MedEthics Flashcards
Define Ethics
Philosophical discipline concerned w/ human obligations, duties and responsibilities
The system/code of conduct belonging to a particular philosophy, group or profession
Who is the primary ancient expositor of Virtue Ethics?
Aristotle
What is the primary concern of virtue ethics?
Character based and not a principle based theory
Approach the de-emphasizes rules, consequences and particular acts and places focus on the kind of person who is acting
Focuses on moral concern and someone having virtues= moral conduct
What standard of judgement does Aristotle use for determining virtue?
What should I do?
Who should I be?
Aristotle golden mean
What ethical theory is primarily associated with Immanuel Kant?
Deontology- only acts done from duty have moral worth
Founded on reason
Kant is mostly concerned with ?
Greek word “deon”= Duty
Define Categorical Imperative
An exception less moral rule that is binding on everyone at all times
What are the two formulations of the Categorical Imperative?
Respect formulation (not using others for personal gain) Universal formulation (law of nature- if it's good for one, it's good for the many)
Who were the two primary 19th Century expositors of Utilitarianism?
Jeremy Bentham
John Stuart Mill
Utilitarianism is primarily concerned w/ ?
Consequences
What is the basic mantra of utilitarianism?
Greatest good for the greatest number
What is the purpose of ethics for utilitarians?
To make the world a better place
Define BioEthics
All ethical issues pertaining to the biological/medical sciences- research, clinical, medical organization and public health ethics
What is the name of the code of ethics that came out of the Nazi doctor trials that governs the use of human subjects in research?
Code of Nuremberg
Four parts: voluntary, well informed, consent of person w/ full legal capacity
What are the four principles of Beauchamp and Childress’s “Principles of Biomedical Ethics’?
Respect for Autonomy
Nonmaleficence
Beneficence
Justice
Under what conditions can a person’s autonomy be restricted?
Restricted to prevent harm to self/others
Quarantine,
Compelled Medical practice,
Limits on the autonomy of minors
Define Nonmaleficence?
Above all do no harm
We act out to act in ways that do not cause needless harm, risk, or injury to others
Define Beneficence
What are the limitations?
What is in the PTs best interest
We should act in ways that promote the welfare of others
Resources- human, mechanical, technical
What does justice refer to in the context of principlism?
Distributive Justin’s- seeks to give each person why they is “due”
Asks the question “what is fair”
What are the commonly held principles?
To each person and equal share
To each person according to need
To each person according to effort
Are ethics and law equivalent?
No
Similar in development of law and ethics but not based on feelings alone
A product of careful thought and defended with arguments and reason
The word “clinical” is derived from the Greek word for ?
Bedside “klinikos”
What is an ethics question but not a technical question?
What should we do?
What approach to ethics and ethical dilemmas in PT care uses “care based reasoning” and/or “bottom up reasoning?”
Casuistry approach- bottom up reasoning and use accumulated experience