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A&P1 Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What are the regions of the lower extremity?

A 
Gluteal
Thigh
Knee- patellar/popliteal
Leg/Crural- Anterior/sural
Food (pedal)
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2
Q

How does the pelvic girdle attach to the vertebral column?

A

Sacroiliac joint

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3
Q

Weight bearing appendage needs _____

A

Strength

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4
Q

Locomotion appendage needs _____

A

Flexibility

ROM

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5
Q

Structural compromise between _____ and _____

A

Stability

RoM

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6
Q

What 3 bones make up the Ox Coxae?

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

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7
Q

How many tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges?

A

7 Tarsals
5 Metatarsals
14 Phalanges

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8
Q

Hip/ox coxae is AKA?

A

Innominate bone

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9
Q

What are the significance/importance of skin dimples?

A

Position of the posterior superior iliac spines

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10
Q

3 parts of the pelvis/girdle?

A

Sacrum
Coccyx
Innominate bones

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11
Q

What is the anterior union of the hip bones called?

A

Anterior- Pubic symphysis

Posterior w/ sacrum @ sacroiliac joint

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12
Q

The term pelvis means _____

A

Basin

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13
Q

What comprises the term “bony pelvis”?

A

Ring of hip bones, pubic symphysis and sacrum

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14
Q

Where is the false/greater pelvis?

How do they differ by gender?

A

Bony pelvis superior to pelvic brim
Males- deep
Female- shallow

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15
Q

Where is the true/lesser pelvis?

A

Bony pelvis inferior to pelvic brim

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16
Q

What organs are located w/in the pelvic cavity?

A

Bladder
Large intestine (parts)
Reproductive organs

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17
Q

Define Coxa Vara

A

Hip abnormality where angle between top of the femur and femoral shaft is smaller than normal

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18
Q

Define Coxa Valga

A

Hip abnormality where angle between top of femur and femoral shaft is larger than normal

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19
Q

Difference Coxa Vara and Coxa Valga

A

Vara- less, horizontal neck

Valga- more, vertical neck

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20
Q

What can cause changes in the angle of inclination of the femur head?

A

Age
Sex
Development
Pathological

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21
Q

What are the 7 bones of the foot?

A 
Talus
Calcaneous
Navicular
Cuboid
Cuneiforms- 3
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22
Q

Ballet dancers have what kind of common fracture?

A

Metatarsal Fx

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23
Q

What are the two arches of the foot?

A

Longitudinal arch

Transverse arch

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24
Q

What are the 3 functions of the arches of the foot?

A

Distribute weight
Leverage
Yield/spring as weight is added/removed (stores engery)

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25
Where does the medial part of the longitudinal arch originate?
O- calcaneous, through talus, descends through navicular, cuneiforms and heads of 3 medial metatarsals
26
Where does the lateral part of the longitudinal arch originate?
O- calcaneous, rises at cuboid, descends to head of two lateral metatarsals
27
What forms the transverse arch of the foot?
Formed by cuboid, 3 cuneiforms, bases of all 5 metatarsals
28
Heel carries __% of weight Ball of foot carries _% of weight How is the weight redistributed when wearing high heels?
Heel- 60 Ball- 40 Ball carries 80%
29
What are the 3 fascia?
Fascia lata/illiotibial Crural fascia Retinacula
30
What is the deep fascia of the thigh? Where does it attach? How many compartment areise here?
Fascia Lata Superior: inguinal ligament 3
31
What is the defect of the fascia lata called?
Saphenous hiatus
32
What is the iliotibial tract of the fascia lata?
Lateral thickening of fascia Distal attachment: lateral tibial condyle Insertion of gluteus max and tensor fascia latae muscles
33
What is the deep fascia of the leg?
Crural fascia | Attachment: anterior/medial border of tibia, continuous w/ periosteum
34
What two structures divide the leg into compartments?
Crural intermusclar septa Interosseous membrane 3 compartment
35
What does the Crural Fascia form near the ankles?
Thickens to form extensor retinacula
36
Where does the abdominal aorta split into the iliac arteries?
L4
37
What is the primary artery of the pelvis? | What does it supply?
Internal iliac Pelvic viscera/perineum Superior portions of lower limb via gluteal and obturator artery
38
What are the two subdivisions of the External iliac? | Where do the subdivision take place?
Femoral- distal to inguinal ligament | Popliteal- distal to adductor hiatus
39
What two branches does the Popliteal artery divide into?
Anterior tibial artery- dorsalis pedis | Posterior tibial artery- medial/lateral plantar arteries
40
Where are the superficial veins?
Subcutaneous tissue Not accompanied by corresponding artery Less dense valves
41
Where are the deep veins?
Deep to fascia Accompany major arteries Dense valves
42
What are the two superficial drainage veins?
Great saphenous | Small saphenous
43
What forms the Great Saphenous vein? Where does it come from/go to? Where does it empty?
Dorsal vein of great toe and dorsal venous arch Ascends anterior/medial w/ saphenous nerve and passes posterior to medial condyle of femur Empties into femoral vein
44
What does the great saphenous vein anastomose with?
Small saphenous vein
45
What forms the small saphenous vein? | Where does it empty into?
Dorsal vein of small toe and dorsal venous arch Ascends posterior to lateral malleolus w/ sural nerve Empties into popliteal vein
46
What is the purpose/function of perforating veins?
Connect superficial and deep veins and contain valves to limit one way flow
47
What structure allows the diameter of the saphenous vein to remain constant through ascending?
Perforating veins
48
What mechanism helps move blood superiorly through deep veins?
Musculovenous pump
49
What veins of the leg are susceptible to developing varicose veins? What valves are the culprits of this development?
Great saphenous and tributaries Veins of saphenous or perforating veins
50
What is the extrinsic muscle of the leg?
Psoas major
51
What are the intrinsic muscles of the leg?
``` Iliac region Gluteal region Thigh compartment Leg compartment Foot dorsum Foot sole ```
52
What two muscles make up the Iliopsoas muscle?
Psoas major/minor | Iliacus
53
What type of joint is the hip joint?
Multiaxial ball and socket type of synovial joint
54
What are the stabilizing factors of the hip?
Bony: femoral head is ball, cup-like acetabulum socket Ligaments Musculature
55
Define Acetabular Fossa
Central acetabulum, non-articular part | Occupied by synovial fat-pad
56
Define Lunate Surface
True articular surface lined w/ hyaline cartilage
57
Define Acetabular Notch
Inferior acetabulum | Bridged by transverse ligament
58
Define Acetabular Labrum
Fibrocartilage lip that increases depth of acetabulum and grasps femoral head
59
What kind of cartilage covers the acetabular and head of femur?
Articular cartilage EXCEPT for where ligament head of capsule attaches
60
What is the Ligamentum Capitis Femoris AKA?
Ligament of head of femur
61
Where does the Ligamentum Capitis Femoris extend from/to?
Acetabular notch to fovea of femur head
62
What is the function of the Ligamentum Capitis Femoris?
Weak, little hip joint strength | Contains obturator artery
63
Where does the articular capsule proximally attach?
Proximally- Edge of acetabulum/transverse acetabular ligament Distal- intertrochanteric line and femoral neck
64
What are the ligmaments of the articular capsule?
Iliofemoral ligament Pubofemoral ligament Ischiofemoral ligament Ligament of femoral head
65
What types of motions do the Iliofemoral ligament, Pubofemoral ligament, and Ischiofemoral ligament prevent?
IL- hyperexptension PL- overabduction IL- hyperextension
66
What is the strongest ligament in the body? | What is it AKA?
Iliofemoral ligament, Y shaped | Ligament of Bigelow
67
What ligament closes the greater sciatic foramen?
Sacrospinous ligament
68
What does the sacrotuberous ligament connect?
``` PSIS PIIS Sacrum Cocyx ALL to ischial tuberosity ```
69
What structures convert the lesser sciatic notch into the lesser sciatic foramen?
Sacrospinous ligament | Sacrotuberous ligament
70
When/what position is the hip join most stable?
Fully extended and/or | Bearing weight
71
What type of hip dislocation is common? | What event may cause an actual dislocation of the hip?
Congenital | Head on car accident
72
What separates the buttocks?
Intergluteal Cleft | Natal cleft
73
What forms the gluteal sulcus? | What does this landmark mean?
Inferior border of gluteus maximus | Lower butt/upper thigh separation
74
What type of motions do the gluteal muscles cause on the femur?
``` Abduct Adduct Rotate Flex Extend ```
75
What are the superficial muscles of the gluteal region?
Glut max/med/min
76
Superior and inferior gluteal nerves go where?
Superior- medius/minimus | Inferior- maximus
77
What type of motion do the superficial gluteal muscles provide?
Extension- maximus | Abduction- medius/minimus
78
What are the shot/lateral rotators of the gluteal?
Deep Piriformis Obturator intern/externus Superior/inferior gemellus Quadratus femoris
79
What does the deep femoral artery supply?
Anterior compartment of thigh
80
What are the branches of the Deep Femoral Artery and what do they supply?
Medial: head/neck of femur Lateral: ascending- gluteal region, transverse- femur, descending- knee
81
Deep Femoral Artery AKA
Deep artery of thigh | Deep peroneal
82
Obturator artery is a branch of ? and supplies where?
Branch of internal iliac Supplies femur head, medial compartment of thigh Branches w/in ligament of head of femur
83
Gluteal arteries are branches of what artery? | What does it and the branches supply?
Internal iliac Superior- piriformis, all 3 gluteal muscles, tensor fasciae latae Inferior- piriformis, quad femoris, glut max
84
Obturator nerve supplies the ___ group which encompasses what muscles?
``` Adductor Adductor magnus Adductor longus Adductor brevis Pectineus Gracilis ```
85
Adductor group of muscles are withing which compartment of the thigh?
Medial
86
Disabling gluteus medius limp is result of nerve damage to what nerve?
Superior gluteal nerve Glut min and medius effected Hips raised on effected side
87
What is a positive trandelenburg sign?
Hip appears to drop to one side during walking
88
What does the inferior gluteal branch of the sacral plexus supply?
Gluteus maximus
89
Where does the sciatic nerve exit the pelvic cavity?
Greater sciatic foramen below piriformis
90
Define piriformis syndrome?
Compression/irritation of sciatic nerve | 10% of people have sciatic passing through piriformis instead of under
91
S/Sx of piriformis syndrom
Buttock pain
92
Where should intragluteal injections be injected?
Superior to line extending from posterior superior iliac spine to superior border of greater trochanter
93
What three muscles of the quad can be visually ID'd?
Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Vastus imtermedius not visible, deep
94
What makes up the iliotibial tract? | Why is this structure unique?
Aponeurosis of tensor fasciae latae and glut max | Most lateral structure of thigh
95
What are the 3 compartments of the thigh?
Anterior Medial- adductor Posterior- hamstring
96
What makes up the anterior compartment of the thigh? | What innervates them?
Extensors at knee Flexion at hip Innervated by femoral nerve
97
What makes up the medial compartment of the thigh? | What innervates them?
Adductor of hip | Obturator
98
What makes up the posterior compartment of the thigh? | What innervates them?
Knee flexor Hip extensors Tibial nerve
99
What muscles are located in the thighs anterior compartment?
Pectineus Illiopsoas Sartorius Quad femoris
100
What muscles are located in the thighs posterior compartment?
Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Bicep femoris
101
What muscles are located in the medial compartment of the thigh?
Pectineus Adductor longus/brevis/magnus Gracilis Obturator externus
102
What is the longest muscle in the body and it's AKA?
Sartorius | Tailors muscle- upper portion forms lateral border of femoral triangle
103
Where do hamstring muscles originate and insert and how are they innervated?
O: ischial tuberosity I: tibia or fibula I: tibial nerve of sciatic nerve
104
What criteria do hamstrings possess?
Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Bicep femoris- long head Adductor magnus: vertical/posterior portion
105
Hamstring crosses what two joints? | What action do they have?
Hip Knee Extending thigh Flex leg
106
OIA of medial compartment adductors?
O: pubis I: femur linea aspera A: adduct thigh at hip I: obturator
107
What muscles are in the medial compartment/adductors?
Adductor longus/brevis/magnus Gracilis Pectineus
108
Adductor magnus has a hamstring portion so it's innervated by what?
Tibial nerve
109
Gracilis inserts on ______, and helps with what motion?
Medial tibia | Flex at knee
110
Pectineus has two layers, what innervates each later?
Superficial- femoral | Deep- obturator
111
What muscle is a transitional muscle between the anterior and medial compartment?
Pectineus
112
Where does the Adductor canal (subsartorial) begin and end?
Sartorius crosses adductor longus | Adductor hiatus
113
Where does the popliteal artery start?
Femoral artery exits adductor canal at adductor hiatus
114
Where does the popliteal vein become the femoral vein?
Entrance to the adductor canal
115
Where do vessels pass through to get from anterior to posterior thigh when heading to the popliteal fossa?
Through adductor hiatus
116
What Adductor hiatus marks end of what/where?
End of adductor canal at opening of long tendon of adductor magnus
117
What is the Pes Anserine?
AKA pes anserinus, gooses foot final common tendinous insertion of conjoined tendon of sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus muscles onto anteromedial proximal tibia Superficial to tibial insertion of MCL (inside hamstring muscle), flex/stabilize inside knee
118
What are the boundaries of the Femoral Triangle?
Base- inguinal ligament Lateral- sartorius Medial- adductor longus Floor- iliopsoas and pectineus
119
How are the major vessels and nerves arranged in the femoral triangle?
``` Femoral nerve Artery Vein Lymphatics Navl ```
120
What would be seen if there was femoral nerve damage within the area of the femoral triangle?
Inability to extend knee
121
What does the femoral canal allow to happen? | What is it normally filled with?
Distension of the femoral vein | Extraperitoneal fat
122
What is at the proximal and distal end of the femoral triangle?
Proximal- femoral ring | Distal- saphenous hiatus
123
What nerve innervates the anterior thigh?
Femoral nerve
124
What nerve innervates the lateral thigh?
Lateral cutaneous nerve
125
What nerve innervates the posterior thigh?
Posterior cutaneous nerve
126
What nerve innervates the medial thigh?
Obturator nerve
127
What nerve is likely to be damaged if there's damage to the ASIS?
Lateral cutaneous nerve
128
What is a good anterior dermatome landmark?
L4 | Cross knee/medial malleolus
129
Where does S1 extend to/from posteriorly? | Where does S2 extend from?
1- Lateral Gastrocnemius | 2- Medial head
130
What is the name of the diamond shaped depression of the posterior shaped depression in the posterior knee?
Popliteal fossa
131
What are the superior and inferior borders of the popliteal fossa?
Superior- hamstrings | Inferior- gastrocnemius
132
What tendons are visible at the popliteal fossa?
Medial- semitendinosus | Lateral- bicep femoris
133
Where does the small saphenous vein empty into?
Popliteal vein
134
What type of joint is the knee?
Weight bearing hinged synovial joint
135
Why is the knee relatively weak mechanically?
Incongruence of articular surfaces | Absence of enclosure of articulating bone
136
What are the 3 articulations of he knee
Femoral->tibial condyle (lat/medial) | Patella->femur
137
What is the capsule of the knee a combination of?
Patella and patellar ligament Condyle/intercondyle fossa Condyle of tibia
138
Where does the synovial membrane attach to in the knee?
Peripherally to patella and edges of menisci | Reflects onto cruciate ligaments
139
What are the 5 extracapsular ligaments that strengthen the knee?
``` Patellar Fibular CL- LCL Tibial CL- MCL Oblique popliteal ligament Acruate popliteal ligament ```
140
Which of the extracapsular ligaments is weak and more often damaged?
MCL
141
Where is the menisci located?
Tibia Medial attached to tibial CL Lateral is not attached to corresponding ligament
142
What part of the meniscus is smaller and more moveable?
Lateral | Nearly circular
143
What is the shape/size of the medial meniscus?
C shape | Larger than lateral
144
Tearing the tibial collateral ligament usually results in what other injury?
Concomitant tearing of medial meniscus
145
Where does the transverse ligament attach?
Connect lateral and medial menisci anteriorly
146
Where do cruciate ligaments crisscross?
Within articular capsule but outside of synovial joint
147
Characteristics of ACL
Anterior intercondyle of tibial to lateral femoral condyle | Weaker of two ligaments
148
When is the ACL tight and what type of movement is it preventing?
Slack w/ knee flexion Tight w/ knee extension Prevents anterior displacement of tibia
149
Characteristics of PCL
Posterior intercondyle tibia to medial femoral condyle | Stronger of two ligaments
150
When is the PCL tight and what type of movement is it preventing?
Tightens during flexion | Prevents posterior displacement of tibia
151
Where does the ACL originate and insert?
O- front of intercondylar eminence of tibia | I- medial side of lateral condyle of femur
152
Where does the PCL originate and insert?
O- behind intercondylar eminence of tibia | I- lateral side of medial condyle of femur
153
What type of movement is the PCL the main stabilizing factor for the femur?
Weight bearing flexed knee | Walking down hill
154
Where does the fibular collateral ligament O/I?
Separate from knee joint capsule O- lateral femur condyle I- lateral head of fibula
155
Why is the FCL less likely to sustain concomitant damage than the medial meniscus?
FCL doesn't directly attach to lateral meniscus
156
When is the ACL and PCL taut?
ACL- knee extended | PCL- knee flexed
157
What are the most common knee injuries in contact sports? | How does it occur?
Ligament sprains | Foot is fixed to ground, force applied against knee and foot can't move
158
Tearing of the tibial/MCL frequently results in tearing of what?
Medial meniscus
159
How does the "unhappy triad of injuries" happen?
Twisting strain of tibial collateral ligament tearing/detaching medial meniscus from capsule which ruptures ACL
160
Severe force directly anterior w/ knee semiflexed causes what?
ACL tear | Allows tibia to slide anteriorly from femur
161
How is the PCL torn?
Landing on tibial tuberosity w/ knee flexed
162
How do PCL ruptures occur?
In conjunction w/ tibial/fibular ligament tears | PCL tears allow tibia to slide posterior to femur
163
Define Runner's Knee
Flexion and extension of knee causes patella to move/glide laterally w/ sup/inf movement in groove of femoral condlye Inc pressure on joint Pain after prolonged sitting, after exercise, worse w/ walking down stairs/squatting
164
Runner's knee is AKA ?
Patellofemoral stress syndrome
165
Define Genu valgum
Knock knees
166
What two structures insert on the calcaneus?
Gastrocnemius and Soleus via Calcaneal tendon
167
Calcaneal tendon is AKA ?
Achilles
168
What part of the saphenous vein is medial
Greater | Travels anterior to medial malleolus, ascends on medal leg and terminates in femoral vein
169
Anterior compartment of the leg is reponsible for what movements?
Dorsiflexion at ankle Inversion of toes Extension of toes
170
Lateral compartment of leg does what movement?
Weak plantarflexion | Foot eversion
171
What innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?
Deep fibular nerve
172
What innvervates the lateral compartment of the leg?
Superficial fibular nerve
173
What movement does the posterior leg compartment do?
Plantarfelxion of ankle | Flex toes
174
What innervates the posterior compartment of the leg
Tibial nerve
175
What are the anterior compartment muscles of the leg?
``` Tibialis anterior Extensor hallucis longus Extensor digitorum longus Fibularis tertius (peroneus) ```
176
How are the tendons of the muscles of the anterior compartment held firmly to ankle?
Superior extensor retinaculum (transverse ligament of ankle) Inferior extensor retinaculum (cruciate ligament of ankle)
177
What are the lateral compartment leg muscles and their innervation?
Fibularis longus Fibularis brevis Innervation: superficial fibular
178
Where does the Fibularis Longus insert?
Base of 1st metatarsal | Medial cuneiform
179
Which tendon crosses the sole of the foot?
Tendon fibularis longus
180
Where does the fibularis brevis insert?
Tuberosity of 5th metatarsal
181
Tibialis anterior and fibularis longus are ___ muscles at base of first metatarsal/cuneiform
Antagonistic
182
Define Tricep surae
Combination of gastrocnemius and soleus muscle
183
Where does the popliteal artery divide into anterior and posterior tibial arteries?
Inferior border of popliteus
184
What does the posterior tibial artery supply?
Most of foot as plantar arteries
185
What are the paired deep veins of the Posterior and Anterior tibial artery?
Venae comitantes
186
What does the Anterior Tibial artery supply?
Anterior compartment
187
Why is the Common Fibular Nerve likely to be injured simultaneously with injury to fibula head?
Winds around fibular neck before dividing | Nerve MOST injured in lower limb
188
What happens if the Common Fibular nerve is severed?
Paralysis of anterior and lateral compartments Dorsiflexors of ankle Evertors of foot causing foot drop (heel drags, impossible for heel to strike first when walking)
189
If a PT has a Common Fibular Nerve injury they adopt what king of gait?
Steppage gait High stepping Raise foot high off ground to prevent toes from dragging
190
Deep fibular nerve is AKA?
Deep peroneal nerve
191
Where does the deep fibular nerve travel and enter the foot?
In front of ankle | Top of foot by passing under extensor retinaculum
192
What doe the Deep Fibular Nerve supply after passing into the foot?
Extensor Hallucis Brevis Extensor digitorum brevis Cutaneous sensation between toes 1 and 2
193
How is the Deep Fibular Neuritis develop?
Direct ankle trauma | Shoe laces too tight
194
Where is a malleolar mortise formed in the foot?
By distal ends of tib/fib where trochlea of talus fits
195
What muscles are used in dorsiflexion
Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum Extensor hallucis longus
196
Wha muscles are used in plantarflexion?
All muscles of posterior and lateral compartment
197
What muscles are used by inversion?
Tibialis anterior
198
What type of motion/movement if inversion?
Outward roll of foot | Inversion-type
199
What muscles are used for eversion?
Lateral compartment | Fibularis tertius
200
What type of motion/movement is eversion?
Inward roll of foot | Eversion type
201
Eversion movement may be associated with what type of foot/knee issue?
``` Flat foot Knock knee (genu valgum) ```
202
What leg bone transfers weight to the ankle joint?
Tibia | Fibula stabilizes
203
Why is plantarflexion less stable in the ankle joint?
Superior surface of talus is wider anteriorly than posteriorly
204
When is the ankle most stable?
Fully dorsiflexed
205
What are the collateral ligaments of the ankle?
Medial (deltoid ligament) | Lateral ligament- weaker
206
What is the function of the medial ligament?
Anchors medial malleolus to talus Stabilizes ankle during eversion Resists extreme eversion
207
What is the most commonly injured ligament in the ankle?
Anterior talofibular ligament
208
Why is a deltoid ligament in the ankle rarely sprained? | When is it injured?
Fibular prevents ankle from move far enough to stretch ligament Injury associated with fibula Fx
209
How many bones and articulations are in the foot?
26 bones | 55 articulations
210
What are the 3 regions of the foot?
Forefoot- toes, metatarsals Midfoot- cuneiforms, cuboid, navicular Hindfoot- calcaneous, talus
211
What is the most common site of foot complaints?
Forefoot | Commonly by bad shoes, foot deformities, degeneration
212
What causes midfoot complaints?
Sprain Tarsal Fx Posterior tibialis dysfunction
213
What causes most hindfooot problems?
``` Overuse Excessive weight Plantar fasciitis Achilles tendinosis Bursitis ```
214
What structures go through the tarsal tunnel?
``` Tom Dick & Nervous Harry Tibials post. Flexor digit. longus Post. tibial artery Tibial nerve Flexor hallucis longus ```
215
Define Hallux Valgus
Foot deformity cuased by pressure from footwear | Lateral deviation of great toe
216
Define Bunion
Enlargement of bone/tissue around metatarsalphalangeal joint at base of big toe
217
Define Pes Planus
Flatfoot | Longitudinal arch/instep collapses and contacts ground
218
What is the way to diagnose Pes Planus at home?
Wet footprint test
219
What is the difference between Clawfoot and Hammertoe
Clawtoe- FGB overpowers other muscles and pulls middle phalanx downward Hammertoe- FGL overpowers other muscles, tip of toe is bent down while middle toe is cocked upward
220
What are the common causes of hammertoe?
Improper fitting shoes
221
Define Talipes/Talipes equinovarus
Clubfoot | Foot twists inferior and medial decreasing angle of arch
222
How is Clubfoot fixed?
Ponseti method
223
What can cause Plantar Fasciitis
Running | High impact
224
Sequence of arterial blood supply to the dorsal foot?
Dorsalis pedis Arcuate/deep plantar artery Lateral Plantar artery, forms plantar arch
225
Sequence of arterial blood supply to the plantar foot?
``` Posterior tibialis Medial/lat plantar arteries Lat. Plant. joins deep plantar artery to form plantar arch Plantar arch-> plantar metatarsal artery Common digital arteries ```
226
What muscles originate off of the ischial tuberosity?
Hamstrings
227
Where does the rectus femoris attach superiorly?
AIIS
228
What is the importance of the auricular surface?
Associates w/ sacrum to form sacroiliac joint
229
What is the superficial vein on the lateral aspect of the leg?
Small saphenous vein
230
Trauma to ASIS affects what nerve?
Lateral femoral cutaneous
231
Trauma to femoral triangle affects what nerve?
Femoral nerve
232
Trauma to great saphenous vein affects what nerve?
Saphenous nerve
233
Trauma to anterior tibial artery affects what nerve?
Deep fibular
234
Trauma to fibula affects what nerve?
Common fibular nerve
235
What nerve innervates the sartorius muscle?
Femoral
236
What forms the medial border of the femoral triangle?
Lateral border of adductor longus
237
What are the venous structures in the femoral triangle
Great saphenous vein | Femoral vein
238
What innervates the extensor digitorum brevis?
Deep fibular (peroneal)
239
What muscles/area does the deep fibular nerve innervate?
``` Anterior compartment Tib Ant Extensor digit Extensor hallicus Fibularis tertius ```
240
What nerves are in the popliteal fossa?
Tibial nerve | Common fibular
241
As the anterior tibial artery progresses inferior, what does it turn into?
Dorsalis pedis
242
What movements do the piriformis muscles do?
Lateral rotate | Abduct thigh
243
What nerves innervate the Adductor Magnus?
Obturator | Tibial for hamstring part
244
What innervates the Fibularis longus muscle?
Superficial fibular nerve
245
What nerve innervates the Tensor Fascia Latae?
Superior gluteal nerve
246
What muscles originate from the ASIS?
Sartorius | Tensor fasciae latae

IPAP (212 decks)

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