG are currently in Tuscany?
Name them
11
- Chianti
- Chianti Classico
- Carmignano
- Vernaccia de San Grimignano
- Vino Nobile de Montepulciano
- Brunello de Montalcino
- Montecucco Sangiovese
- Morellino di Scansano
- Rosso della Val di Cornia
- Survereto
- Elba Aleatico Passito
What is the climate of Tuscany?
Dry maritime climate:
Winters can be cold and harsh, follow by long and warm summers
What is the soil type of Chianti?
- Galestro: soft marl
- Albarese: sandston
+ schist, clay, sand
What is Galestro?
soft marl like soil from Chianti area
– Alberese is the other soil type (sandstone)
What is Alberese?
sandstone soil from the Chianti region
- Galestro is an other soil type here (soft marl)
What grapes are often to Sangiovese blends to soft the wine?
to add color and power to it?
softened: Canaiolo
Color: Colorino & CS
What is the more planted red grape of Italy?
Sangiovese
give some synonyms of the Sangiovese grape?
Prugnolo Gentile: Montepulciano Brunello: Montalcino Brunelletto: Grossetto Guarnacciola: Calabria Morelino: Scasano Niellucio: Corsica Corinto Nero: Isola di Lipari
What are the parents of the Sangiovese?
Ciliegiolo x Calabrese di Montenuovo
Natural crossing between a Tuscan and Calabrian GV
What is the resulting GV of the “Ciliegiolo x Calabrese di Montenuovo” crossing?
Sangiovese
What is the most planted white GV of Italy?
Trebbiano Toscano
– Neutral white grape
What was the first delimited wine zone in Europe?
Chianti - 1716
Modern chianti zone been established only in 1932 - received DOCG in 1984
What are the 7 Chianti-sub zone created 1932?
- Classico
- Rùfina
- Colli Fiorentini
- Colli Senesi
- Colli Pisane
- Colli Aretini
- Montalbano
What is the last sub-zone of Chianti been added to the appellation ? When
Montespertoli
added in 1997 decree
What Chianti sub zone is regarded as the most consistent in quality? Name 2 main producers there?
Rufina
- Frescobaldi
- Fattoria Selvapiana
Produced the Pomino DOC to - within the Rùfina subzone
What are the blending regulation for Chianti DOCG today?
What is the exception of this rule?
up to 70% of Sangiovese, + Canaiolo, Colorino, CS, Merlot
– Colli Senesi: 75% min Sangiovese
White grape are allow, to mandatory anymore
What’s happen in 2006 into the Chianti Classico rules?
White Grapes are not allowed anymore into the blend (Malvasia / Trebbiano)
What is “Governo” practise in Chianti?
re-fermentation of juice with dried grapes: to strengthen wine and initiate MLF:
– Must be labelled Governo all’uso Toscano
What is Governo all’uso Toscano?
Practise used in Chianti:
Re-fermentation of the wine with dried grapes to enhance the strength an inoculate the MLF
What are the ageing req of Chianti DOCG?
- Straight chianti: March 1st
- Rufina / Montespertoli / Colli Fiorentini: May 1st
- Riserva; 2 years of ageing
When is Chianti been reward DOCG?
1984
What is the regulation to be labelled Chianti Superiore?
Must reach a 12% ABV (rather than 11,5% for straight Chianti) + lower yielding
When is Chianti Clasicco been upgraded as DOCG?
1984 - same as Chianti
Chat are the 4 main communes of Chianti Classico
Greve, Gaiole, Castellina, Radda
What are the regulation to be labelled Chianti Classico?
- Blend must be made with 80% of Sangiovese min
- Must come from the historical vineyard (classico zone)
- Must reach 12% ABV min
- cannot be release prior October 1st year after harvest
Explain the ageing req of Chianti Classico?
- Chianti Classico: not release prior 1/10/H+1
- Riserva: 24 mth ageing (within 3 in bottle)
- Gran Selezione: 30 mth ageing (within 3 mth in bottle)
When does “Gran selezione” classification been introduced in Chianti Classico?
Explain it
2013:
- Wine must be age for 30 mth - within 3 mth into a bottle
- Must reach a 13% ABV
- Must be produced from Estate’s fruit
Where is Carmignano DOCG located?
Explain it
Northern Toscany = 50% Sangiovese + 15/20% CF/CS Max 20% of Canaiolo Nero - 8 mth ageing in oak - Riserva: 12 mth aging in oak / Chestnut Barrels
What are the ageing req for Carmignano DOCG?
Riserva?
- 8 mth in oak / Chestnut barrels
- not release prior 1/06/H+2
Riserva: 12 mth ageing in oak/chestnut
– not release prior 29/09/H+3
What is the zone of production of Carmignano DOCG?
Prato province in Tuscany
Carmignano and Poggio a Caiano towns
When was the first DOCG of Italy created? What was they?
1980
- Barolo DOCG
- Brunello di Montalcino
- Vino Nobile di Montepulciano
Who’s initiated the Brunello style? When?
Clemente Santi of Tenuta Greppo’s Biondi Santi was the first one to isolate the Brunello clone, and bottled it alone in 1865
When does the first Brunello Riserva released? By who?
1888 by Biondi Santi winery: Give the first noble letter of the area and appellation
What are the grape requirement for Brunello di Montalcino DOCG?
100% Sangiovese Grosso (Brunello)
How long time must a Brunello di Montalcino spent in oak? When can it be release?
Riserva?
- Must be aged for 2 years in cask min
- an additional 4 mth in bottle (6 for Riserva)
- Wines cannot be release prior the January 1st of the 5th year after harvest
- 6th year after harvest for Riserva
What are the Frazioni (sub area) of Brunello di Montalcino?
- Sant Angelo in Colle
- Castelnuovo Abate
- Torrenieri
Where could you find Sant Angelo in Colle?
Frazioni of Brunello di Montalcino
- 2 others:
- Castelnuovo Abate
- Torrenieri
Where could you find Castelnuovo Abate?
Frazioni of Brunello di Montalcino
- 2 others:
- Sant Angelo in Colle
- Torrenieri
Where could you find Torrenieri?
Frazioni of Brunello di Montalcino
- 2 others:
- Castelnuovo Abate
- Sant Angelo in Colle
What are the 3 DOC along the Brunello di Montalcino DOCG area? Why for?
- Rosso di Montalcino: Junior version: 100% Sangiovese - No oak req / 1 y. ageing only
- Sant’Antimo: white and Red allow: Super Toscan outlet for the area: all GV from the Toscan production
- Moscadello di Montalcino: White from the Moscato Bianco GV: often sweet, can be either dry, still of spk
Where would you find the Sant’Antimo DOC? Why does it been created for?
1996
Located on the Montalcino area
–“Super-Toscan” wine production
– Wh and red wine allow with the all GV authorise in Tuscany
What is the name of the Sangiovese’s clone of the Vino Nobile de Montepulciano DOCG
Prugnolo Gentile
70% min of the blend
How long is VN de Montepulciano aged for?
2 years min - within 1 in wood
- Riserva: 3 years min
Where is Morellino di Sansano DOCG located?
Southern Tuscany: South of Maremma
DOCG in 2006
What are the regulations of Morellino di Scansano DOCG? ageing?
Must reach a 85% Sangiovese
- Riserva: 2 years ageing min within 1 in wood
What is the particularity of the Rosso della Val di Cornia DOCG blending wise?
allow the highest proportion of Bordeaux’s grapes into the blend (as DOCG level) in Tuscany: up to 60%
What are the newest DOCG of Tuscany? When does it been awarded?
2011
- Survereto DOCG (CS, Merlot, Sangiovese single GV)
- Val Di Cornia Rosso (40% Sangiovese min + up to 60% CS/Merlot)
Where is Suvereto DOCG located? What wines?
Southern Tuscany
- upgraded as DOCG in 2011
CS, Merlot, Sangiovese
Can be blended of varietal wine labelled (if 85% min)
Riserva: 18 mth ageing + 6 in bottle
Where is Rosso della Val di Cornia DOCG located? Explain wines?
Southern Maremma in Tuscany
– 40% Sangiovese min + up to 60% Merlot/CS
Riserva: 18 mth ageing + 6 in bottle
What is the First 100% Merlot wine from Tuscany?
L’apparita from Castello di Ama - 1985
Follow by Masseto from Tenuta dell Ornelaia in 11986
What are the 3 first 100% Sangiovese wine from Tuscany? When?
- Montevertine’s Pergola Torte: 1977
- Isole e Olena’s Cepparello: 1980
- Flaccianello della Pieve from Fontodi: 1981
When is the IGT law created in Italy?
1992 by the Gloria Laws
- offer an opportunity to “super Toscan” to be release other than Vino da Tavola
When is Bolgheri DOC created? Why?
1983 in Northern Maremma -
To offer a name for those “Super-Toscan” wine
What is the ageing regulation for Bolgheri DOC Riserva?
2 years of ageing including one in wood
Must reach a 12,5% ABV
Since when is Bolgheri Sassicaia recognised?
Sub-region of Bolgheri since 1983 - been award as it owned DOC in 2013 = Makes the only true monopole DOC of Italy
Where is Elba Aleatico Passito DOCG located? Why is it famous for?
off the coast of Maremma - Tuscany
Sweet wines produced from the Aleatico GV
site where the french emperor Napoleon’s exile in 1814
Explain Elba Aleatico Passito DOCG?
DOCG in 2011
- 100% Aleatico GV (red wines)
- must be air dry for 10 days prior AF
19% ABV
What is the only white DOCG of Tuscany?
Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG
Explain Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG?
- DOCG: 1993
- 85% Vernaccia
- aromatic grape forbidden (malvasia/traminer)
- Riserva wine: 11 mth ageing: at least 3 mth in bottle
What is “Occhio di Pernice”?
Rose version of Chianti “Vino Santo”
- 50% of Sangiovese added to white GV
What are the GV of Chianti “Vin Santo “
Malvasia and Trebbiano. Sometimes Grechetto is added to the blend
Explain Vin Santo?
Dry or Sweet white wine from Tuscany (usually Chianti)
- grapes are raisinated until December at least
- slow fermentation& aged in Caratelli barrels (50L) for 5 to 8 years
- Barrels are not topped = alcohol is concentrated during the maturation
Can be fortified if call Liquoroso
What is “Caratelli”
small oak barrels (often chestnut) use in vin Santo maturation
- 50L size
What is the name of the 50L barrel use in Vin Santo?
Caratelli
Where would you find Orvieto DOC?
Umbria - Italy (share with Lazio)
Grechetto - Trebbiano Toscano (Procanico)
What are the GV of Orvieto DOC?
Grechetto and Trebbiano Toscano (Procanico)
What is the biggest DOC of Umbria?
Orvieto
Grechetto and Trebbiano Toscano
What is the soil type of Orvieto DOC?
Tuffeau
give a mineral driving wine