Hematology: Block 1 Flashcards
What are the roles of the three proteins found in plasma?
What are the components of solutes?
Albumin: retain fluids in blood
Globulin: simple proteins; clotting and infections
Fibrinogen: clotting, converted by thrombin
WHEN EV
Waste Hormone E+ Nutrient
Enzyme Vit
All cell sizes are compared to a ‘normal’ RBC size which is ?
Define RBC
6-8um (one millionth of a meter; one thousandth of millimeter)
Biconcave anuclear disc, eliminated by liver/spleen
Define WBC
What are the life spans of the different types of WBCs
Differentiated nucleated motile cell
Typical: few hrs (infxn)
T/B Cell: years
What is the general rule to WBC concentration locations?
Define Platelet
Less in circulation, more in tissues
Biconvex anuclear discoid w/ lens shape if inactivated
How are platelets activated
How long do RBC, WBC and Platelets live
Pass blood vessel w/ disrupted endothelium
Activation causes pseudopodia, adhere to form clots
RBC: 120 days
WBC: hrs to years
Platelet: 5-9 days
Define Hematopoiesis and what are the two forms
Extra medullary poiesis mainly occurs in what 2 areas
Production-maturation of all blood cells
Spleen- 53%
Liver- 25%
What issues can trigger extra medullary poiesis to kick in?
This form of production accounts for ? of all hematopoiesis
BI HALL
Breast Ca Infection HIV Anemia Leukemia Lymphoma
3%
What are the four locations of prenatal blood development
Define Pluripotential Stem Cell
Yolk* Liver Spleen
Bone marrow closer to delivery
Stem cells w/ potential to develop into any tissue/cell in body
What are the 3 properties held by pluripotential cells
Upon replication, they first divide into ?
Proliferation potential
Multiple lineages
Self renewal
Myeloid/Lymphoid Stem Cells
What are the 3 hematopoietic Growth Factors, development site and role
EPO- kidneys; RBC production
TPO- liver; thrombocyte production
Cytokines (CSF, IL)- many; WBC production
Where are Colony Stim Factors and Interleukins released from for WBC production
What are the cell transformations in the line of erythropoiesis
ME My BFS
Macrophage Endothelial Mast B/T cell Fibroblasts Stromal
Potential Myeloid Progenitor Blast (per) RBC
When kidneys detect low O2 and release EPO, it triggers ? cell to continue hematopoiesis
What are the cells in sequence of thromboblast development
Proerythroblasts
Potential Myeloid Progenitor Megakaryocyte Platelet
What is the sequence of thrombocyte pseudopodia formation
Leukopoiesis can develop from what two cells into ? cells
C-TPO + endothelial damage= internalization/pseudopodia
Myeloid: BENM
Lymphoid: B/T/NKC
What is the only cell myeloid stem cells can NOT differentiate into?
RBC has ? many Hbg units and what do those units contain
Lymphocyte
280M units
Each unit= 2A 2B chains
What is the best measurement of blood’s O2 carrying capacity
What part of the RBC contains the pigment
Hgb
Heme w/ Fe
One RBC w/ 300M hgb molecules can hold ? O2 molecules
One Hgb contains _O2, _Fe, and _hem
1 billion
4 4 4
Define RBC count
Define Hct
Total number of RBCs
Percent of blood volume that’s RBCs
Define Hgb
Define RBC Indicies
Amount of Hgb in blood
MCV: average RBC size/volume
Define MCH
Define MCHC
Mean Cell Hgb; average quantity of RBC Hgb
Mean Cell Hgb Concentration; Hgb inside RBC w/ size/vol factored in
Define RDW
A high RDW means theres a greater difference in size/vol, defined as ? and seen ?
Red Cell Distribution Width; estimated range of RBC volume and size
Aniscocytosis- post-RBC transfusion
Define Reticulocyte count
What is this measurement the best indicator of?
Number of immature RBCs in circulation
RBC production
When would a reticulocyte count be high or low?
What is the most important function of the Reticuloendothelial System?
High: anemia
Low: marrow failure
Phagocytosis
What are the two locations the RES functions
Intravascular: RBC contents released into circulation
Hgb binds to Haptoglobin- taken to liver
Extravascular: in spleen; heme broken into bili/Fe
Fe to transferrin, to marrow
Bili to albumin, to liver
RBC recycling is dependent up on ? cell in the body
What are the two categories of WBCs
Macrophage
Granular: BEN
Agranular: LM