Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

IPAP > OB Cram > Flashcards

OB Cram Flashcards

1
Q

Cyst size for Premenopause women and management

A

3cm or less: norm variant
5cm or less: no Tx
5-7cm: repeat TVUS 12 wks, persistant= annual
+7cm: MRI/surg eval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cyst size for Post-menopause women

A

1cm or less: norm variant
5cm or less: CA125 level, norm= repeat TVUS 12 wks, perisitant= annual
>7cm: MRI/surg eval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Risk factors for Endometrial CA

A

Nullparity
Obese
PCOS
Estrogen

White
Infertile
DM/CHTN/Gallbladder dz
Early menarche

Late
Irregular
North american/european
Tamoxifen

COC w/ smoking
Old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the primary driver of endometrial cancer risk

Paps stop at ? age

AGC Pap result management

A

Estrogen exposure length

65

Colpo and endocervical/metrial sampling
No concern for HPV status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Post menopause PT w/ HTN, DM and PCOS w/ vaginal bleeding x 2wks, what is next step?

When is endometrial ablation used for Tx

A

Hysteroscopy

AUB w/ reproduction complete
Endometriosis Tx concurrent w/ laproscopic exam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When is Uterine Artery Embolization used for Tx

A

AUB, acute menorrhagia if balloon tamponade fails

Leiomyomatas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Leiomyoma

A

MC pelvic tumor in women that are Estrogen dependent
Round/rubbery

Present: bleeding, pressure, pain, infertility

Dx: US

Tx: COCs (dec bleeding) UAE Hysterectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Adenomyosis

A

Endomettriosis in myometrium

Present: Heavy bleeding or Dysmenorrhea in parous women 40-50y/o

Dx: TVUS, MRI

Tx: Hysterectomy
Progestin IUD
Danadol
COC
GnRH agonist
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Polyps

A

MC Sx: mentrorrhagia

Dx: TVUS, Sonohystography

Tx: if Sx/Large, remove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Endometrial Hyperplasia

A

From recurrent/chronic annovluation due to unopposed estrogen

MC presentation: AUB in post-menopause female +50

Dx:
Pre-Meno: biopsy, Gold Standard
Post-Meno: TVUS= Dx equivalent, <4mm= low risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What classification of endometrial hyperplasia has the highest/lowest chance for progressing to Ca?

How are atypia cases Tx

A

Most: Complex hyperplasia w/ atypia
Less: Simple hyperplasia w/out atypia

Post menopause, no kids: hysterectomy w/ BSO
Pre-meno atypia, wants kids: progestin, EMB q3mon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How are endometrial hyperplasia cases w/out atypia Tx

A

Pre-meno: progestin or COC w/ q3-6mon EMB
Inc progesterone or refer to hysterectomy

Post-meno: COC/progestin w/ EMB q3-6mon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Endometrial Ca

A

MC Gyn Ca in US

MC Sx: vaginal bleeding
Sx: Pressure Irregular bleeding Girth Satiety Bloat

Dx: EMB
Post-Meno w/ stripe 5mm or more= biopsy
D&C if biopsy c/i or persistant bleeding w/ normal biopsy

Tx: Hysterectomy w/ BSO and lymph node staging
HT w/ progestin (Tamoxifen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What Ca condition may require a hysterectomy as prophylaxis

PTs w/ this need to have ? screening procedure started at ? age

A

Lynch Syndrome

30-35y/o: EMB Q1-2yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is endometrial Ca Tx if fertility is trying to be spared?

A

Dx hysteroscopy
D&C sample
Hormone Tx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Functional Cyst

A

> 3cm in woman of reproductive age

Sxs: dull pain, heaviness
Hemorrhagic cyst- inc Sxs

Dx: bimanual exam, US

Cyst + Pain= surg eval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

MC epithelial benign neoplasm

What is the largest

? is MC benign ovarian neoplasm

A

Serous cystadenoma

Mucinous cystadenoma

Benign Cystic teratoma: Germ cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

PT w/ ovarian mass may have ? key Sxs

A

Weight loss
Ascites
Pleural effusions

Bimanual
US
CA-125- if Post-Meno
Dx w/ biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Complex cyst management

Ovarian Torsion

A

Pre-Meno: TVS in 12wks, perisistent= MRI/surg eval
Post-Meno: surg eval

Twisted adnexal component: ovary and tube
Highest rate: adnexa 6-10cm
R more common, L protected by sigmoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Steroid hormones cause maleness

A

DHEA: adrenal- weak

Androstenedione: adrenal, ovary- weak

T: adrenal, ovary, adipose- potent

DHT: follicle, genital skin- most potent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hypertrichosis

Hirsutism

Virilization

A

Genetic variant, not due to androgens

Terminal hair in male patterns, due to androgens

Acne, baldness, hypertrophy, due to androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

PCOS

A

Inc androgens and estrogen

Sxs: Hirsutism AUB PCOs Infertile Obese

Dx: hyperandrogen, olio/anovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Ovarian Hyperthecosis

A

Leutenized theca cells

Balding Hypertrophy Deep voice

Inc insulin resistance
Acanth Nigrans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

HAIRAN

A

Hyper Androgen Insulin Resistant Acanth Nigrican

Hyperandrogen
Severe insulin resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How is hirsutism scored How is idiopathic hirsutism Dx How is it Tx
Ferriman Gallwey system Normal androgen, menses Inc 5-AReductase Mild PCOS ? Ovulation: COC, Metformin Hair: COC, Spirinolactone Flutamide Eflornithine
26
RFs for ovarian Ca
FEP BLOWN PEN FamHx Early menarche Post meno HT ``` Breast Ca Late meno Old White NA/Ne ``` PID Ethnic Nullparity
27
RFs for cervical neoplasm
ALE MET SPICE Age Low status Ethnic Multiple partners Early coitus Tobacco/diet ``` Screening low/poor Parity ImmSupp Cervical HPV Exog hormones ```
28
Cervical Stenosis causes Txs
CIN Tx Hypoestrogen Dilator Vaginal estrogen
29
Nabothian Cyst
Columnar cells trapped under squamous- secrete mucus Not Tx unless pain- cautery/excise
30
HPV 6,11 causes ? HPV 16,18 causes If these last longer than ?mon, risk increases
Genital warts Laryngeal papillomas Cervical Ca 16- most oncogenic; anogenital, oropharyngeal cancer 6mon into squamous intraepithelial lesion
31
Pap smear algorithm by ages
<21: no screen 21-29: Pap Q3yrs, reflex if + 30-65: Co-test Q5yrs, Pap Q3yrs >65: 3 consecutive negatives Post Hyst w/ CIN2 Dx in past 20yrs: annual vaginal swabs x 20yrs past Dx date
32
ASCUS
21-24: Pap 12mon 25-29: Reflex HPV - HPV: Cotest 3 yrs + HPV: Colpo
33
LSIL
21-24: Pap 12mon 25-29: Colpo -HPV: Pap/CoTest 12mon +HPV: Colpo Pregnant: Colpo
34
ASC-H
21-24: Colpo 25-29: Colpo -HPV: Colpo +HPV: Colpo No CIN2: Colpo/Cyto Q6mon x 2yrs
35
HSIL
21-24: Colpo 25-29: Exc/colpo -HPV: Exc/colpo +HPV: Exc/colpo No CIN2: Colpo/Cyto Q6mon x 2yrs
36
AGC
Atypical: Sampling, no pathology= colpo | Other sub-cats: Colpo and Sampling if +35y/o w/ bleeding/anovulation
37
Unsat Cytology
No/-HPV: Cytology 2-4mon | +HPV: Colpo/Cytology 2-4mon
38
No EC/TZ
21-29: routing screen +30: -HPV- routine screen +30: +HPV- Cytology/genotyping 1yr
39
PTs >30y/o w/ negative cytology but are HPV +
Cotest 1yr, ASC/HPV += Colpo ASC/HPV- = Cotest 3yrs DNA Typing: 16,18= colpo Neg for 16,18= cotest 1yr
40
Exophytic cervical cancer arises from ? Endophytic cervical cancer arises from ?
Ectocervix Endocervix
41
What meds may be used for cervical Ca Tx during pregnancy but usually result in loss How often are they f/u w/ How long ar PTs w/ cervical/vaginal cuff pap f/u w/?
Cisplatin w/ cicristine Paclitaxel Q3mon x 2yrs Q6mon x 5yrs post Tx Annually Annually x 20yrs post-Tx
42
What is NOT a RF for vulvar cancer? What microbe causes Erythrasma and how does it appear under a Woods lamp How is it Tx
Breast Ca Corynebacterium- red Wide: Erythromycin Local: Clindamycin
43
? etiology of vaginitis may be mobile when viewed What is the predominant microbe and what defenses does it make? What are the two non-inflammatory causes of vaginitis
Trichomonas Lactobacilli- hydrogen peroxide, lactic acid BV, Candidiasis
44
What is the MC cause of vaginal d/c This MC cause is due to ?
BV ``` Over growth of anaerobes: Gardnerella Ureaplasma Mobiluncus Mycoplasma Prevotella ```
45
Name of criteria for Dx BV One of these criteria is tested with a paper named ? Med Txs
Amsel- pDOC Nitrazine paper- blue Metronidazole 500mg PO BID x 7 days Clindamycin 5g intravaginally x 7 days
46
How is recurrent BV Tx
``` 1st recurrence, no Tx: Vaginal Metrogel or, PO Metronidazole PO Tinidazole Vaginal clindamycin - ALL x 2wks ``` Recurrent Recurrent: Treat acute infection Suppress w/ Metronidazole gel or Tinidazole
47
UnTx BV + Pregnancy can lead to ? 4 adverse events What is the strain of fungus resistant to -azoles
Premature rupture of membrane Preterm delivery Amniotic infection Post-partum endometritis C Glabrata
48
Difference of pH between BV and Candidiasis infection RFs for candidiasis infection What PT population is more likely to acquire non-albicans fungal ifections
BV= pH >4.5 C: pH <4.5, more acidic ID ADOPT ImmSupp Diaphragm ABX DM OCPs Pregnant Tight Women w DM2
49
What are the two preferred med for treating candidiasis infections Chronic candidiasis is linked to PTs w/ ? 2 things How is recurrent VVC Tx
Clotrimazole Metronidazole Mannose binding lectin Inc IL-4 PO Fluconazole Suppressive Therapy: PO Fluconazole 100-200mg wkly x 6mon
50
How are fungal infections of non-albican species Tx Trichomoniasis
Boric acid 600mg PO Fluconazole 200mg Musty/Frothy green/yellow d/c Strawberry cervix pH >4.5 NAAT- gold standard
51
Trichomoniasis Tx How are BV/Trichomnoas co-infections Tx
Metronidazole 2g PO x once Metronidzaole 500mg BID x 2wks Tinidazole Tx the BV
52
Lichen Sclerosis
Post Menopause woman- inflamed dermis w/ paper appearance Dx Biopsy Tx: Topics CCS- Clobetasol Severe- retinoids Phototherapy/5-aminolevulonic acid
53
Lichen Simplex Chornicus
Itch Scratch Cycle, no wax/wane Tx: lubricant, PO antihistamine Unresolved 1-3wks= biopsy
54
Atopic Dermatitis
Allergy/eczema Hx Tx w/ Steroids/Immodulators (Tacrolimus)
55
Psoriasis
Silver scales that are red in folds Autoimmune T Cell reaction Uncommon on Mons Pubis/labia Koebnerization- vulva Trauma Tx: emollient, steroid Maintenance: Dovonex
56
Lichen Planus
Male and female involvement Autoimmune d/o of T-cells Drug induced: BB NSAID Mehtyldopa PCN Quinine Gingival involvement Erosive- MC 5PS- polygon Tx: Clobetasol, vaginal hydrocotrisone
57
Intertrigo
Friction between skin folds causing burn, itch, hyperpigmentation Tx: corn starch Nystatin, Clotrimazole
58
What is the MC cause of vaginal irritation post-menopause
Atrophic vaginitis Tx: estrogen
59
Barthlin Cyst
Occur in duct= no pain CA concern if >40y/o ASx= no Tx unless >40 DONT DO I&D Tx: word catheter, marsupilizaiton- after two failed catheters
60
Barthalin Abscess
Microbial or G/C Tx: ABX if recurrent or high risk: Pregnant Cellulitis Systemic ImmSUpp TMP/SMX Amox/Clav 2nd Gen ceph
61
TSS Vulvar Ca more common in ?
Exotoxin from Staph A 2 after surgery/menses onset Older HIV infected
62
Most Vulvar Cas are ? Women <55y/o vulvar Ca RFs Women >55y/o vulvar Ca RFs
Squamous on vestibule Malignant melanoma- poor prognosis HPV, smoking Same RFs as cervical Ca Non-smoker No STD Hx Long lasting Lichen Sclerosis
63
35 x bigger risk of vulvar Ca risk if ? combo How is this Ca Tx
Smoker and +HPV Wide local incision- microinvasive Stage 1A Vulvar resection if lymph/adenopathy is present Chemo
64
MC complaint of vaginal Ca MC region involved If its on anterior wall, ? Sxs
Bleeding Upper 1/3 of wall Dysuria Urgency Hematuria
65
During childhood, what 3 hormones are low What hormone is suppressing the HPO axis from 4-10y/o
FSH LH Estradiol Estradiol, suppresses GnRH
66
Sequence of puberty changes What variant can occur but is a normal variant
TAPuP Me | Thelarche Adrenarche Pubarche Peak growth MenarchePubarche being first
67
What is the onset of puberty Define Central Precocious Puberty Define Peripheral Precocious Puberty
Pulsatile GnRH causes AntPit to release FSH/LH Dependent, Isosexual High FSH LH Est Independent, Iso or Heterosexual Low FSH LH, High Est
68
Peripheral precocious can lead to ? What labs are ordered
Tumors CAH Cushing Exogenous androgens Hand x-ray FSH LH TSH Pelvic sonograph CNS MRI
69
Criteria for delayed puberty What D/os fall under 1* hypogonadism
No thelarche by 13 No menses by 16 Turners Kleinfelter POI
70
How much blood is usually lost during a period? When are cycles most irregular
20-60mL 2yrs after menarche 3yrs before menopause
71
3 functions of menstrual cycle What phase of the menstrual cycle is variable
Reproduction Ovulation Menses Follicular
72
Acronym for phases and hormones 3 effects of FSH on ovary
PSL- prog sec luteal Ester Pro Life Recruit follicle E/P production Inc LH receptors
73
What phases are present and absent in anovulatory menstrual cycle MC cause of 2* amenorrhea
+ proliferative - luteal Pregnancy 2nd: anovulatory
74
Criteria for 1* amenorrhea Define 2* amenorrhea
No menses by 16 No menses by 14, absent 2* characteristics No menses w/in 3 yrs of thelarche No menses x 3mon who were having menses
75
1* amenorrhea includes ? What are the first 3 steps for investigating amenorrhea
Turner 46XX 47XY ``` Estrogen? US FSH levels: Inc= gonad failure Dec= function/structure issue ```
76
# Define Functional Amenorrhea What can cause this
Abnormal GnRh Low FSH Female athlete triad
77
What causes Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea What are the primary tests ordered for amenorrhea What images are ordreed
10% weight loss Malnourished Leptin deficient Stress hCG FSH Prolactin Estradiol TSH US Saline sonography MRI
78
Frequency of bleeding Regularity Duration Flow
Frequent: <21 days Infrequent: 35 days Amenorreha; absent 6mon Irregular: >20 day variation Prolonged; >8 days Short: <2 days Heavy: >80cc Light: <5cc
79
PALM COINE acronym for AUB
Polyp Adenomyosis Leiomyoma Malignancy/hyperplasia ``` Coagulopathy Ovulatory d/f Endometrial Iatrogenic Not classified ```
80
AUB Acute
``` Stable: COC: medroxyprogesterone Unstable: D&C Balloon tamponade UAE Hysterectomy ```
81
AUB Chronic Tx
NSAIDs One reset: Medroxy COCs ``` Suppression: Progestin COC Depo Levonorgestrel** ``` Antifibrinolytic: Tranexamic acid
82
Prostaglandins play part of ? dysmenorrhea Tx
Primary NSAIDs COCs Progestin OCPs
83
Dexa scan Score ranges
+65y/o 1 RF for osteoporosis Sustained Fxs ALL perimenopausal women Normal: 2.5 - -1 Penia: -1 - -2.5 Porosis:
84
Z score T score
Results to same age <2.0= Dx eval for 2* cause of porosis Results to healthy PT 20-35
85
When is therapy started for osteoporosis
T -2.5 or less Vertebral/hip Fx -1 - -2.5 w/ RFs

IPAP (212 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions