Rheum Flashcards
Define Sensitivity
Define Specificity
What is a good example of one of these types of tests
What is a good examples of these tests
Probability of correctly Dx PT w/ Dz
Probability of correctly r/o Dz in PTs w/out a Dz
Sen: ANA lupus
Spec: Anti-dsDNA lupus
What process causes the formation of acute phase responses?
What result is significant
When are ESR values more useful?
IL-6, cytokines stimulate liver to synthesize proteins
> 100= Ca, infection, renal/autoimmune dz
Normal (sensitivity test)
What are two presentations that may be normal variants with an increased ESR
When do ESRs have minimal use?
Obesity
Pregnancy
Nephrotic syndromes
End stage RDz
What lab result is better than ESR for inflammation/infection indications?
What is an example when a CRP result would be necessary and vital?
CRP is particularly good for tracking ? Dzs
CRP- better when accuracy is vital
Steroid tapers
GCA, RA
What are three Dzs that would have a minimal or no CRP elevation?
There is no elevated CRP in Lupus unless ? is present
? Dx can have an elevated CRP w/out any inflammation
Poly/Dermatomyositis
Scleroderma
Serositis, Synovitis
Renal failure
What are 3 examples of acute phase reactants?
Which one was used to track progression of COVID?
Define Complement System and number of proteins
Ferritin Fibrinogen Platelet
Ferritin, D-dimer
Aids immune system w/ inflammatory/immune response; >30 proteins
What are the functions of the complement system?
What are the 3 pathways of the Complement System
Chemotaxis Opsonization Ab response Leukocyte activation Cell lysis Clearing apoptotic cells
Classic Alternative
Mannose binding Lectin
Complement system tends to be reduced in chronic autoimmune and inflammatory states such as ?
These Complement measurements are usually used to monitor ? via ? results
Which part of the system screens for deficiency of the classical pathway?
Cryoglobinemia Serum sickness SLE Vasculitis Glomerlonephritis Subacute endocarditis
SLE w/ C3, C4
CH50- total deficiency= complete deficit early in cascade
Although rare, a complete deficiency of C3 is seen in ? PTs
ANA can detect autoantibodies against ?
Peds w/ recurrent pyogenic organisms
Histones, DNA, RNP via fluorescence microscopy
What are ANA Titers indicative of
What test is 97% specific for SLE and is rarely present in other conditions or healthy PTs
This result does not appear in drug induced lupus except for ?
High Sen, Low Spec:
>1:160- Pos
<1:80- Neg
Anti-dsDNA
Penicillamine
Minocycline
Antitumor necrosis factors
When is the indication to order an Anti-dsDNA
Define an Anti-Smith (Sm)
Define an Anti-U1-RNP
DDx of SLE and pos ANA
Abs recognize nuclear proteins that bind to RNA; specific for SLE
Abs recognize complex proteins and nuclear RNA in SLE, MCTDz
When are Anti-Sm and Anti-U1-RNP tests ordered
When are Anti-Ro (SS-A) or Anti-La (SS-B) ordered
When would these be ordered after a negative ANA
Concern of Mixed CT Dz
Primary concern for SLE or Sjogrens
Suspected subacute cutaneous lupus or PTs w/ recurrent photosensitive rashes
Mother of children w/ neonatal cutaneous lupus and congenital heart blocks may be ASx but need to be tested for ?
This also needs to be ordered for ? female PTs
SLE or Sjogrens
PTs w/ SLE and considering pregnancy
Anticentromere Abs occur in ?
What type of test is Anticentromere Abs
Rheumatoid factor is an Ab directed against ?
Scleroderma, CREST
98% specific
Fc region of IgG
Detection of IgM Rheumatoid Factor titers mean ?
Define Sero-Negative RA
> 1:40= latex fixation
20 or more= nephelometry
Ab against IgM
What non-RA conditions can have a positive RF?
Cryoglubulinemia Hep B/C Elderly PTs SLE/Sjogrens Sarcoidosis Primary biliary cirrhosis Malignancy
Define Anti-CCP Ab
What is Anti-CCP Ab as strong predictor for?
What combo of lab results is nearly 100% indicative PT will develop RA?
Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated peptide Ab; rules RA in earlier than RF in true RA
RA progresstion, joint erosion in PTs w/ early onset, undifferentiated inflammatory arthritis
+ RF and Anti-CCP
What is encompassed in Anti-Neutrophilic Cytoplasmic Ab lab tests
These are highly specific but need ? test to confirm a ? Dx
Proteinase-3: GPA
Myloperoxidase- EGP, MPA
Biopsy for GPA Dx
Proteinase 3 is to ?
Myloperoxidase is to ?
Cytoplasmic
Perinuclear
Other autoantibodies that are associated w/ ?:
Scl 70 Anti-centromere Anti-Jo-1 Anti-Mi-2 Anti-Histone
Scl: diffuse scleroderma
AC: limited scleroderma/CREST
AJ: dermatomyositis and polymyositis
AM: dermatomyositis
AH: drug induced lupus
Antiphospholipid Abs are AKA ?
What are these Abs associated w/
These contribute to the acceleration of ? and are ordered during ? work up
Lupus anticoagulant
Antiphospholipid syndrome- A/V thrombus
Possible SLE
Atherosclerosis
Hypercoagulable
Synovial fluid analysis is performed to exclude what three Dxs
Do not perform this procedure if ?
These results are not usefule for ?
Monoarthritis
Infections
Crystal induced arthritis
Bleeding risk
Overlying cellulitis/rash
Polyarthritis
What are the tests included when ordering synovial fluid analysis?
What does it mean if results come back w/ <2K cells, >2K cells or hemorrhagic?
Gram stain Culture Cell count w/ diff Polarized microscopy Glucose/LDH/protein
<2K: OA >2K: +crystal= pseudo/gout - culture= RA AS PsA SLE \+ Gram/Culture= SA Hem: Tumor TB Trauma
What lab tests would be useful for monitoring SLE and are AKA the “Five fingers of Lupus?
What one would not be useful?
Chemistry UA CBC Complement AutoAb (ds DNA) ((ESR C3 C4 Anti-ds DNA))
ANA