A&P1 Lower Limb Flashcards
What are the regions of the lower extremity?
Gluteal Thigh Knee- patellar/popliteal Leg/Crural- Anterior/sural Food (pedal)
How does the pelvic girdle attach to the vertebral column?
Sacroiliac joint
Weight bearing appendage needs _____
Strength
Locomotion appendage needs _____
Flexibility
ROM
Structural compromise between _____ and _____
Stability
RoM
What 3 bones make up the Ox Coxae?
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
How many tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges?
7 Tarsals
5 Metatarsals
14 Phalanges
Hip/ox coxae is AKA?
Innominate bone
What are the significance/importance of skin dimples?
Position of the posterior superior iliac spines
3 parts of the pelvis/girdle?
Sacrum
Coccyx
Innominate bones
What is the anterior union of the hip bones called?
Anterior- Pubic symphysis
Posterior w/ sacrum @ sacroiliac joint
The term pelvis means _____
Basin
What comprises the term “bony pelvis”?
Ring of hip bones, pubic symphysis and sacrum
Where is the false/greater pelvis?
How do they differ by gender?
Bony pelvis superior to pelvic brim
Males- deep
Female- shallow
Where is the true/lesser pelvis?
Bony pelvis inferior to pelvic brim
What organs are located w/in the pelvic cavity?
Bladder
Large intestine (parts)
Reproductive organs
Define Coxa Vara
Hip abnormality where angle between top of the femur and femoral shaft is smaller than normal
Define Coxa Valga
Hip abnormality where angle between top of femur and femoral shaft is larger than normal
Difference Coxa Vara and Coxa Valga
Vara- less, horizontal neck
Valga- more, vertical neck
What can cause changes in the angle of inclination of the femur head?
Age
Sex
Development
Pathological
What are the 7 bones of the foot?
Talus Calcaneous Navicular Cuboid Cuneiforms- 3
Ballet dancers have what kind of common fracture?
Metatarsal Fx
What are the two arches of the foot?
Longitudinal arch
Transverse arch
What are the 3 functions of the arches of the foot?
Distribute weight
Leverage
Yield/spring as weight is added/removed (stores engery)
Where does the medial part of the longitudinal arch originate?
O- calcaneous, through talus, descends through navicular, cuneiforms and heads of 3 medial metatarsals
Where does the lateral part of the longitudinal arch originate?
O- calcaneous, rises at cuboid, descends to head of two lateral metatarsals
What forms the transverse arch of the foot?
Formed by cuboid, 3 cuneiforms, bases of all 5 metatarsals
Heel carries __% of weight
Ball of foot carries _% of weight
How is the weight redistributed when wearing high heels?
Heel- 60
Ball- 40
Ball carries 80%
What are the 3 fascia?
Fascia lata/illiotibial
Crural fascia
Retinacula
What is the deep fascia of the thigh?
Where does it attach?
How many compartment areise here?
Fascia Lata
Superior: inguinal ligament
3
What is the defect of the fascia lata called?
Saphenous hiatus
What is the iliotibial tract of the fascia lata?
Lateral thickening of fascia
Distal attachment: lateral tibial condyle
Insertion of gluteus max and tensor fascia latae muscles
What is the deep fascia of the leg?
Crural fascia
Attachment: anterior/medial border of tibia, continuous w/ periosteum
What two structures divide the leg into compartments?
Crural intermusclar septa
Interosseous membrane
3 compartment
What does the Crural Fascia form near the ankles?
Thickens to form extensor retinacula
Where does the abdominal aorta split into the iliac arteries?
L4
What is the primary artery of the pelvis?
What does it supply?
Internal iliac
Pelvic viscera/perineum
Superior portions of lower limb via gluteal and obturator artery
What are the two subdivisions of the External iliac?
Where do the subdivision take place?
Femoral- distal to inguinal ligament
Popliteal- distal to adductor hiatus
What two branches does the Popliteal artery divide into?
Anterior tibial artery- dorsalis pedis
Posterior tibial artery- medial/lateral plantar arteries
Where are the superficial veins?
Subcutaneous tissue
Not accompanied by corresponding artery
Less dense valves
Where are the deep veins?
Deep to fascia
Accompany major arteries
Dense valves
What are the two superficial drainage veins?
Great saphenous
Small saphenous
What forms the Great Saphenous vein?
Where does it come from/go to?
Where does it empty?
Dorsal vein of great toe and dorsal venous arch
Ascends anterior/medial w/ saphenous nerve and passes posterior to medial condyle of femur
Empties into femoral vein
What does the great saphenous vein anastomose with?
Small saphenous vein
What forms the small saphenous vein?
Where does it empty into?
Dorsal vein of small toe and dorsal venous arch
Ascends posterior to lateral malleolus w/ sural nerve
Empties into popliteal vein
What is the purpose/function of perforating veins?
Connect superficial and deep veins and contain valves to limit one way flow
What structure allows the diameter of the saphenous vein to remain constant through ascending?
Perforating veins
What mechanism helps move blood superiorly through deep veins?
Musculovenous pump
What veins of the leg are susceptible to developing varicose veins?
What valves are the culprits of this development?
Great saphenous and tributaries
Veins of saphenous or perforating veins
What is the extrinsic muscle of the leg?
Psoas major
What are the intrinsic muscles of the leg?
Iliac region Gluteal region Thigh compartment Leg compartment Foot dorsum Foot sole
What two muscles make up the Iliopsoas muscle?
Psoas major/minor
Iliacus
What type of joint is the hip joint?
Multiaxial ball and socket type of synovial joint
What are the stabilizing factors of the hip?
Bony: femoral head is ball, cup-like acetabulum socket
Ligaments
Musculature
Define Acetabular Fossa
Central acetabulum, non-articular part
Occupied by synovial fat-pad
Define Lunate Surface
True articular surface lined w/ hyaline cartilage
Define Acetabular Notch
Inferior acetabulum
Bridged by transverse ligament
Define Acetabular Labrum
Fibrocartilage lip that increases depth of acetabulum and grasps femoral head
What kind of cartilage covers the acetabular and head of femur?
Articular cartilage EXCEPT for where ligament head of capsule attaches
What is the Ligamentum Capitis Femoris AKA?
Ligament of head of femur
Where does the Ligamentum Capitis Femoris extend from/to?
Acetabular notch to fovea of femur head
What is the function of the Ligamentum Capitis Femoris?
Weak, little hip joint strength
Contains obturator artery
Where does the articular capsule proximally attach?
Proximally- Edge of acetabulum/transverse acetabular ligament
Distal- intertrochanteric line and femoral neck
What are the ligmaments of the articular capsule?
Iliofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament
Ischiofemoral ligament
Ligament of femoral head
What types of motions do the Iliofemoral ligament, Pubofemoral ligament, and Ischiofemoral ligament prevent?
IL- hyperexptension
PL- overabduction
IL- hyperextension
What is the strongest ligament in the body?
What is it AKA?
Iliofemoral ligament, Y shaped
Ligament of Bigelow
What ligament closes the greater sciatic foramen?
Sacrospinous ligament
What does the sacrotuberous ligament connect?
PSIS PIIS Sacrum Cocyx ALL to ischial tuberosity
What structures convert the lesser sciatic notch into the lesser sciatic foramen?
Sacrospinous ligament
Sacrotuberous ligament
When/what position is the hip join most stable?
Fully extended and/or
Bearing weight
What type of hip dislocation is common?
What event may cause an actual dislocation of the hip?
Congenital
Head on car accident
What separates the buttocks?
Intergluteal Cleft
Natal cleft
What forms the gluteal sulcus?
What does this landmark mean?
Inferior border of gluteus maximus
Lower butt/upper thigh separation
What type of motions do the gluteal muscles cause on the femur?
Abduct Adduct Rotate Flex Extend
What are the superficial muscles of the gluteal region?
Glut max/med/min
Superior and inferior gluteal nerves go where?
Superior- medius/minimus
Inferior- maximus
What type of motion do the superficial gluteal muscles provide?
Extension- maximus
Abduction- medius/minimus
What are the shot/lateral rotators of the gluteal?
Deep
Piriformis
Obturator intern/externus
Superior/inferior gemellus
Quadratus femoris
What does the deep femoral artery supply?
Anterior compartment of thigh
What are the branches of the Deep Femoral Artery and what do they supply?
Medial: head/neck of femur
Lateral: ascending- gluteal region, transverse- femur, descending- knee
Deep Femoral Artery AKA
Deep artery of thigh
Deep peroneal
Obturator artery is a branch of ? and supplies where?
Branch of internal iliac
Supplies femur head, medial compartment of thigh
Branches w/in ligament of head of femur
Gluteal arteries are branches of what artery?
What does it and the branches supply?
Internal iliac
Superior- piriformis, all 3 gluteal muscles, tensor fasciae latae
Inferior- piriformis, quad femoris, glut max
Obturator nerve supplies the ___ group which encompasses what muscles?
Adductor Adductor magnus Adductor longus Adductor brevis Pectineus Gracilis
Adductor group of muscles are withing which compartment of the thigh?
Medial
Disabling gluteus medius limp is result of nerve damage to what nerve?
Superior gluteal nerve
Glut min and medius effected
Hips raised on effected side
What is a positive trandelenburg sign?
Hip appears to drop to one side during walking
What does the inferior gluteal branch of the sacral plexus supply?
Gluteus maximus
Where does the sciatic nerve exit the pelvic cavity?
Greater sciatic foramen below piriformis
Define piriformis syndrome?
Compression/irritation of sciatic nerve
10% of people have sciatic passing through piriformis instead of under
S/Sx of piriformis syndrom
Buttock pain
Where should intragluteal injections be injected?
Superior to line extending from posterior superior iliac spine to superior border of greater trochanter
What three muscles of the quad can be visually ID’d?
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus imtermedius not visible, deep
What makes up the iliotibial tract?
Why is this structure unique?
Aponeurosis of tensor fasciae latae and glut max
Most lateral structure of thigh
What are the 3 compartments of the thigh?
Anterior
Medial- adductor
Posterior- hamstring
What makes up the anterior compartment of the thigh?
What innervates them?
Extensors at knee
Flexion at hip
Innervated by femoral nerve
What makes up the medial compartment of the thigh?
What innervates them?
Adductor of hip
Obturator
What makes up the posterior compartment of the thigh?
What innervates them?
Knee flexor
Hip extensors
Tibial nerve
What muscles are located in the thighs anterior compartment?
Pectineus
Illiopsoas
Sartorius
Quad femoris
What muscles are located in the thighs posterior compartment?
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Bicep femoris
What muscles are located in the medial compartment of the thigh?
Pectineus
Adductor longus/brevis/magnus
Gracilis
Obturator externus
What is the longest muscle in the body and it’s AKA?
Sartorius
Tailors muscle- upper portion forms lateral border of femoral triangle
Where do hamstring muscles originate and insert and how are they innervated?
O: ischial tuberosity
I: tibia or fibula
I: tibial nerve of sciatic nerve
What criteria do hamstrings possess?
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Bicep femoris- long head
Adductor magnus: vertical/posterior portion
Hamstring crosses what two joints?
What action do they have?
Hip
Knee
Extending thigh
Flex leg
OIA of medial compartment adductors?
O: pubis
I: femur linea aspera
A: adduct thigh at hip
I: obturator
What muscles are in the medial compartment/adductors?
Adductor longus/brevis/magnus
Gracilis
Pectineus
Adductor magnus has a hamstring portion so it’s innervated by what?
Tibial nerve
Gracilis inserts on ______, and helps with what motion?
Medial tibia
Flex at knee
Pectineus has two layers, what innervates each later?
Superficial- femoral
Deep- obturator
What muscle is a transitional muscle between the anterior and medial compartment?
Pectineus
Where does the Adductor canal (subsartorial) begin and end?
Sartorius crosses adductor longus
Adductor hiatus
Where does the popliteal artery start?
Femoral artery exits adductor canal at adductor hiatus
Where does the popliteal vein become the femoral vein?
Entrance to the adductor canal
Where do vessels pass through to get from anterior to posterior thigh when heading to the popliteal fossa?
Through adductor hiatus
What Adductor hiatus marks end of what/where?
End of adductor canal at opening of long tendon of adductor magnus
What is the Pes Anserine?
AKA pes anserinus, gooses foot
final common tendinous insertion of conjoined tendon of sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus muscles onto anteromedial proximal tibia
Superficial to tibial insertion of MCL (inside hamstring muscle), flex/stabilize inside knee
What are the boundaries of the Femoral Triangle?
Base- inguinal ligament
Lateral- sartorius
Medial- adductor longus
Floor- iliopsoas and pectineus
How are the major vessels and nerves arranged in the femoral triangle?
Femoral nerve Artery Vein Lymphatics Navl
What would be seen if there was femoral nerve damage within the area of the femoral triangle?
Inability to extend knee
What does the femoral canal allow to happen?
What is it normally filled with?
Distension of the femoral vein
Extraperitoneal fat
What is at the proximal and distal end of the femoral triangle?
Proximal- femoral ring
Distal- saphenous hiatus
What nerve innervates the anterior thigh?
Femoral nerve
What nerve innervates the lateral thigh?
Lateral cutaneous nerve
What nerve innervates the posterior thigh?
Posterior cutaneous nerve
What nerve innervates the medial thigh?
Obturator nerve
What nerve is likely to be damaged if there’s damage to the ASIS?
Lateral cutaneous nerve
What is a good anterior dermatome landmark?
L4
Cross knee/medial malleolus
Where does S1 extend to/from posteriorly?
Where does S2 extend from?
1- Lateral Gastrocnemius
2- Medial head
What is the name of the diamond shaped depression of the posterior shaped depression in the posterior knee?
Popliteal fossa
What are the superior and inferior borders of the popliteal fossa?
Superior- hamstrings
Inferior- gastrocnemius
What tendons are visible at the popliteal fossa?
Medial- semitendinosus
Lateral- bicep femoris
Where does the small saphenous vein empty into?
Popliteal vein
What type of joint is the knee?
Weight bearing hinged synovial joint
Why is the knee relatively weak mechanically?
Incongruence of articular surfaces
Absence of enclosure of articulating bone
What are the 3 articulations of he knee
Femoral->tibial condyle (lat/medial)
Patella->femur
What is the capsule of the knee a combination of?
Patella and patellar ligament
Condyle/intercondyle fossa
Condyle of tibia
Where does the synovial membrane attach to in the knee?
Peripherally to patella and edges of menisci
Reflects onto cruciate ligaments
What are the 5 extracapsular ligaments that strengthen the knee?
Patellar Fibular CL- LCL Tibial CL- MCL Oblique popliteal ligament Acruate popliteal ligament
Which of the extracapsular ligaments is weak and more often damaged?
MCL
Where is the menisci located?
Tibia
Medial attached to tibial CL
Lateral is not attached to corresponding ligament
What part of the meniscus is smaller and more moveable?
Lateral
Nearly circular
What is the shape/size of the medial meniscus?
C shape
Larger than lateral
Tearing the tibial collateral ligament usually results in what other injury?
Concomitant tearing of medial meniscus
Where does the transverse ligament attach?
Connect lateral and medial menisci anteriorly
Where do cruciate ligaments crisscross?
Within articular capsule but outside of synovial joint
Characteristics of ACL
Anterior intercondyle of tibial to lateral femoral condyle
Weaker of two ligaments
When is the ACL tight and what type of movement is it preventing?
Slack w/ knee flexion
Tight w/ knee extension
Prevents anterior displacement of tibia
Characteristics of PCL
Posterior intercondyle tibia to medial femoral condyle
Stronger of two ligaments
When is the PCL tight and what type of movement is it preventing?
Tightens during flexion
Prevents posterior displacement of tibia
Where does the ACL originate and insert?
O- front of intercondylar eminence of tibia
I- medial side of lateral condyle of femur
Where does the PCL originate and insert?
O- behind intercondylar eminence of tibia
I- lateral side of medial condyle of femur
What type of movement is the PCL the main stabilizing factor for the femur?
Weight bearing flexed knee
Walking down hill
Where does the fibular collateral ligament O/I?
Separate from knee joint capsule
O- lateral femur condyle
I- lateral head of fibula
Why is the FCL less likely to sustain concomitant damage than the medial meniscus?
FCL doesn’t directly attach to lateral meniscus
When is the ACL and PCL taut?
ACL- knee extended
PCL- knee flexed
What are the most common knee injuries in contact sports?
How does it occur?
Ligament sprains
Foot is fixed to ground, force applied against knee and foot can’t move
Tearing of the tibial/MCL frequently results in tearing of what?
Medial meniscus
How does the “unhappy triad of injuries” happen?
Twisting strain of tibial collateral ligament tearing/detaching medial meniscus from capsule which ruptures ACL
Severe force directly anterior w/ knee semiflexed causes what?
ACL tear
Allows tibia to slide anteriorly from femur
How is the PCL torn?
Landing on tibial tuberosity w/ knee flexed
How do PCL ruptures occur?
In conjunction w/ tibial/fibular ligament tears
PCL tears allow tibia to slide posterior to femur
Define Runner’s Knee
Flexion and extension of knee causes patella to move/glide laterally w/ sup/inf movement in groove of femoral condlye
Inc pressure on joint
Pain after prolonged sitting, after exercise, worse w/ walking down stairs/squatting
Runner’s knee is AKA ?
Patellofemoral stress syndrome
Define Genu valgum
Knock knees
What two structures insert on the calcaneus?
Gastrocnemius and Soleus via Calcaneal tendon
Calcaneal tendon is AKA ?
Achilles
What part of the saphenous vein is medial
Greater
Travels anterior to medial malleolus, ascends on medal leg and terminates in femoral vein
Anterior compartment of the leg is reponsible for what movements?
Dorsiflexion at ankle
Inversion of toes
Extension of toes
Lateral compartment of leg does what movement?
Weak plantarflexion
Foot eversion
What innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?
Deep fibular nerve
What innvervates the lateral compartment of the leg?
Superficial fibular nerve
What movement does the posterior leg compartment do?
Plantarfelxion of ankle
Flex toes
What innervates the posterior compartment of the leg
Tibial nerve
What are the anterior compartment muscles of the leg?
Tibialis anterior Extensor hallucis longus Extensor digitorum longus Fibularis tertius (peroneus)
How are the tendons of the muscles of the anterior compartment held firmly to ankle?
Superior extensor retinaculum
(transverse ligament of ankle)
Inferior extensor retinaculum
(cruciate ligament of ankle)
What are the lateral compartment leg muscles and their innervation?
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
Innervation: superficial fibular
Where does the Fibularis Longus insert?
Base of 1st metatarsal
Medial cuneiform
Which tendon crosses the sole of the foot?
Tendon fibularis longus
Where does the fibularis brevis insert?
Tuberosity of 5th metatarsal
Tibialis anterior and fibularis longus are ___ muscles at base of first metatarsal/cuneiform
Antagonistic
Define Tricep surae
Combination of gastrocnemius and soleus muscle
Where does the popliteal artery divide into anterior and posterior tibial arteries?
Inferior border of popliteus
What does the posterior tibial artery supply?
Most of foot as plantar arteries
What are the paired deep veins of the Posterior and Anterior tibial artery?
Venae comitantes
What does the Anterior Tibial artery supply?
Anterior compartment
Why is the Common Fibular Nerve likely to be injured simultaneously with injury to fibula head?
Winds around fibular neck before dividing
Nerve MOST injured in lower limb
What happens if the Common Fibular nerve is severed?
Paralysis of anterior and lateral compartments
Dorsiflexors of ankle
Evertors of foot causing foot drop (heel drags, impossible for heel to strike first when walking)
If a PT has a Common Fibular Nerve injury they adopt what king of gait?
Steppage gait
High stepping
Raise foot high off ground to prevent toes from dragging
Deep fibular nerve is AKA?
Deep peroneal nerve
Where does the deep fibular nerve travel and enter the foot?
In front of ankle
Top of foot by passing under extensor retinaculum
What doe the Deep Fibular Nerve supply after passing into the foot?
Extensor Hallucis Brevis
Extensor digitorum brevis
Cutaneous sensation between toes 1 and 2
How is the Deep Fibular Neuritis develop?
Direct ankle trauma
Shoe laces too tight
Where is a malleolar mortise formed in the foot?
By distal ends of tib/fib where trochlea of talus fits
What muscles are used in dorsiflexion
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum
Extensor hallucis longus
Wha muscles are used in plantarflexion?
All muscles of posterior and lateral compartment
What muscles are used by inversion?
Tibialis anterior
What type of motion/movement if inversion?
Outward roll of foot
Inversion-type
What muscles are used for eversion?
Lateral compartment
Fibularis tertius
What type of motion/movement is eversion?
Inward roll of foot
Eversion type
Eversion movement may be associated with what type of foot/knee issue?
Flat foot Knock knee (genu valgum)
What leg bone transfers weight to the ankle joint?
Tibia
Fibula stabilizes
Why is plantarflexion less stable in the ankle joint?
Superior surface of talus is wider anteriorly than posteriorly
When is the ankle most stable?
Fully dorsiflexed
What are the collateral ligaments of the ankle?
Medial (deltoid ligament)
Lateral ligament- weaker
What is the function of the medial ligament?
Anchors medial malleolus to talus
Stabilizes ankle during eversion
Resists extreme eversion
What is the most commonly injured ligament in the ankle?
Anterior talofibular ligament
Why is a deltoid ligament in the ankle rarely sprained?
When is it injured?
Fibular prevents ankle from move far enough to stretch ligament
Injury associated with fibula Fx
How many bones and articulations are in the foot?
26 bones
55 articulations
What are the 3 regions of the foot?
Forefoot- toes, metatarsals
Midfoot- cuneiforms, cuboid, navicular
Hindfoot- calcaneous, talus
What is the most common site of foot complaints?
Forefoot
Commonly by bad shoes, foot deformities, degeneration
What causes midfoot complaints?
Sprain
Tarsal Fx
Posterior tibialis dysfunction
What causes most hindfooot problems?
Overuse Excessive weight Plantar fasciitis Achilles tendinosis Bursitis
What structures go through the tarsal tunnel?
Tom Dick & Nervous Harry Tibials post. Flexor digit. longus Post. tibial artery Tibial nerve Flexor hallucis longus
Define Hallux Valgus
Foot deformity cuased by pressure from footwear
Lateral deviation of great toe
Define Bunion
Enlargement of bone/tissue around metatarsalphalangeal joint at base of big toe
Define Pes Planus
Flatfoot
Longitudinal arch/instep collapses and contacts ground
What is the way to diagnose Pes Planus at home?
Wet footprint test
What is the difference between Clawfoot and Hammertoe
Clawtoe- FGB overpowers other muscles and pulls middle phalanx downward
Hammertoe- FGL overpowers other muscles, tip of toe is bent down while middle toe is cocked upward
What are the common causes of hammertoe?
Improper fitting shoes
Define Talipes/Talipes equinovarus
Clubfoot
Foot twists inferior and medial decreasing angle of arch
How is Clubfoot fixed?
Ponseti method
What can cause Plantar Fasciitis
Running
High impact
Sequence of arterial blood supply to the dorsal foot?
Dorsalis pedis
Arcuate/deep plantar artery
Lateral Plantar artery, forms plantar arch
Sequence of arterial blood supply to the plantar foot?
Posterior tibialis Medial/lat plantar arteries Lat. Plant. joins deep plantar artery to form plantar arch Plantar arch-> plantar metatarsal artery Common digital arteries
What muscles originate off of the ischial tuberosity?
Hamstrings
Where does the rectus femoris attach superiorly?
AIIS
What is the importance of the auricular surface?
Associates w/ sacrum to form sacroiliac joint
What is the superficial vein on the lateral aspect of the leg?
Small saphenous vein
Trauma to ASIS affects what nerve?
Lateral femoral cutaneous
Trauma to femoral triangle affects what nerve?
Femoral nerve
Trauma to great saphenous vein affects what nerve?
Saphenous nerve
Trauma to anterior tibial artery affects what nerve?
Deep fibular
Trauma to fibula affects what nerve?
Common fibular nerve
What nerve innervates the sartorius muscle?
Femoral
What forms the medial border of the femoral triangle?
Lateral border of adductor longus
What are the venous structures in the femoral triangle
Great saphenous vein
Femoral vein
What innervates the extensor digitorum brevis?
Deep fibular (peroneal)
What muscles/area does the deep fibular nerve innervate?
Anterior compartment Tib Ant Extensor digit Extensor hallicus Fibularis tertius
What nerves are in the popliteal fossa?
Tibial nerve
Common fibular
As the anterior tibial artery progresses inferior, what does it turn into?
Dorsalis pedis
What movements do the piriformis muscles do?
Lateral rotate
Abduct thigh
What nerves innervate the Adductor Magnus?
Obturator
Tibial for hamstring part
What innervates the Fibularis longus muscle?
Superficial fibular nerve
What nerve innervates the Tensor Fascia Latae?
Superior gluteal nerve
What muscles originate from the ASIS?
Sartorius
Tensor fasciae latae
