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P, V, & Assoc. Flashcards

1
Q

Define Sexual Reproduction

A

Production of offspring by making germ cells

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2
Q

Define Fertilization

A

Male gamete uniting w/ female gamete

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3
Q

Define Gonad

A

Produces gametes and secretes sex hormones

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4
Q

Define Ducts

A

Store and transport gametes

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5
Q

Define Accessory Sex Glands

A

Produce substance to protect gamete and facilitate movement

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6
Q

As supporting structures, what do the penis and uterus assist with?

A

Delivery of gametes

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7
Q

Organs of the male reproductive system include ? 4

A

Testes
Ducts
Accessory sex glands
Supporting structures

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8
Q

What are the 6 ducts of the male reproductive system?

A 
Straight Tubules
Rete Testis
Efferent Ducts
Ductus Epidiymis
Epididymis
Ductus Deferens
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9
Q

What are the 3 accessory sex glands of males?

A

Seminal vesicles
Prostate
Bulbourethral glands

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10
Q

What are the 2 male supporting structure?

A

Scrotum

Penis

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11
Q

What is the external ridge of the scrotum?

Where does is start and end?

A

Raphe

Urethral meatus -> anus

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12
Q

What does the scrotal raphe represent?

A

Fusion of genital tubercles from embryonic development

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13
Q

Where does the scrotal subcutaneous layer come from during development?

A

Abdominal structures during embryonic development

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14
Q

What are the 6 layers of the scrotum?

A 
Dartos muscle (smooth)
External spermatic fascia
Cremaster muscle (skeletal)
Internal Spermatic fascia
Tunica vaginalis (parietal and visceral)
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15
Q

What are the functions of the Cremaster and Dartos reflexes?

A

Cremaster- brings testes closer to absorb heat

Dartos- tightens scrotum to reduce heat loss

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16
Q

Where/how do testicles descend into the scrotum during development?

A

Inguinal canal during month 7 of development

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17
Q

What structure is a part of the scrotum AND a part of the testes?

A

Tunica vaginalis
Inner most of scrotum
Outter most of testicle

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18
Q

What does the Tunica Vaginalis develop from?

A

Peritoneum during descent of testes

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19
Q

Where/what does the Tunica Albuginea do?

A

Internal to T. Vagainalis

Forms septa dividing testes into lobules

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20
Q

What are the functional units of testes?

A

Lobules

200-300/testis

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21
Q

What are testicle lobules made up of?

A

Seminiferous tubules

1-3/tubule

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22
Q

What are the 2 types of cells found in seminiferous tubules?

A

Spermatogenic cells- sperm forming

Sertoli/sustentacular cells- support spermatogenesis

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23
Q

Where is the location of spermatogenesis?

A

Seminiferous tubules

Begins w/ primordial germ cell differentiating into spermatogonia

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24
Q

When do spermatogonia enter the testes?

What happens to them once they’re there?

A

5th week of embryonic development

Dormant until puberty

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25
What is the sequence of spermatogenesis?
``` Spermatogonia Primary spermatocyte Secondary spermatocyte Spermatid Sperm cell (spermatozoa) ```
26
What is the purpose of Sertoli Cells in seminiferous tubules?
Embedded among speratogenic cells to support and protect spermatogenic cells
27
What are the 5 functions of Sertoli Cells?
Nourish spermatocyte/spermatid/sperm Phagocyte excesses Control release of spem -> lumen Produce fluid for sperm transport w/in tubules since they can't swim Produce Androgen Binding Protein to keep testosterone in local area
28
What is the Blood-Testis barrier?
Tight junctions between sertoli cells w/in seminiferous tubules to isolate developing gametes from blood
29
What is the function of the Blood-Testis barrier?
Prevents the immune response of the spermatogenic cells surface Ags from destroying developing sperm
30
What are Leydig cells?
Cell in tunica albuginea around seminiferous tubules to produce/secrete testosterone
31
How does spermatogenesis start?
Spermatogonia that undergo mitosis from stimulation by testosterone Spermatogonia that lose contact w/ basement membrane, pass through blood-testes barrier and differentiate into primary spermatocyte
32
What happens to Primary Spermatocytes after differentiation?
Meiosis 1 creates two Secondary Spermatocytes
33
What happens to the two Secondary Spermatocytes after meiosis one?
Meiosis II | One secondary spermatocyte= 4 spermatids after two rounds of cell division
34
What is the last part of spermatogenesis?
Spermiogenesis Haploids -> sperm Gain of acrosome, mitochondria, flagellum
35
Define Spermiation | When does it occur?
Sperm released from Sertoli cells into lumen | Occurs during spermiogenesis
36
Define Acrosome and its contents
Enzyme vesicle for penetrating secondary oocyte | Contains hyaluronidase and protease
37
What are the 4 parts of a sperm tail? | What organelles do they contain?
Neck- contains centrioles Middle- contain mitochondria Principle- longest part of tail End- terminal
38
What hormones starts hormonal control of testes?
GnRH | Stimulates gonadotrophs of anterior pituitary to secrete and release LH and FSH
39
What is LHs influence on the testes?
Leydig cells to produce/secrete testosterone
40
What is testosterone synthesized from?
Cholesterol allowing it to be lipid-soluble for diffusion out of Leydig cells and into blood/seminiferous tubules
41
How does 5-alpha-reductase influence hormones in the testes?
Converts testosterone to Dihydrotestosterone in prostate/external genitals
42
What is DHTs purpose/function?
More potent androgen thought to "spark" puberty in males | Combines with testosterone to influence sexual behavior/desires
43
What is FHSs influence on spermatogenesis?
Indirectly | Works w/ testosterone to act on Sertoli cells to secrete ABP to keep testosterone in tubule lumen
44
What hormone stimulates the final steps of spermatogenesis?
Testosterone
45
What happens once normal levels of spermatogenesis occurs?
Sertoli cells release small amounts of inhibin which reduces the production of FSH
46
3 fates of testosterone and DHT during prenatal development?
Development of male reproductive system/descent of testes DHT stimulates development of external organs Converted to estrogen in brain for region development
47
Male sexual characteristics include what characteristics?
``` Muscle/skeletal growth Wide shoulders/narrow hips Facial/chest hair Thick skin Increase sebaceous secretions Enlarged larynx ```
48
How do testosterone and DHT influence development of sexual function?
Contribute to sexual behavior Spermatogenesis Sex drive
49
What is the main source of androgen production in females?
Adrenal cortex
50
What stimulates/causes males to have heavier muscle/bone masses?
Testosterone and DHT stimulate protein synthesis
51
How do sperm get from seminiferous tubules to the straight tubules?
Fluids secreted by Sertoli cells
52
Define Rete Testis
At hilum of testicle | Network of ducts that bridge straight tubules and efferent ducts
53
Define Efferent Ducts
Coiled ducts in epidiymis leading to ductus epididymis
54
Define Ductus Epididymis
Single convoluted tube connecting efferent ducts and ductus deferens
55
How long is the ductus epididymis if stretched out?
20ft
56
What is the shape and location of each epididymis?
Comma shaped organ at posterior of each testis
57
What is the site of sperm maturation?
Epididymis
58
What is the epididymis' job during sexual arousal?
Helps propel sperm into ductus deferens
59
Where is the ductus deferens located?
Within epididymis where tubule becomes less convoluted and diameter increases
60
What are the 5 ducts of the testes?
``` Straight tubule Rete testis Efferent duct Ductus epididymis Epididymis ```
61
What is the path of the ductus deferens?
Transverses through spermatic cord, enters pelvic cavity, loops over ureter, down posterior surface to ampulla at seminal vesicle
62
Where/what is the terminal portion of the ductus deferens?
Widens into ampulla where it meets seminal vesicle
63
What is the function of the Ductus deferens?
Carry sperm from epididymis to urethra during arousal | Can help with sperm storage
64
What is the function of the Spermatic cord?
Supporting structure ascending out of scrotum with ilioinguinal nerve
65
What are the components of the Spermatic Cord?
``` Ductus deferens Testicular artery Veins Lymphatic vessels Autonomic nerves Cremaster muscle ```
66
How does the spermatic cord help with transporting testosterone into systemic circulation?
Veins carry testosterone via pampiniform plexus
67
Where is the Pampiniform Plexus in relation to the vas deferens?
Anteriorly
68
Why is more pathology found on the left side of the scrotum/reproductive system in males?
R side of pampiniform plexus drains to inferior vena cava | L side drains to left renal vein
69
What 2 things joins to form the Ejaculatory duct?
Union of seminal vesicle and ampulla of ductus deferens | Terminate at the prostatic urethra
70
What is the function of the Ejaculatory duct?
Eject sperm and seminal vesicle secretions
71
Male urethra is a shared terminal duct for what two systems?
Reproductive | Urinary
72
What are the 3 sections of the male urethra?
Prostatic Membranous Spongy
73
Where does most of the fluid portion of semen come from?
Accessory sex glands | Small part from seminiferous tubules
74
What are the 3 contributors of fluid portion of semen?
Seminal vesicle secretion- most Prostatic secretion Bulbourethral secretion- least
75
What are the functions of the Seminal Vesicles?
Secrete alkaline fluids to neutralize urethra and female reproductive tract Secrete viscous fluids to keep semen in female reproductive tract longer
76
Seminal vesicle secretions contain what 3 things?
Fructose- energy Prostaglandins- motility, viability Clotting proteins- coagulates after ejaculation
77
What do male sex gland prostaglandins do within the female reproductive tract?
Stimulate smooth muscle contractions to aid with semen movement to ova
78
Prostate is located ___ to bladder and surrounds ______
Inferior | Prostatic urethra
79
When does normal prostate growth occur?
Slowly until puberty Rapidly from puberty -> 30 Additional enlargement at 45 y/o
80
What are the 3 parts of prostatic fluid and their purposes?
Citric acid- ATP synth. Proteolytic enzymes- break down clotting factors (specific Ags, pepsinogen, lysozyme, amylase, hyaluronidase) Seminalplasmin- decrease number of bacteria in semen
81
Where are bulbourethral glands located?
Inferior to prostate on either side of membranous urethra w/ ducts opening into spongy urethra
82
What are bulbourethral glands role during sexyal arousal?
Secrete alkaline fluid to protect sperm and neutralize urethra
83
What are the 4 fluids that make up the whole seminal fluid?
Seminiferous tubules Seminal vesicles Prostate Bulbourethral glands
84
What give semen the milky color? | What give is the viscous/tacky consistency?
Prostatic fluid- color | Seminal fluid/bulbourethral fluid- viscosity/consistency
85
When/why does semen coagulate and reliquify?
5 min due to seminal vesicle clotting proteins | 10-20 due to prostate specific antigens
86
Define Hematospermia
Blood in semen
87
What are the 3 parts of the penis?
Body Glans penis Root
88
What are the 3 parts of the penis body?
Corpora cavernosa: 2 dorsolateral masses, fibrous tissue | Corpus spongiosum: single midventral mass w/ spongy urethra
89
Glans penis is the distal end of ?
Corpus spongiosum
90
Define corona?
Margin surrounding the anatomical glans penis
91
What are the two parts contained within the root of the penis?
Bulb- posterior corpus spongiosum enclosed by bulbospongiosus muscle (ejaculation) Crura- posterior corpora cavernosa enclosed in ischiocavernosus muscle
92
Define Crura
2 separated and tapered portions of corpora cavernos within the root of the penis
93
What ligaments support the weight of the penis?
Fundiform- inferior linea alba | Suspensory- pubic symphysis
94
Erection is the entrapment of blood within what part of the penis?
Corpora cavernosa
95
Erection is by the ____ nervous system | Ejaculation is by the ____ nervous system
PS- sacral | Sympathetic- lumbar
96
Before ejaculation, peristatlic contraction move semen from where to where?
``` Epididymis Ductus deferens Seminal vesicles Ejaculatory ducts Prostate Spongy urethra ```
97
Muscles of the penis contract when stimulated by what nerve?
Pudendal nerve: bulbospongiousus, ischiocavernosus, superficial transverse perineus
98
How does the penis end an erection and return to flaccid?
Arterioles constrict Smooth muscles contract Sinuses get smaller Pressure in veins is relieved, blood exits
99
Female reproductive system includes what organs?
``` Ovaries Fallopian tubes Uterus Vagina Mammary glands ```
100
Mammary glands are included in what two systems?
Integumentary | Reproductive
101
What hormones do ovaries produce?
Progesterone Estrogen Inhibin Relaxin
102
Where/how are ovaries held in place?
Broad ligamint- part of parietal paritoneum Ovarian- anchors ovaries to uterus Suspensory- attaches to pelvic wall
103
Define Germinal Epithelium
Covers surface of ovaries
104
Define Ovarian Tunica Albuginea
White capsule of dense CT deep to germinal epithelium
105
Define Ovarian Cortex
Deep to tunica albuginea | Consists of ovarian follicles containing stromal cells
106
What layer of ovarian tissues are the vessels, lymph and nerves located?
Ovarian medulla
107
What is a graafian follicle?
Mature follicle ready for rupture/expel a secondary oocyte
108
Define Corpus Luteum
Remnants of follicles after ovulation
109
What 4 hormones does the Corpus Luteum make?
Progesterone Inhibin Estrogen Relaxin
110
What happens to Corpus Luteums as the degenerate?
Form scar tissue called corpus albicans
111
How are oogonia formed during embryonic development?
4th week of development Primordial germ cells migrate from yolk sac to gonadal ridge At ridge, now called oogonia
112
What happens when oogonia undergo Meiosis I?
Change of classification from oogonia to primary oocytes
113
Where to primary oocytes stop in development?
Prophase of Meiosis I | Primary oocyte surrounded by granulosa cells making the structure called a primordial follicle
114
What does FSH/LH do to primordial follicles?
Morphs them into primary follicles
115
Define theca folliculi
Stromal cells surrounding basement membrane of primary follicles
116
What happens to primary follicles as they continue maturation?
Turns them into secondary follicles
117
After secondary follicle is made, what happens to the theca folliculi?
Differentiates into 2 layers Theca internal: highly vascularized cell that secretes precursor androgen for granulosa cells to convert to estrogen Theca externa: outer layer of stromal cells and collagen fibers
118
Define Antrum
Center of a secondary follicle that fills with estrogen fluid from granulosa cells
119
Define corona radiata
Innermost layer of granulosa cells converting into cumulus-granulosa cells that attach to oocyte
120
What do coronna radiata layers secrete?
Progesterone for attracting sperm and promote motility
121
Define Zona Pellucida?
Gel like matrix produced by oocyte to coat itself | Helps adhere cumulu-granulosa cells to it
122
When/where does Zona Peullucida formation start and end?
Starts in Primary Follicles | Ends as Secondary Follicles
123
What stage is the Corona Radiata formed?
Secondary follicle
124
When is a mature graafian follicle formed?
Just before ovulation of mature follicle when primary oocyte completes meiosis I, produces two cells of unequal sizes w/ 23 chromosomes
125
What are the names of the two cells produces at the end of Meiosis I?
Smaller- First Polar Body | Larger- Secondary Oocyte
126
When a secondary Oocyte is released by ovulation, how many steps of Meiosis II has it completed?
Stops in Metaphase of Meiosis II
127
What do the fallopian tubes do after ovulation?
Produce gentle waves to pull oocyte from peritoneal cavity to fallopian tube
128
Where does fertilization normally occur?
Ampulla of fallopian tubes
129
When sperm and secondary oocyte meet, what do they change into?
Haploid + haploid= diploid | Now called zygote
130
Define Anteflexion
Body of uterus projecting anteriorly over bladder
131
What are the 6 parts of the uterus?
``` Fundus- top Body- central Cervix- inferior extension of uterus Isthmus- region between body and cervix Cavity- interior of body Cervical canal- interior of cervix ```
132
What are the internal and external os?
Internal- opening into uterus | External- opening into vagina
133
What are the 3 layers of the uterus?
External to internal Perimetrium Myometrium Endometrium
134
Perimetrium layer of the uterus is a part of what structures?
Visceral peritoneum Laterally becomes broad ligament Anteriorly covers bladder Posteriorly covers rectum
135
What are the two pouches the perimetrium forms?
``` Vesicouterine pouch (anterior) Rectouterine pouch (posterior) ```
136
What is the most inferior location of the abdominal cavity and a site of fluid/blood collection?
Rectouterine pouch
137
What are the two layers of the endometrium?
Stratum functionalis- shed each month | Stratum basalis- permanent, creates new stratum each month
138
What is the function of the broad ligaments?
Double folds of peritoneum that attaches uterus to either side of pelvic cavity
139
What is the function of the Uterosacral ligaments?
Peritoneal extensions on either side of rectum that connect uterus to sacrum
140
What is the function of the Cardinal/Lateral ligaments?
Inferior to base of broad ligaments | Extend from pelvic wall to cervix and vagina
141
What is the function of the round ligaments?
CT between broad ligaments | Extends inferiorly to Fallopian tubes to external genitalia
142
What supplies the uterus with blood?
Branches of internal iliac artery
143
What arteries are in the myometrium?
Arcuate arteries | Branches of uterine arteries arranged in circular fashion
144
What are the branches of the arcuate arteries called and where do they go?
Radial arteries | Penetrate deeply into myometrium
145
What do radial arteries turn into before entering mendometrium?
Straight arterioles- supply stratum basalis | Spiral arterioles- supply stratum functionalis
146
Where does blood leaving the uterus empty into?
Internal iliac vein
147
What is the most inferior part of the uterus?
Cervix
148
What is the extocervix? | What is the endocervix?
External cervix and ox | Endocervical canal to internal os
149
Define Nulliparous Cervix
Cervix that is round, proves no fetus has passed through OR c-section was performed
150
Define Parous Cervix
Child has passed through cervix
151
Define homogenous cervix
Cervix before puberty
152
What might be seen on the cervix during puberty?
Endocervical cells migrating onto ectocervix
153
Define Vaginal Fornix
Area surrounding vaginal attachment to cervix
154
What anchors the vagina to the surrounding organs?
Adventitia
155
What allows the vagina to stretch during intercourse?
Muscularis w/ outer circular and inner longitudinal layer
156
What part of the vagina is continuous with the uterus?
Mucosa
157
The external femal genitalia is encompassed into what single term?
Vulva/pudendum
158
What are the 9 parts of the vulva?
``` Mons Pubis Labia majora Labia minora Clitoris Vestibule Skenes glands Bartholins glands Bulb of the vestibule Corpus Cavernosum ```
159
Labia majora is homologous to what male part? | Labia minora is homologous to what male part?
Scrotum | Spongy urethra
160
What kind of tissue makes up the clitoris?
Corpora cavernosa
161
What is the prepuce?
Layer of skin formed by point of labia minor
162
What is the exposed part of the clitoris called?
Glans clitoris
163
What are the 4 parts of the female vestibule?
Hymen Vaginal orifice External urethral orifice Openings of ducts
164
Define Paraurethral glands
Skenes glands embedded in wall of urethra | Lateral to urethral orifice that secrete mucus
165
Define Greater Vestibular Glands
Bartholins Glands | Lateral to vaginal orifice that produce mucus during arousal
166
Define Corpus Spongiosum
Bulb of vestibule | 2 masses of erectile tissue that capture blood during arousal to narrow vaginal orifice
167
Define Corpus Cavernosum
Distal portion of clitoris
168
What are the 2 parts of the perineum
Genitals | Anus
169
What are the anterior, lateral and posterior aspects of the perineum?
Anterior- pubic symphysis Posterior- Ischial tuberosity Posterior- coccyx
170
What divides the perineum diamond into smaller triangles?
Transverse line from one tuberosity to another dividing into Urogenital and Anal tirangles
171
Mammary glands are anterior to what two muscles?
Pec major | Serratus anterior
172
Define Lactiferous ducts
Closely spaced openings where milk emerges from
173
Why do areola take on a roughened appearance?
Modified sebaceious glands
174
Define Coopers' Ligaments
Run between breast skin and fascia
175
How are mammary glands broken down further for milk production?
One breast contain one gland Lobes- each gland has 15-20 Lobules- each lobe made of several lobules Alveoli within lobules secrete milk
176
What stimulates production and ejection of milk?
Prroducion- prolactin | Ejection- oxytocin
177
Testes are homologous to ?
Ovaries
178
Sperm is homologous to ?
Ovum
179
Scrotum is homologous to ?
Labia majora
180
Spongy urethra is homologous to ?
Labia minora
181
Corpora cavernosa is homologous to ?
Clitoris
182
Corpus spongiosum/penis bulb/glans is homologous to ?
Bulb of vestibule
183
Prostate is homologous to ?
Skenes glands
184
Bulbourethral glands are homologous to ?
Bartholins glands
185
Female reproductive cycle involves what two parts?
Ovarian cycle | Uterus cycle
186
Hormones from what 3 places control female reproductive cycle?
Hypothalamus Anterior pituitary Ovaries
187
What are the two cycles that make up the female reproductive cycle?
Ovarian cycle | Uterine cylce
188
Define ovarian cycle
Changes that occur during and after maturation of oocyte
189
Define uterine cycle
Changes in endometrium to prepare it for implantation
190
If implantation doesn't occur, _____ retreat causing sloughing of _____
Ovarian | Stratum functionalis
191
Female GnRH controls what part of reproductive cycle?
Both ovarian and uterine
192
Where is GnRH released from and what does it do?
From hypothalamus Stimulates release of LH and FSH Stimulates ovarian follicles to produce estrogen
193
What does FSH cause to happen?
Initiates follicular growth | Androgen from LH taken up by granulosa cells and turned into estrogen
194
What does LH stimulate?
Development of ovarian follicles Theca cells to produce androgens Ovulation
195
______ forms the corpus luteum
LH
196
What does the Corpus Luteum produce and secrete?
Progesterone Inhibin Estrogen Relaxin
197
Estrogen promotes development and maintenance of ?
Reproductive structures Breasts Protein anabolism Lower blood cholesterol
198
Progesterone is secreted mainly by ? cells
Corpus luteum | Small portions by cumulus cells around an ovulated oocyte
199
_____ helps prepare mammary glands for milk secretion
Progesterone
200
High levels of progesterone inhibits secretion of ____ and _____
GnRh | LH
201
Functions of relaxin
Inhibits contractions Increases flexibility of pubic symphisis Dilates cervix
202
Functions of inhibin
Secreted by granulosa cells (growing follicles) and corpus luteum (post-ovulation) Inhibits secretion of FSH and LH
203
What are the 4 phases of the female reproductive cycle?
Menstrual Preovulatory Ovulation Postovulatory
204
What day marks the first day of a new cycle?
1st day of menstruation
205
What phases make up the follicular phase? | What phases make up the luteal phase?
Menstrual + preovulatory | Ovulation + postovulatory
206
Preovulatory phase = ____phase
Proliferative
207
Post-ovulatory phase=______ phase
Secretory | Secretion of glycogen by secretory glands of endometrium
208
What is occurring in the ovaries during the menstrual phase?
Increased FSH causes transition of primordial follicles into primary follicles
209
What is occurring in the uterus during the menstrual phase?
Declining levels of progesterone and estrogen causes release of prostaglandis Prostaglandins cause spiral arterioles to constrict and die Stratum functionalis soughs off
210
What is occurring in the ovaries during the preovulatory phase?
Primary follicles have matured into secondary follicles and start secreting estrogen and inhibin Dominant follicle releasing estrogen and inhibin causes decrease of FSH released Dominant follicle->graafian follicle
211
What events are occurring in the uterus during the preovulatory phase?
Estrogen from growing follicle enters blood and causes repair to endometrium Stratum basalis does mitosis and produces new stratum functionalis Endometrium doubles in thickness
212
What events are occurring in the ovaries during the ovulation phase?
Graafian follicle released into pelvic cavity Secondary oocyte surrounded by zona pellucida and corona radiate High levels of estrogen from pre-ovulatory phase causes positive feedback for LH and GnRH, causes ovulation
213
What events are occurring in the uterus during the ovulation phase?
Lining continues to proliferate | Arterioles lengthen, coil and embed into endometrium
214
At home ovulation kits can detect LH surge during what phase of the reproductive cycle?
Ovulation phase
215
What events are occurring in one ovary during the post-ovulatory phase?
Basement membrane between theca interna and granulosa cells breaks down to become corpus luteum after influence of LH
216
What hormones causes corpus luteum to start producing and secreting it's 4 hormones?
LH
217
What happens in an ovary during the post-ovulatory phase if fertilization doesn't occur?
Corpus luteum lasts for two weeks until declining hormones cause degeneration into corpus albicans Lower PIER levels cause increased GnRh, FSH and LH Follicular growth resumes and new cycle begins
218
What happens in one ovary during the post-ovulatory phase if fertilization does occur?
Sperm penetrates zona pellucida causing oocyte to complete Meiosis II
219
What events occur in the uterus during post-ovulatory phase?
Progesterone and estrogen from corpus luteum causes growth and coiling of endometrial glands, vascularization and thickening of endometrium
220
What are the 4 phases of the female orgasm?
Excitement Phase- parasympathetic response Plateau Phase- parasympathetic Orgasm Phase- sympathetic Resolution Phase- sympathetic
221
What is the Essure birth control method?
Coil inserted into fallopian tubes causing scarring and prevents secondary oocyte from traveling down tubes
222
Where do IUDs sit inside of the uterus?
Into internal Os
223
What causes menopause?
Estrogen decline | Hot flashes/sweating from GnRH surges
224
Define Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
At 60 y/o, normal prostate enlargement
225
What does the word vulva mean?
To wrap around

IPAP (212 decks)

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