IDz Block 2 Cram Flashcards by brandon lovin

MCV is the MC cause of ?

How is CMV Dx

Post-implant infections (kidney)

Virus isolation from:
Newborn- urine
Adult- Ag/DNA detection

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CMV is an early manifestation of ?

How is it transmitted

PTs can have CMV and be ASx but still have ?

HIV/AIDS

Semen Cervical secretion Urine Milk Saliva

Viremia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Since Peds secrete CMV longer than adults, what antivirals can be used?

V/G-clovir

Foscarnet

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Mumps may also have an unproven association w/ ? systemic Dz

If PT doesn’t have parotitis, what two issues can be involved

Neuro Orchitis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are 6 rare but possible Sxs of Mumps

How can it be Dx

Pericarditis
Arthritis
Neuritis
Throiditis
Mastitis
Nephritis

ELISA IgM

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

? PTs w/ Mumps are typically subclinical

How is Mumps transmitted

<2y/o

Droplet/contact w/ saliva

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How long is Mumps isolated w/in saliva

CDC recommends isolating these PTs for how long

When are these PTs max infectious but what can be post for longer

7 days before parotitis

5 days after onset

48hrs prior to onset
Urine x 14 days after onset

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

1% of Polio Pts will present w/

Commonly a minor illness is recognized in acute polio w/ ? Sxs

Aseptic meningitis

HA Fever Malaise N/V

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When polio results in paralysis, how is the paralysis define and what additional Sx is present

What are the 3 categories of Polio

Asymmetric flaccid paralysis of LE w/ retained senses
+ Fever

Abortive- mild
Non-paralytic- meningeal irritation, spasms
Paralytic- Spinal/Bulbar
B: CN- respiratory/vasomotor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of gait is acquired in Polio PTs

What is the sequale that can develop that affects the opposite limb

Equinus foot- muscles pull toes down, not up. Can extend, not flex

Post-Polio Syndrome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How is Polio different from GBarre

Non-paralytic polio DDxs include

GBS- symmetric paralysis w/ high protein in CSF
No F/Ha/N/V

Brain abscess- NeuroSyph
Leptospirosis- Encephalitis
Mono

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How is Polio Dx

How is a presumptive Dx made

Virus isolation from:
Pharyngeal CSF Stool

4x inc/rise of Ab levels

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the vaccine for virus strains of Polio

What is the risk of receiving the inactivated form of vaccine

cVDPV1 (OPV, live)

Higher levels of GI viral excretion
Harder to transport/conduct ShotEx

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Progression of Vericella lesions

How are the vesicles described

The vesicles are more likely to occur where?

Maculopapular x hrs
Vesicular x 4 days
Granular scabs

Monocular that collapse on puncture

Areas of irritation:
Diaper Axilla

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the primary causes of Varicella related death in adults or kids

Varicella is linked to ? Syndrome

Adult: viral pneumonia
Peds: sepsis/encephalitis

Reyes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Alot of PTs w/ Zoster will have ? issue

What microbe is Varicella/Zoster

Post-herpetic neuralgia

Human Alpha Herpesvirus 3
HAH-3

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How is Varicella transmitted

How long are they contagious

Person-person/direct contact
Respiratory secretion
Droplet/airborne

Varicella:5 days before/after rash
Zoster: 7 days after appearance

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is used for post-exposure prophylaxis for Varicella

What is the shingles vaccine and for who?

VZIG w/in 96hrs
Varicella vaccine
Acyclovir

Shingrix >50y/o

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Erythema Infectiosum is AKA

If infects ? ages

What is the microbe

5th Dz
Erythrovirus

5-15y/o

Parvovirus B19

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What seasons is Erythema Infectiosum common?

How long is the incubation

How does it present

Winter/Spring

4-14 days prior to Sx onset

Lacy rash
Arthritis of hands feet or knees
Slapped cheek

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why is a definitive Dx of Erythema Infect needed?

What are some complications that can arise?

How is it Tx

Associated w/ myocarditis

Hemolytic anemia
TTP
Post-infection glomerulonephritis
Hepatitis

NSAIDS, not ASA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Roseola is AKA

What ages does it infect

What is the microbe

6th Dz

1-5y/o

HHV-6

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How does Roseola present

What can be used for Tx of complicated cases

Fever
Preiorbital edema
Cervical/occipital adenopathy
Rose rash on trunk/extremities

G/C-clovir
Foscarnet

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When are Rubeola PTs contagious

Vaccine be given at ? age

Prior to prodrome
4 days after rash

15mon

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

PTs that are not vaccined for Rubeola but are exposed receive ? Rubella is AKA ? This can resemble/mimic ?

Immune Globulin- 3-6 days Vit A German Measles Scarlet fever Coxsackie Mono Rash

What is the most characteristic feature of a Rubella infection What is the name of this feature

Post-auricular/cervical, occipital adenopathy that precedes rash x 5-10 days Forsheimer Spots

? Sx of Rubella is common in adults but rare in children What are two common lab results

Encephalitis Leuko*/Thrombocytopenia

What part of pregnancy is at the highest risk for acquiring CRS What is the MC underlying condition that causes PTs to progress to Necrotizing Fasciitis

First 16wks DM

Necrotizing Fasciitis is usually initiated by ? microbes What anaerobic/polymicrobic microbes can cause it?

Vibrio Aeromonas GAS Staph A Bacteriodes Clostridium Peptostrepto

PT w/ Necrotizing Fasciitis will present w/ cellulitis like Sxs, but what is different? What ABX are started while awaiting for lab confirmation? What therapy adjunct may be utilized for these PTs?

PoP on exam Vancomycin Imipenem Pen G and Clindamycin Hyperbaric chamber

What images are ordered for suspected Necrotizing Fasciitis and which one is preferred? What microbe causes Strep Throat

X-rays: gas bubbles MRI: preferred for exam of soft tissue and edema Strep Pyogenes- GAS

Strep throat usually infects ? PTs during what part of the year It is rarely seen in kids under ? age How is it transmitted

5-12y/o late fall-early spring <3y/o Person to person

How is Strep throat Tx Rheumatic fever is a sequelae of ? This can progress to deteriorate ? heart valves

IM Benzathine PCN Pen VK or Amoxicillin PCN Allergy- Clindamycin GAS Mitral Aorta T/P Rarely aorta alone

What are the Major criteria for Rheumatic Fever What are the Minor

Polyarthritis Erythema marginatum Carditis Syndenham chorea Polyarthralgia ESR/CRP inc Reversible PR prolongation Fever Dx= 2 major or 1 major, 2 minor

Rheumatic fever PTs are placed on bed rest for Tx until ? What meds can be used

Afebrile Normal ESR EKG and Pulse PCN CCS Salicylates

Scarlet fever is due to ? toxin Where does the rash begin? How is this Tx

Erythrogenic Neck Axilla Groin Pen V Erythromycin

SSS is similar to ? and is a ? mediated response SSS is AKA ? What are the most common sites for it to occur?

Scarlet Exotoxin Ritter Dz Oral/nasal cavity Umbilicus Throat

What is seen on PE of PTs w/ SSS How is this Tx

Nikolsky's Sign Support w/ fluids IV Nafcillin

TSS is usually caused by ? but can be caused by ? What will be seen on PE

Staph A GAS Desquamination on palms/soles 7-14d later HOTN

TSS should be considered w/ ? PT presentation How is it Tx

Sudden fever Rash HOTN Systemic toxicity ``` Staph origin (MC)- Nafcillin Strep origin- Pen G + Clinda ```

Name of GBS This is a major cause of ? in neonates What does it cause in adults

Strep Agalactiae Sepsis/meningitis Peripartum fever

How are GBS infections Tx What are complications of this infection? What are the high risk settings for acquiring MRSA

Pen G Neuro Hearing Blind Prison Competitive sports Military training

How is MRSA Tx

OutPT or <5cm: TMP/Sulfa Doxy Clinda InPT: Vancomycin MRSA Carriers Tx: Bactroban Chlorhexidine

What does tetanus release that causes MSK issues What are the 4 types of tetanus infections

Tetanospasmin Generalized- MC/most severe Local Cephalic- facial muscles only Neonatal

MC presenting Sx of tetanus Where do tetanus seizures occur

Trismus Flex/abd of arms LE extension Opisthotonos Clench fists on thorax

What is used to Tx tetanus What infection is re-named to sepsis once organ damage sets in

Diazepam Immglobulin Metronidazole SIRS

What is the criteria for SIRS Most deaths from SIRS are associated w/ ?

Fever >100/4 HR +90 RR +20/PaCO2 <32mm/ WBCs >12K or <4K Malignancy

What are the stages of SIRS Extrapulmonary TB is common in ? PTs

I: Rubor Dolor Calor Tumor II: cytokine release III: humoral cascade Co-existing HIV

Cornerstone of Dx L-TBI is? What is the only way to Dx

PPD Culture NAA

AST>ALT in ? Reactivated TB is AKA and has ?

Lassa Old Dz Calcified peripheral and nodular nodes

TB tx

Rifampin INH Pyrazinamide Ethambutol D/c E first 2mon- stop P R and I x 4mon

How is INH resistant TB Tx Ribivarin Tx for

RPE x 6mon Congo Hanta Lassa

# Define Two Step Testing How is LTB Tx

Negative Rpt 1-3wks Pos= previous infection

What are the prodrome Sxs of Rubeola Dormant form of tetanus is ? and the active form is ?

FC3 Fever Conjunctivitis Coryza Cough Spore- dormant Vegetative- active

Rubeola

Measles Droplet spread to prodrome of FC3/Koplik Red-blotchy rash from Face Trunk Extremeties Vit A deficient Complications: COPED Death: ecephalitis/pneumonia Imm at 15mon Exposure Tx: ImmGlobulin, Vit A

Rubella

Blueberry muffin DPM rash Similar to Scarlet Coxasck Mono Adenopathy/Forscheimer Encephalitis adult>ped CRS <16wks: MCDG Syndrome: PCM DM1- manifestation of mild case Dx w/ neonate CSF

CMV

CNS/LIver MC cause transplant infection Transmission: SCUMS ASx PT- viremia Tx: F/G/V

Mono

HHV4 Sx: FATS Burkitt/Nasopharyngeal Ca Dx w/ Monospot

Mumps

Linked to DM No parotitis- Neuro/Orchitis Atypical Sxs: PANTMN Dx ELISA

Polio

Infects GI, moves to Neuro 90% sub-acute infxn 3 categories: Abortive: mild Non-para: spasms Para: spinal/bulbar- CN, resp, vasomotor Vaccine cVDPV-1

Varicella

Maculopapular Vesicle Granular scab Vesivle-monocular, collapsable Death: adult- pneumonia ped- encephalitis Reyes Syndrome

Herpes Zoster/Shingles microbe

HAH-3

Erythema Infectum

5th Dz ParvoB19 Erythemavirus Lacy rash Arthritis hand foot knee Slapped cheek Linked w/ myocarditis Tx: NSAIDs

Roseola

6th Dz HHV 6 Rash at defervescence Seizure Hx w/ fever Rose rash Adenopathy Periorbital edema Tx: F/C/G

Zika

Flavivirus Microvephaly Eye Barre No ASA/NSAIDs