Micro Block 3 Flashcards
Bacteriodes Fragilis has what type of air requirement?
Anaerobic, opportunistic
What is the most prevalent anaerobic bacteria?
Bacterio Fragilis
Bacterio Fragilis is a normal microbe found in what areas of the body?
Gut
Oropharynx
Bacterio fragalis is an etiologic agent of what 4 things?
Aspiration pneumonia
Empyema
Lung abscess
Deep wound abscess w/ endogenous material
Clostridium tetani causes tetanus due to ____
Neurotoxin
What microbe is “lockjaw” associated with?
Clostridium tetani
Clostridium botulinum produces _ types of neurotoxin that have what type of temperature limitation
8
A-H
Heatlabile @ 100*C
Clostridium botulinum toxin types A B and E cause ______
Food poisoning via ingestion
Clostridium botulinum is lethal at what dosages?
2ng by injection
13ng by inhalation
What has been deemed as one of the most toxic substances?
Clostridium botulinum
Ingestion of Clostridium botulinum will present w/ what S/Sx?
Blurred/double vision Drooping eyelids Slurred speech Weakened facial/throat muscles N/V
What is wound botulism most common with?
People who inject drugs
How is infant botulism acquired?
Unpasteurized honey
What are the beneficial factors of Clostridium botulinum?
Diluted toxin used for spasmodic dysphasia
Muscle paralysis/problems
Facial wrinkles
What is Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea associated with?
Clostridium difficle
What is a severe form Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea?
Pseudomembranous Colitis
Formation of pseudomembrane of inflammatory cells, fibrin and necrotic cells
What is the mode of transmission for Chlostridium difficle Toxin?
Person-person via fecal-oral route
Spores germinate after passing through stomach acid
How resistant are the Chlostridium difficle spores?
Germinate after passing through stomach acid
Can survive routine surface cleaning
Where is Clostridium difficle a large problem?
Hospitals
Nursing homes
What are the acquisition rates for Clostridium difficle?
Hospital stays up to 14 days: 13%
Hospital stays +28 days: 50%
Clostridium perfringens is an etiologic agent of?
Food poisoning
Enterotoxin in under cooked meat
What microbe is associated with Gas Gangrene?
Clostridium Perfringens
Clostridium species cause deep wound abscesses, especially when contaminated with _____ material
Exogenous
Gram stain, shape and air requirement for Clostridium species?
GPB, spore forming anaerobe
Gram stain, shape and air requirement for Bacillus Anthracis?
GPB, spore forming anaerobic
What type of media does Bacillus Anthracis grow on?
Blood agar w/out hemolysis
Wool-sorters Disease is associated with what microbe?
Pulmonary anthrax
Mortality rates of pulmonary and cutaneous anthrax?
Pulmonary- 60-100%
Cutaneous- 20-25%
How many spores on average of anthrax to establish pulmonary anthrax infection?
8K-10K
What microbe is going to show on an X-ray as a widened mediastinum?
Pulmonary anthrax
What are the toxins Pulmonary Anthrax produces?
Edema toxin
Lethal toxin
What type of anthrax has a papule->vesicle ->necrotic lesion and black eschar?
Cutaneous anthrax
Gram stain, shape and air requirement for Bacillus cereus?
GPB, spore forming aerobic
Where is Bacillus cereus a natural bacterium?
What types of food does is show up in during food poisoning?
Soil/environment
Rice or dried beans
If a PT present with emetic Bacillus cereus, what type of food did they eat?
Rice
Gram stain, shape and air requirement for Coryn. Diphtheriae?
GPB, NSF, pleomorphic
Etiologic agents of Coryn. Diphtheriae?
Pseudomembrane formation in throat
Necrotic surface epithelium meshed in fibrous exudate
Gram stain, shape and air requirement for Listeria Monocytogenes?
GPB, NSF aerobic
What microbe grows at refrigerator temps?
Listeria Monocyte.
What is the source of Listeria Monocyte.?
Soil
Forage
Animal feces
What are the etiologic agents of Listeria Monocyte.?
Food poisoning- cold cuts, unpasteurized cheeses
Encephalomeningitis
Miscarriage, stillbirth, neonate infections
Gram stain, shape and air requirement for Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Acid fast bacili- lots of mycolic acid and lipids in cell wall that impairs staining w/ aqueous solutions
What is the world’s leading infectious disease?
Mycobacterium tuberclosis
How is Mycobacterium tuberculosis spread?
Highly communicable as an aerosol or dust
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is especially prevalent in what patient populations?
AIDS
Crowded locations- prisons
What types of changes in America has changed Mycobacterium tuberculosis ability to infect populations?
Building codes
Social mores
Characteristics of Primary Tuberculosis
Mild/asymptomatic
Bacteria ingested by macrophages and multiply until they’re taken to lymph nodes and encounter CMI TCells
CMI slows disease and causes inflammation
TBST is pos, chest Xray shows growth patches
Bacteria are contained w/in tubercles- small granulomas of epithelioid/giant cells
Granuloma growth caused by cord factor
Characteristics of Latent Phase TB
No S/Sx
No shedding of bacteria
Post TST, chest Xray neg
Not a true medical disease, just potential presence
Characteristics of Secondary TB
CMI fails after time and TB centers become necrotic, forming acellular masses of cheesy debris- caseous material
Ghon comples- combo of tubercles in lung and caseation in lymph nodes
IL-1 mediator factor
TNF- cathectin interferes w/ lipid metabolism causing PT weight loss
Ghon complexes enlarge and tubercles rupture in airway/vessels
Major organ involvement and caseous material is coughed up
CMI fails rapidly leading to disseminated miliary TB- systemic and fatal
Secondary TB is AKA
Clinical Disease
What is the TB vaccine?
Bacillus Calmetter Guerin- prepared from bovine TB bacterium
Not given in US
What are the characteristics of the TST?
PPD from bacteria cell walls
Delayed hypersensitivity- 48-72hrs
What are the lab diagnosis tests for all Mycobacterium?
Acid Fast microscopic
Fluorochrome stain
Gram stain, shape and air requirement for Coxiella burnetti?
Atypical GNCB w/ poor staining
Obligate intracellular parasite
How is Coxiella burnetti transmittable?
Body fluids and aerosol
Human and animal transmission
How is Coxiella burnetti diagnosed?
Immunologic and nucleic acid tests
Gram stain, shape and air requirement for Rickettsia and Orientia?
Atypical, CoccoBacilli
Obligate intracellular
What microbe is associated with causing Spotted Fever of Typhys?
Rickettsia and Orientia
What is the vector carrier for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?
Tick
R. Rickettsii
What is the vector carrier of Typhus?
Epidemic- (classic) Louse
Murine- Flea
Scrub- Mite
What are generally effective microbiotics against Rickettsia and Orientia?
Tetracyclines
Chloramphenicol
S/Sx PT will have if they’re suffering from Rickettsia and Orientia?
Fever x 2-3 wks
Severe deep muscle aches
Rash
Gram stain, shape and air requirement for Mycoplasma pneumoniae?
Atypical w/ no cell wall
Poor staining
What is the microbe that causes Primary Atypical Pneumonia?
What is this type of pneumonia aka?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Walking pneumonia
Walking pneumonia primarily occurs in what patient population?
School aged children
Young adults- especially military
What kinds of S/Sx will a PT w/ Walking Pneumonia present w/?
Headache
Malaise
Paroxysmal cough
What type of microbe may infiltrate lungs more extensively than clinical findings would suggest?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
What are the agents of Chlamydia Pneumoniae?
Pneumonias
Bronchitis
Sinusitis
Asymptomatic w/ mild cough
What microbe is the probable agent of atherosclerosis?
Chlamydia Pneumoniae
Gram stain, shape and air requirement for Chlamydia trachomatis?
Atypical GN
Obligate intracellular parasite
What are the two forms of Chlamydia trachomatis?
Elementary bodies: infectious form, metabolically inactive, moderately resistant to harsh environments
Reticulate Bodies: converted from elementary bodies, noninfectious, metabolically active
What are the cell structures of Chlamydia trachomatis?
Lipopolysaccharide- weak endotoxin activity
MOMP- structural component of cell wall
What is the reproduction cycle of Chlamydia trachomatis?
EB enters host
EB converts to RB
RB replicates bacterial cells and produces EB
What microbe is referred to as Non-gonococcal urethritis?
Chlamydia trachomatis
What is the leading cause, 50% of STDs?
Chlamydia trachomatis
Where is the incubation/residence location of Chlamydia trachomatis?
Males- urethritis, can lead to epididymitis and infertility
Females- cervicitis, usually asymptomatic. Often leads to salpingitis, infertility or PID
Chlamydia trachomatis is usually transmitted with what other microbe?
Which one lasts longer?
Gonorrhea
Chlamydia trachomatis lasts longer after gonorrhea has been treated
What microbe causes Inclusion Conjunctivitis disease?
Chlamydia trachomatis
What microbe causes Trachoma
Chlamydia trachomatis
What microbe causes Lymphogranuloma venereum?
Chlamydia trachomatis
Involvement of inguinal lymph nodes
What is the typical treatment for Chlamydia trachomatis?
Doxy
Tetracycline
Erythromycin
Gram stain, shape and air requirement for Neisseria Gonorrhoeae?
GNC in pairs
Intra or Extracellular regarding phagocytes
Where does Neisseria Gonorrhoeae reside and cause symptoms in the male and female body?
Male- urethritis Female- endocervix or PID Pharyngitis Rectal infections Septic arthritis
What are the virulence factors of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae?
Beta lactamase
Pili
Porin proteins- resist phagocytosis
Lipooligosaccharide w/ Lipid A endotoxin
Gram stain, shape and air requirement for Neisseria Meningitidis?
GNC paired
What microbe is the #2 cause of meningitis?
Neisseria Meningitidis
Often causes secondary invasive tissue necrosis
What are the Antigenic groups of Neisseria Meningitidis?
A B C W Y
B C Y- problomatic
What microbe predominates school aged/college aged students?
Neisseria Meningitidis
Sub-Saharan Africa is noted for documenting/reporting thousands of cases per year of what microbe?
Neisseria Meningitidis
What are the vaccines for Neisseria Meningitidis?
Meningococcal conjugate vaccine Groups ACWY
Group B meningococcal vaccine
What was Moraxella catarrhalis formerly known as?
Branhamella catarrhalis
Gram stain, shape and air requirement for Moraxella catarrhalis??
GNC in pairs
What is the medical significance of Moraxella catarrhalis?
3rd most common cause of URIs w/ otitis media and sinusitis in children
Bronchitis/pneumonia in children/adults (top 3-4 cause)
Haemohpilus ducreyi are visually identified by what unique shape?
School of fish arrangement
What microbe causes chancroid, primarily in Asia?
Haemohpilus ducreyi
Gram stain, shape and air requirement for Haemophilus influenzae?
GN CB small short rod
Strict obligate parasite
Haemophilus influenzae is encapsulated strains are in _ antigenic types
6
A-F
B is most virulent
Where can Haemophilus influenzae be found and considered normal flora?
URT
Mouth
What microbe is UNUSUAL in the first 2 months of life?
Haemophilus influenzae
Almost all cases occur in children under 2y/o
What age range is epiglottitis usually present?
Children slightly older, 2-4y/o
What is the vaccine for Haemophilus influenzae?
HIB
What is Haemophilus influenzae a etiologic agent of?
Fulminating meningitis Invades nasopharynx and spreads systemically Top 5-6 causes of pneumonia Exacerbates COPD Conjunctivitis
Non-HIB can be an etiologic agent of what diagnosis?
Otits media
Sinusitis
What are the virulence factors of Haemophilus influenzae?
Type B polysaccharide capsule
Fimbriae (pili)
IgA protease
Ciliostatic factor
Gram stain, shape and air requirement for Bordatella pertussis?
GNB GNCB
What is Bordatella pertussis an etiologic agent of?
Pertussis
Whooping Cough
Bronchitis
Which microbe is of concern due to it’s ability to re-emerg due to reduce imms rate or inadequate vaccine quality?
Bordatella pertussis
Why does Bordatella pertussis have virulence?
Pertussis toxin
Thick capsule
Exudate
Gram stain, shape and air requirement for Francisella tularensis?
Very small GNB
What diseases can Francisella tularensis cause?
Tularemia
Ulcerations at site of entry
Typhoidal tularemia
Pneumonic tularemia
Francisella tularensis ulcerations lead to involvement of what 3 things?
Glandular
Nodular
Lymph node
What are the virulence factors of Francisella tularensis?
Intracellular pathogen, survives in macrophages
Antiphagocytic, protects from complement
Requires strong immune response to control replication
How is Francisella tularensis transmitted?
Contact w/ infected tissues
Blood
Body fluids from ticks, deer flies, rabbits, cats, rodents, and dried body fluids in dust
Gram stain, shape and air requirement for Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus?
Small GNCB
What are Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus etiologic agents of?
Brucellosis (zoonotic disease)
Bangs disease
What is the key sign/symptom of Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus?
Undulant fever
What are the virulence factors of Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus?
Intracellular replication
Survives and replicates inside phagocytes
How is Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortu transmitted?
Unpasteurized dairy products
Contact w/ contaminated blood/body fluids/tissue
Gram stain, shape and air requirement for Acinetobacter baumannii?
GNB
What type of media does Acinetobacter baumannii grow on?
MacConkey agar
Where is Acinetobacter baumannii found naturally?
Soil
Water
What does it mean when Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen?
Post-traumatic wound abscess
Septicemia
What countries is Acinetobacter baumannii associated with?
Vietnam
Afghanistan
Iraq
Gram stain and shape for Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
GNB
What is the medical significance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Nosocomial infections- especially compromised/debilitated PTs
What type of microbe frequently colonize in respiratory tracts of CF PTs?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
What are the virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Protein inhibitors
Exotoxins
Capsule in CF strains
What is the recommended treatment route for Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Resistant to most ABX
Aminoglycosides and broad spect penicililns
Gram stain and shape for Legionella pneumophila?
GNB pleomorph
What pneumonia microbe usually occurs in breakouts instead of single occurences?
Legionella pneumophila
What are the virulence factors of Legionella pneumophila?
Intracellular parasite- macrophages Superoxide and hydroxyl radicals Inhibs phagosome-lysosome activity Flagella Secretes proteins
The leading cause of bacterial conjunctivitis?
Haemophilus influenzae
What type of PT is Klebsiella pneumoniae likely to infect?
Intubated PT
Pneumonia
UTIs
What microbes are likely to be found on/in burned PTs?
Enterobacter
Providencia
What microbe is of the Enterobacteriaceae family and presents with S/Sx similar to Cholera and dysentery?
Aeromonas
Which microbe of the Enterobacteriaceae family presents similarly to Shigella?
Plesiomonas
What is the Gram stain and shape of Yersinia Pestis?
GNB
What is Yersinia Pestis an etiological agent of?
Bubonic plague
Pneumonic plague
What microbe leads to the Black Death?
Yersinia Pestis necrotic factors
What are the virulence factors of Yersinia Pestis?
Antiphagocytic
Capsule
Plasminogen activator protease
How is Yersinia Pestis transmitted?
Fleas
Direct contact infected animals
Oral droplets coughed during pneumonia
What microbe may be alive and contagious if coughed up by PT?
Yersinia Pestis
How is Yersinia entercolitica transmitted?
Contaminated pork
Milk
Water
What type of microbe invades Peyers patches and can present with bloody diarrhea?
Yersinia entercolitica
What microbe may be present in stool eliminations for up to 90 days after treatment?
Yersinia entercolitica
What microbe is predominant in cooler areas and exceeds Shigella and approaches Salmonella/Campylobacter?
Yersinia entercolitica
What is the Gram stain and shape of Escherichia coli?
GNB
Escherichia coli taxomony is based off of which antigen combinations?
O and H
What microbe is a coliform and predominantly a normal flora in the guy?
Escherichia coli
What are the 3 primary coliforms?
Escherichia
Klebsiella
Enterobacter
What microbe cause nearly all UTIs in outpatient females?
Escherichia coli
How does Escherichia coli attach itself to cells in the urinary tract?
Fimbriae
Number one cause of meningitis
Number two cause?
Strep pneumo
N. meningitidis
What is the source of Escherichia coli infections?
Fecal contamination
Poor hygiene
Nosocomial
What microbe causes Traveler’s Diarrhea due to cholera-like toxin?
Entertoxic E Coli
How does Enterotoxic E Coli induce its effects on a patient?
Enter small intestine and release Heat-labile and/or heat-stable enterotoxins
What does Entertoxic E Coli induce on the body’s ion balance?
Hypersecretion of water and Cl
Inhibits absorption of Na
What is the S/Sx Entertoxic E Coli presents with that is different than cholera?
Water stools w/out mucus and blood
8-12 unformed stools per day x 4-5days
What microbe causes Hemorrhagic colitis?
How does this microbe initiate it’s effects?
Enterhemorrhagic E. Coli
Produces verotoxin- aka Shiga Toxin causing shigella-like symptoms
What type of microbe will invade and multiply inside epithelial cells?
Enterhemorrhagic E. Coli
What are the S/Sx of Enterhemorrhagic E. Coli?
Severe abdominal cramps
Watery diarrhea w/ blood
Inflammation
NO FEVER
What microbe causes Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome?
Enterhemorrhagic E. Coli
What is the primary antigen group of Enterhemorrhagic E. Coli?
O157:H7
What is the mode of transmission of Enterhemorrhagic E. Coli?
Ingestion of contaminated meat
Cattle, chickens carry microbe as fecal flora
What form of E Coli utilizes adhesion proteins to bind and enter intestinal cells making it a highly invasive microbe?
Enteroinvasive E Coli
Shiga-like Toxin producing E Coli
What form of E coli is a danger in Day Cares or Nursing Homes?
Enteropathogenic E Coli- EPEC
What is the Gram-stain and shape of Shigella?
GNB
What family does Shigella belong to?
Enterobacteriacease
What are the 4 species of Shigella determines by Ag grouping?
S. dysenteriae- Ag A (least)
S. flexneri- Ag B (25%)
S. boydi- Ag C (rare)
S. sonnei- Ag D (most)
Which Ag of Shigella is least frequently isolated in the US?
Ag A
What Ag of Shigella makes up 25% of Shigella isolated in the US?
Ag B
What Ag of Shigella is the most frequently isolated?
Ag D
How is Shigella transmitted?
Fecal-oral
Food/water w/ fecal contaminants
A Shigella infection can be established with as few as _____ bacteria
200
What age population makes up 2/3 of all Shigella cases?
Children under 10 y/o
What microbe causes enterocolitis syndrome?
Shigellosis
Bacillary Dysentary
What microbe can colonize in the intestines and turn the a green color?
Shigella
How is the toxin producing effects of Shigella damaging to the body?
Shiga Toxin AB type- disrupts protein synthesis and damages the intestinal lining
What Ag groups of Shigella produce which toxins?
Endotoxin present in all strains
S. dysenteriae Type I- neurotoxin and enterotoxin
S. glexneri produce enterotoxins
What are the symptoms of a Shigella infection?
Diarrhea
Lesions on colon w/ pus and blood in feces
Fever
How does Shigella progress through the body?
Attach and penetrates mucosal cells
Bacteria multiply intracellularly causing epithelial death and sloughing
Bacteria release endotoxin stimulating inflammatory response
Exotoxin stimulates fluid loss
What is the recommended treatment plan for Shigella?
Rehydration and electrolyte replacement
3rd generation cephalosporin
What microbe can cause/lead to a septic joint?
Gonorrhea
Staph Aureus
What is the Gram stain and shape of Salmonella?
GNB
What family does Salmonella belong to?
Enterobacteriaceae
What is the one major species of Salmonella?
How many serotypes?
Salmonella enterica
2500 characterized by O or H Ags
What microbe causes Typhoid fever?
Salmonella
Salmonella enterica, serovar Typhi
95% of Salmonella isolates belong to which Ag groups?
Which ones are predominate in US?
A B C1 C2 D-H Vi B and D predominant in USA
What is the source and route of transmission for Salmonella?
Contaminated food or water
Eggs
Dairy
Contaminated surfaces
What microbe is a normal and frequent flora of poultry?
Salmonella
What microbe can be killed by stomach acids requiring a large amount of bacteria to be ingested to establish an infection?
Salmonella
What are the pathogens and diseases of Salmonella?
Acute gastroenteritis caused by Salmonella Enteritidis
What are the S/Sx of a PT with Salmonella enteritidis?
Bacteria invade mucous membrane and cause acute inflammatory response
V and Diar.
Fever
What microbe causes Enteric Fever?
Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi
What microbe invades the terminal portions of the small intestine and invade lymphoid follicles to multiply?
Salmonella typhi
Where does the Salmonella typhi bacteria localize within the body?
Gallbladder
Spleen
Liver
Bones
When a person is a carrier of Salmonella typhi, where are they carrying the microbe?
Gallbladder
What is the treatment recommendation for Salmonella Typhi?
ABX
When is the Salmonella typhi vaccine recommended for use?
High risk
Endemic regions
Household members are carriers
What is the Gram stain and shape of Helicobacter pylori?
GNB curved
What are the diagnostic tests needed for Helicobacter pylori?
Breath test to detect urease
Endoscopy and biopsy
Culture requires microaerophilic and special growth media
DNA probe
What is the Gram stain and shape of Campylobacter jejuni?
GNB, thin curved rod, S or gull shaped
What is the transmission and epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni?
Ingestion of fecal contaminants in food- chicken
Raw milk
Non chlorinated water
What is the number 1 or 2 cause of gastroenteritis in North America?
Campylobacter jejuni
What are the virulence factors of Campylobacter jejuni?
Grows in human bile
Flagella
Adhesive molecules
Cytolethal Distending toxin- AB type toin that has DNase activity (damages DNA)
What is the recommended treatment for Camplobacter jejuni?
Rehydration
Electrolyte
Where is Vibrio vulnificus found and what does it cause?
Warm, coastal seawater Acute gastroenteritis Primary septicemia Severe cellulitis w/ hemorrhagic bullae Ingestion of seafood, especially oysters
What microbe is so rare that there are only 100 reported cases per year?
Vibrio vulnificus
What are the sources and results of Vibrio parahemolyticus
Gastroenteritis from shellfish ingestion (oysters)
Common cause of gastroenteritis in Asian coasts
What is the Gram stain and appearance of Vibrio Cholerae?
GNB curved
Most pathogens of Vibrio Cholera belong to what Ag group?
O1 or O139
What microbe is the cause of entercolitis syndrome aka gastroenteritis?
Vibrio cholera
What areas of the world are especially susceptible to Vibrio cholera?
Tropical Asia
ESPECIALLY INDIA
Africa
South/Central America
How is vibrio cholera transmitted?
Ingestion of contaminated water, food or bathing
Where does the Vibrio cholera microbe localize to in the body?
What effect does it exert there?
Small intestine
Hypersecretion of water and Cl by reversing ion transport
16L per day of rice water stool
What is the mortality rate of cholera if untreated?
50%
What are the treatment and control procedures for cholera?
Good hygiene Fluid/electrolyte replacement along w/ glucose/sucrose IV w/ multi-electrolyte solution ABX Vaccine not recommended by WHO
What is the Cell Wall Antigen?
What is the Flagella Antigen?
What is the Capsule Antigen?
O
H
K
What is the Gram stain and shape of Entercoccus Faecalis?
GPC in chains
What is Enterococcus Faecalis an etiologic agent of?
Nosocomial infections- surgical and UTI
Bacteremia
MDR/VRE
What are the Streptococci of human significance?
Beta hemolytics in Groups C F G: Primarily S. dysgalactiae and S. anginosus
Viridans Streptococci- an alpha-hemolytic w/ low disease frequency; abscess, bacteremia, endocarditis, dental caries
What is the Gram stain and shape of Step Pneumoniae
GPC pairs
What type of colonies does Strep Pneumo make?
Large mucoid alpha hemolytic
Of the 90+ Ag types of Strep Pneumo, how many are frequently recovered and infectious?
6
Where is Strep Pneumo considered to be nomral flora?
Upper resp tract of 30-60% of population especially houses w/ children
How does a Strep Pneumo infection start?
Transmission from normal flora to adjacent sites
What is Strep Pneumo an etiologic agent of?
1 cause of lobar and bronchial pneumonia
Sinusitis
Otitis media
Meningities
What are the virulence factors of Strep Pneumo?
Capsule
IgA protease
Some are invasive
What does Group B Strep cause?
Pneumonitis
Neonate meningitis due to innoculation from vaginal flora
When are expectant mothers screened for GBS?
35
What is the Gram stain and shape of Strep Pyogenes Group A?
GPC chains
What kind of colonies does Strep Pyogenes make?
Beta hemolytic
What is Strep Pyogenes an etiologic agent of?
Skin/tissue infections May be accompanies w/ Scarlet Fever Necrotizing Fascitis Exudative pharyngitis Post strep complications- rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis
What two microbes account for 90% of skin infections?
Strep Pyogenes
Staph Aureus
What are the virulence factors of Strep Pyogenes?
Culture
BioChem
Ag detection
What is one of the CNS negative microbes?
Staph saprophyticus
What does Staph Saprophyticus cause?
Second most frequent cause of UTIs in women of child bearing age
The term Streptococcus give what info?
Genus
Species
Group
Ags
What is the most common CNS negative staphylococcus?
Staph Epidermis
What does Staph Epidermis cause?
Bacteremia
Endocarditis
What microbe is the second most frequent recovered pathogen from blood cultures?
Staph Epidermis
What are the Chains?
Strep Pyro
E. Faec.
What are the Pairs?
Strep Pneumonia
Morax
N Meningitis
N Gonorrhea
What are the Curved?
V. Cholera
Camp Jejuni
H. Pylori
What are the Pleomorphs?
Legionella
Diphtheria
Bact. Fragalis
What are the CoccoBacillus?
B. Melitensis B. Abortus H. Influenza Rickettsa Orientia Cox Burnetti
What are the Spore Forming?
What are the Non-Spore Forming?
SF- Cereus, Anthracis, Clost Perfringis (clostridums)
NSF- Listeria, Diphtheria
What are the A hemolytics?
What are the B hemolytics?
A- Strep pneumonia, Viridain Streptococci B- Staph A Strep pyogenes Anginosus Dysgalactiae C F G
What are the Intracellular Reproduction?
Shigella
What are the Intracellular Parasites?
Legionella Chlamydia Trach. Ricketts Orientia Cox Burnetti
What microbes cause Otitis Media?
Strep Pneumonia
H. Influenzae
Morax. Catarr.
What microbes cause meningitis?
GBS- neonates Strep pneumo- 10+y/o (#1) H. Influenzae- Fulminating Meningitis N. meningitidis- #2 Listeria- encephalomeningitis
What is the only microbe with a connection to dental?
Viridans streptococci
Dental caries
What is the Gram stain and shape of Staph Aureus
GBC clustered
What type of colonies does Staph Aureus make?
Large yellow beta hemolytic
What are the invasive tissue infections caused by Staph Aureus
Pyogenic Folliculitis Furuncles Cellulitis Impetigo Abscess-post surgical/trauma
How does Staph Aureus cause food poisoning?
Pre formed heat stable enterotoxin
What is the time and temp requirement for Staph Aureus to induce food poisoning?
28*C x 2-4hrs
How does TSS infect men and women?
Men- Focal/surgical wounds and non-menstruating women)
Women- tampon
What microbe causes Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in children under 5 y/o?
Staph Aureus
What microbe can infect bones/joints after device implantation?
Staph Aureus
What is Staph Aureus resistant against?
Beta-lactamase
MRSA
VRSA
MDR
What two microbes have their genes on plasmids?
Entertoxic E. coli
Staph Aureus
Pneumonia causing microbes
Staph aureus- 2%
Strep pneumonia- #1, 50% in children and elderly
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Legionella pneumophilia- top 5 causes
Francisella tularensis
Haemophilus influenzae- top 5-6 causes, especially in adults
Moraxella catarrhalis- top 3-4, children/adults
Chlyamydia pneumoniae
Stopped at mycoplasma
What microbe is transmitted by cough during pneumonia?
Yersinia Pestis
What microbe can causes asymptomatic pneumonia?
Chlamydia pneumoniae
What microbe causes erysipelas?
Strep Pyogenes GroupA