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IPAP > IDz Block 2 > Flashcards

IDz Block 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Coccidio causes ? fevers

Where is Coccidio endemic to and in ? PTs

A

San Joaquin/Valley Fever
C Immitis/C Posadasii

AZ CA NM West TX
Lab
Filipino Pregnant

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2
Q

What are the S/Sxs of a Coccidio infection

How does the chronic version present

A

Pulm: 60% ASx
Acute pneumoina- hilar/mediastinal adenopathy
E-multiform/nodosum

Chronic Pneumonia:
TB-like w/ thin wall cavities/nodules

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3
Q

What is the more common for of Coccidio infections

What parts of the body can it infect?

A

Secondary/disseminated
Fulminant- MC in Filipino AfAm Pregnant ImmComp

Skin
Bones- vertebrae
Meninges

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4
Q

How is Coccidio in Pulm, Disseminated and Meningeal forms Tx

A

Pulmonary: Sx care

Disseminated, severe: Amphotericin B
Other: Flu/Itraconazole

Meningeal:
Fluconazole x life
IV Amphotericin B
New: PO VT 1598

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5
Q

Histo is the MC cause of ? pulm/cardiac issue

What are the S/Sxs of Histo infection

A

Fibrosing mediastinitus

Flu-like, hilar/mediastinal lymphadenopathy

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6
Q

Who/how does chronic pulmonary HIsto present

Who/how does disseminated cases present

If PT is being worked up for Addison’s Dz, ? infection needs to be r/o

A

Male smokers w/ TB like Dz: Bullae Cavitation Granuloma

AIDS/ImmComp: Fever Anemia Weight loss Skin/PO lesions

Histoplasmosis

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7
Q

When Dx Histo, what Dx needs to be r/o

How is Histo Tx

What forms Tx is controversial

A

TB w/ PPD TST

Acute Pulm: only Tx if hypoxemia/ lasts >1mon
Sev: Amphotericin B
Mild/Mod: Itraconazole
AIDS PTs: Itraconazole x life

Fibrosing Mediastinitis- consider if inc ESR or Complement titers >1:32

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8
Q

What forms of Histo is Tx not indicated

Who does Crypto present more commonly in?

A

Self-limited/flu like
Acute pericarditis
Rheumatoid manifestation
ASx

M>W
AIDS when CD4 <200 w/ CNS (MC Meningitis)

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9
Q

What Sx is less common w/ Crypto meningitis and what is frequent

How can the pulmonary version present

How does the cutaneous version present

A

Rare: Fever/stiff neck
Common: N/V

Subacute to ARDS

Papule Pustule Ulcer Nodule

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10
Q

What are two random sites of infection that can indicate Crypto

Why is Crypto hard to Tx

How is it Tx

A

Prostate
Medullary cavity of bones

Encapsulated

ImmComp-
Pulm w/ Fluconazole
CNS w/ Amphotericin B

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11
Q

Who does Zygomycosis infect

What is Paracoccidomycosis similar to

A

Ca
Acidotic DM
Malnourished kids
Severely burned PTs

South American blstomycosis

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12
Q

What are the 5 types of non-albicans yeasts and what are they associated w/

A 
Tropicalis- malignancy
Krusei- resistant to fluconazole
Parapsilosis- TPN
Lusitaniae- Amphotericin resistant
Glabrata- urinary tract, fluconazole resistant
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13
Q

What are the 5 types of superficial Candidiasis infections

What are the two systemic ones?

A 
Intertrigo
Vaginitis
Onychomycosis
Thrush
Esophagitis

Funguria
Candidemia

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14
Q

What PTs get thrush

Esophageal Dz form is seen in who/how?

A

Neonates
DM on ABX
ImmSupp
PTs incorrect inhaled steroids

Odynophagia Dysphagia ImmComp- often w/ thrush

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15
Q

Most systemic/deep Candidiasis infections are Tx by ?

Diarrhea means an abnormal increase in ? criteria

How long is it present for it to be acute or chronic

A

IV Amphotericin B
IV Voriconazole

Weight: 250gm/day
Liquid: 80% water
Frequency: 3/day 2/wk

<3wks
>3wks

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16
Q

How does Acute GE present

What are the different causes of food poisoning and incubation times

A

1-5 days: watery diarrhea, N/V

Ultrashort: 1-2hrs, chemical
Short: 1-6hrs, preformed toxin
Long: 8-16hrs, toxin produce post-consumption

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17
Q

What is the most expensive food borne illness causing microbe

What are two medical conditions that predispose individuals to diarrhea

A

Salmonella

C Diff- PPIs, ABX
Plesiomonas species- liver Dz/malignancy

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18
Q

Salmonella species are more likely to infect ? PTs

Rotavirus is more likely to infect ?

A 
Malaria
Achlorhydria
Sickle Cell
Hemolytic anemia
Dysmotility
ImmSupp
Malnutrition

Hospitalized

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19
Q

Giardia species are more likely to infect ? PTs

When is viral AGE suspected?

A

Chronic pancreatitis
Achlorhdria
Cystic fibrosis
Agammaglobulinemia

No bacterial/epidemiology clues
Prominent vomit
Over <3 days
14hrs incubation

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20
Q

Adenovirus

Calcivirus

A

Fecal/Oral transmission
Serotypes 40-41
Diarrhea Adeno>Rota x 1-2wks
Tx: supportive

Fecal/Oral transmission
Oysters
Lasts 3 days, Tx: supportive

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21
Q

Rotavirus

Unique fact

A

MC cause diarrhea in infants
MC cause of death from diarrhea in developing country
Fecal/Oral spread
Tx: support

Vaccine avail, not used

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22
Q

Cytomegalovirus

What adverse outcomes can occur w/ this infection

A

Usually ImmComp/Crohn’s PTs
Can be invasive/colitis
Watery/melena stools
Tx: support, antivirals

Toxic Mega Sepsis Peritonitis Death

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23
Q

Yersinia Entericolitica

Staph A

A

Raw pork causing Sxs in 1wk
Pseudo-appendicitis/sepsis
polyarticular arthritis
Tx: Cipro, Trimeth/Sulfa

Sudden N/V/D, 30m-8hrs
Tx: supportive

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24
Q

Bacillus Cereus

Clostridium

A

Multiplies in foods at room temps
Spores heat resistant
Rice/pastas- Fried Rice Syndrome
Tx: Cipro, Trimeth/Sulfa

Gas gangrene, mild GI Sxs
Foods high in protein/starches
Not contagious
Tx: supportive

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25
Q

Campylobacter jejuni

A

Community acquired inflammatory enteritis
Fecal/oral, chicken, puppies
or unpasteurized food transmission

Pseudoappendicitis
Abd pain (no pain w/ salmon/shigella)
Fever +104
HA Myalgia +10 BM/day
Dx: stool culture
Tx: Azithromycin
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26
Q

Salmonellosis

A

Nontyphoid
Birds Amphibs Reptiles Fruit/Veg
Eggs/Dairy
Cholera-like diarrhea

Dx: culture MacConkey agar
Tx: Cipro

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27
Q

Typhoid is AKA ? Fever

What are the two types of Typhoid

A

Enteric

S Typhi= typhoid fever, more common/severe
S paratyphi= more mild

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28
Q

How is Typhoid transmitted

What is the hallmark of the infection

A

Fecal/urine contaminated foods

Mononuclear phagocytic cells in Liver Nodes Spleen Peyer patches of ileum

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29
Q

What are the different timing of phases and Sxs of typhoid

A

Incubation: ASx or diarrhea/constipation

Wk 1: HA Malaise Fever

Wk2: Rose spots on chest/abdomen, fade w/ pressure
Bradycardia w/ dicrotic pulse

Wk 3: pea soup diarrhea, AMS, toxic/death

Wk 4: fever, AMS and distension resolve

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30
Q

How is Dx of typhoid definitive

How is it Tx

A

Isolated from marrow sample

Cipro
Ceftriax/Azith in Asia

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31
Q

What are the two microbes that cause 90% of Shigella infections

What does it cause and how

A

Sonnei
Flexneri

Bacillary dystenery via invasion of colonic epitherlium and enterotoxin production

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32
Q

How is Shigellosis transmitted

This infection doesn’t cause but increases viruence of ?

A

Fecal/oral w/ contaminated food/water

Colitis

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33
Q

How do Shigellosis infections present

How is it Dx and what is rarely seen

How is it Tx and what is avoided

A

Bloody/mucus diarrhea w/ lower abdomen tenderness but norm/hyper sounds

Stool culture w/ R/WBCs
Rarely leukocytosis

Cipro
NO narcotic anti-diarrheals

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34
Q

How is ETEC Tx

How does O157:H7 present

A

Loperamide w/ one of:
Azith or Cipro
Aemcolo

Shiga toxin causes watery shifting to bloody diarrhea

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35
Q

How does Cholera present

How is it Tx

A

Painless rice water stool w/ fishy odor
No fevers

Fluid/E+
Doxy/Azith can shorten course

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36
Q

What is the vaccine for cholera and when does it have to be taken

Listeria is dangerous in ? PT populations

A

Vaxchora for 18-64y/os 10 days before travel

Pregnancy- Hispanic
Neonate
Elder
ImmComp

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37
Q

How is Listeria transmitted and how does it present

What are possible but rare presentations

A

Foodborne illness presnting w/ diarrhea

PAMAE
Pneumonia
Abscess
Meningitis/Encephalitis
Arthritis/osteromyelitis
Endocarditis
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38
Q

How do adults present w/ Listeria

How can neonates present w/ this infection?

A

FM BAH
Fever Myalgia Back pain Arthralgia HA

CNS Abscess Granuloma (AMS common, brain stem infection= encephalitis)

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39
Q

How is Listeria Dx

How is it Tx

A

CSF best
Blood culture
Wet mounts can show motile microbes

Ampicillin or TMP/Sulf

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40
Q

Empiric antimicrobial therapy is given to PTs for Listeria if ?

Where can Botulism infections come from

A

Exposed, Fever >100.6

Canned foods/honey
Wounds- IVDU
Smoked meats

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41
Q

Hemorrhagic fever viruses are all ? types

They all damage ? structures in the body

A

RNA- enveloped in fatty coat

Microvasculature= inc vascular permeability

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42
Q

What form of Dengue is more virulent

What is it’s carrier

A

DEN-2

Aedes aegypti/albopictus- 35N/35S day time feeder prefers human

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43
Q

PTs w/ low WBCs and fever indicates ? etiology

How does Dengue present

A

Viral

High fever +105
Retro orbital pain- common
Trunk scarlatinaform or maculopapular rash

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44
Q

Why is it dangerous when a Dengue fever stops

This period when it stops causes PT to be at increased risk for ?

A

Returns in 24hrs worse- Saddleback fever

DHF or DSS

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45
Q

What is the hemorrhagic presenting manifestation of Dengue

1/3 of PTs w/ DHF form of Dengue will have ? Sx

Almost all PTs w/ DHF will have?

A

Petechiae/purpura

Conjunctival injection

Pharyngeal injections

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46
Q

What is the MC PE finding for Dengue

What is the name of the Dx test

A

Petechiae/bleeding at venipuncture

Tourniquet test: inflate BP x 5min, + if 20 petechiae per sq inch

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47
Q

What will be seen on lab results in PTs w/ Dengue

A

Leukopenia at end of febrile phase

Heme/Lymph increase before defervescence/shock

HypoNa- MC metabolic change
LFT- low albumin

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48
Q

Hct below 20% will be seen as ? and if it falls below 10% ? is seen

What lab results can be usd for Dx Dengue

A

20- seeping plasma
10- real bleeding

IgG/IgM inc x4
IgM shows at day 5

DENV R-PCR or NSI- first week
IgM anti-Den ELISA- day 5 of illness

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49
Q

How are the different forms of Dengue Tx

What is the name of the vaccine and who can get it

A

DF: acetaminophen
DHF/DSS: IV fluids, blood transfusion w/ FWB

Dengavaxia- 9-16 w/ previous Dengue Dx

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50
Q

What are the complications from Dengue fever

A

Neuro: encephalopathy, GBarre, Transverse myelitis

DHF/DSS can lead to liver failure

Over hydration

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51
Q

What mosquito carries Yellow Fever

How are yellow fever infections established in the body

A

Aedes aegypti

Mosquito pukes virus
Replicates in reticuloendothelial cells, overwhelm ImmSystem

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52
Q

Yellow fever can present w/ ? Sxs

What are the phases

A

Jaundice
Black water vomit
Saddle back pattern

Acute, 3 days: fever/HA/N/bilious vomit Conjunctival injections
24hr remission

Toxic Phase

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53
Q

What will be seen on lab results in Yellow Fever

How are they Tx

A

Leuko/Thrombocytopenia
Inc convalescent titer
IgM inc 7-10 days post infection

Central venous access (FFP) Mosquito netting

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54
Q

What is the natural reservoir of Ebola

What is the single subtype

A

Bats

Marburg

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55
Q

What type of virus is Ebola

What is the name of the vaccine

A

Filo= thread

VSV-ZEBOV for >18y/o

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56
Q

What will be seen on PE late in an Ebola infection

What two findings are indicative of a fatal or poor prognosis

A

Hippocratic face
Bleeding
Tachypnea

Hiccups
Tachypnea

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57
Q

What will be seen on lab results in Ebola PTs

How is it Dx

A

-penias
Metabolic acidosis
Inc BUN/SrCr

IgM/IgG ELISA
PCR

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58
Q

How is Ebola Tx

Virus bodies have been isolated from what two locations in the body after recovery

A

Re-hydrate Isolate Nutrition
Human convalescent plasma
ZMAPP

Anterior chamber
Semen

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59
Q

What is the carrier of Lassa

What is the MC sequela of this infection

A

Mastomy rodents in W Africa

Deafness

60
Q

Lassa is AKA ? Syndrome that is a major cause of Peds admissions in WAfrica

What would be seen on lab results

A

Swollen Baby- anasarca/bleeding/edema

ASTs higher than LFTs
Lymph/Cytopenia

61
Q

How is Lassa Dx

How is it Tx

A

Ag ELISA
PCR

Ribavirin- best if started in 6 days

62
Q

Hantavirus is better known as ?

What is the difference between Hanta’s AKA and HFRS

A

Hemorrhagic Fever w/ Renal Failure Syndrome

HFRS occurs in Far East

63
Q

What is the Triad of Hanta

What PTs are more likely to have a mild infection

A

Fever
Hemorrhage
Renal Insufficiency

PTs <15y/o

64
Q

Define HOTN stage of Hanta and what it means

How many phases are there w/ this infection

A

Tachy- indicates impending shock
Acute abdomen- paralytic ielus
Convulsion
Purposeless movements

Febrile
HOTN
Oliguric
Diuretic
Convalescent
65
Q

What is a lasting consequence of Hanta infection that can last for years

How is it Dx

A

Proteinuria

Leukocytosis
Inc Hct
Thrombocytopenia
Abnormal LFTs
HypoNa/HyperK

Elisa

66
Q

How is Hanta Tx

What are two possible complications that can occur

A

Fluid/E=
Ribivirin

Pulmonary edema
HyperCa

67
Q

Crimean Congo fever is AKA ?

What carries this dz

How is it contracted

A

Central Asian fever

Ticks

Livestock

68
Q

How does Crimean Congo Fever present

How is it Dx

How is it Tx

A

Flu-like, 3-5d later bleeding
Massive ecchymosis*/epistaxis
Hepatomegaly

ELISA/PCR

Ribavirin

69
Q

What is a rare but possible complication from Crimean Congo fever?

What is the second leading cause of death from infection?

A

Encephalitis

TB

70
Q

What type of microbe is TB

Where do they establish infections in the body?

A

Acid fast
Non-motile/spore/encapsulated

Terminal airspaces, macrophages ingest and transport to regional nodes

71
Q

Who are the two types of non-respiratory TB infect and how do they present?

What would be heard on PE for pulmonary TB

A

ImmComp/Elderly
Meningitis: HA AMS Low Fever
Skeletal- MC in spine (Potts dz)

Absent sounds in upper lobes

72
Q

How is TB Dx

What may be the first mycobacterial indication a PT has TB

How is this indication confirmed for definitive Dx

A

PPD/TST/Mantoux- cornerstone for LATENT
Early morning sputum culture x 3 days
Blood culture- QTF-G

Detection of Acid Fast Bacilli in smear

Culture or Nucleic Acid Amplification

73
Q

Prior to initiating TB Tx, screening must be done due to ? organ affected

What would be seen on CXR of Primary Progressive TB

A

Liver

Central apical/LL lobe infiltrate
Pleural effusion

74
Q

What would be seen on Reactivated TB CXR

Define Old Dz

A

Cavity w/ non-calcified round infiltrates
Ranke complex: Calcified peripheral/hilar nodes
(Peripheral= Ghon complex)

Homogenous Calcified nodule

75
Q

How is TB Tx

A

Isolate in neg-press room
N-95 mask for PT care
Universal precautions

RIPE regime
D/c E once isolate proven to be susceptible
D/c P after 2mon

If INH resistant- RPE x 6mon

76
Q

How is TST done

What can cause a false-pos TST

A

5 units intradermally, measure response in 2-3 days
All += CXR

MMR/live virus vaccines

77
Q

What are the criteria for a Pos-TST 5mm or larger

A 
Close contact
HIV Pos
Organ transplant
Long term steroids
Fibrotic lesion on CXR, not granulomas
78
Q

What is the criteria for a Pos-TST 10mm or larger

What is the criteria for a recent converter

A

DM Renal Dz Ca
IVDU w/ Neg HIV
Kids <4y/o w/ exposure
Resident/employee of high risk facility

10mm inc x 2yrs
Recent immigrant

79
Q

Define Two Step Testing

A

Hypersensitivity to TB, initial PPD causes boost reaction

Retest in 1-3wks
+= previous infection

If avail, use QTF-G over two step

80
Q

How is LTBI Tx

A

INH 300mg PO x 9mon
Pyridoxine 25-50mg PO qd

INH resistant/PT can’t tolerate:
Alternate: Rifampin

81
Q

LTBI direct observation Tx option

How long are all of the TB Tx regimes

A

INH and Rifapentine

Isoniazid: 9 or 6mon
Rifapentine: 4mon
Isoniazid/Rifapentine: 3mon

82
Q

What f/u monitoring is needed during TB Txs

If PTs are taking INH, what do they need to avoid?

A

AST/ALT monthly

Acetaminophen
Alcohol
-azoles

83
Q

What are the drug side effects of Rifampin

Isoniazid

Pyrazinamide

Ethambutol

A

Thrombocytopenia
Accelerated clearance
Dec OCP effectiveness

Liver Dz
Interact w/ Phenytoin
Peripheral neuropathy

Hyperuricemia

Visual acuity changes

84
Q

What are the necrotizing microbes

What are the anaerobic/polys?

A

Group A hemolytic strep
Staph A
Vibrio
Aeromonas

Bacteroides
Clostridium
Peptostreptococcus

85
Q

What is the difference in presenation between necrotizing fasciitis and cellulitis

What are two ABX to start in PTs w/ suspected necrotizing fasciitis while labs are pending

A

PoP to appearance of erythemic areas

Pen G and Clindamycin
Imipenem
Vancomycin

86
Q

Who is MC infected by Strep Pyogenes

How is it Dx

How is it Tx

A

5-12y/o, Rare <3y/o from person to person

Rapid , Culture

Benzathine PCN
Pen VK/Amox x 10 days
PCN Allergy: Clindamycin

87
Q

Rheumatic fever is a sequela of ?

This can progress to deteriorate heart valves, particularly ? in order

A

G Group A beta-hemolytic strep

MItral, Aortic, P/T

88
Q

What are the major criteria for Rheumatic fever

What are the minor criteria?

A

Polyarthritis
Erythema marginatum
Carditis
Syndenham chorea

Fever
Polyarthralgia
Reversible PR prolongation
Inc ESR/CRP

2 major or
1 major and 2 minor

89
Q

How is Rheumatic Fever Tx

Scarlet fever is AKA ?

A

Bed rest until afebrile/ESR normal
CCS PCN Salicylates

Erythrogenic Toxin

90
Q

What are two unique PE findings of scarlet fever

What does the rash look like

A

Tongue dorsum w/ white exudate
Projecting edematous papillae

Starts in axillae, gron and neck
Circumolar pallor rash, rough like sand paper

91
Q

How is scarlet fever Tx

Define SSS

A

Pen V
Erythromycin

Exotoxin response w/ exfoliation= Nikolsky’s Sign

92
Q

What are the MC sites for SSS

What is it AKA?

A

PO cavity
Umbilicus
Nasal cavity
Throat

Ritter Dz

93
Q

How is SSS Tx

What microbes can cause Toxic Shock Syndrome

Who does it usually affect?

A

Fluids
IV Nafcillin until culture results

Staph A
Rarely- Group A Strep

Women

94
Q

How does TSS present

How is it Dx

A

Bullae
Scarlet fever like rash
Desquamation 7-14 days later on palms/soles
HOTN

3 system involvement

95
Q

How is TSS Tx

What is the name of the BGS microbe and what does it cause in females?

A

Staph origin: Nafcillin
Strep origin: Pen G, Clinda

Strep Agalactiae- peripartum fever MC manifestation

96
Q

What are the two types of GBS infections in neonates

How is it Dx

How is it Tx

A

Early: <20hrs post-birth
Late: 1wk-3mon later

Cultures

PCN G

97
Q

What are the risks of GBS infection survivors

How is MRSA Tx

A

Neuro: seizure, deaf, blind

<5cm: TMP/Sulfa Doxy Clinda
Larger lesion: Vancomycin

98
Q

What are the two forms of Tetanus

Of the 3 toxins released, which one causes issues

A

Spore: dormant in soil/dirt
Vegetative cell- active

Tetanospasmin- neuromuscular d/o

99
Q

What are the 4 presentations of tetanus

A

General: skeletal muscles, MC/Most severe

Local

Cephalic: facial muscles only

Neonate

100
Q

What is the MC Sx of tetanus

What are seizures due to teatnus like?

A

Trismus/Lock jaw

No Loc, sever pain
Opisthotonis
Flexion/abduction of arms
Clench fists on thorax
Extension of LEs
101
Q

How is Tetanus Dx

How is it Tx

A

Clinical
Peripheral leukocytosis

Diazepam for seizures
Metronidazole
Tetanus immune globulins

102
Q

When is SIRS classified as septic

What are the criteria needed for Dx

A

One acute organ dysfunction/failure

Two of:
Temp over 100.4/under 98.6
HR +90 (absent if on BB/CCB)
RR +20 (most serious marker)
PaCO2 <32mmHg
WBC >12K or <4K
103
Q

What are the different stages

A

1: Rubor Tumor Calor Dolor Functio laesa
2: body attempt to correct homeostasis, low fever
3: cytokine release turns destructive, humoral cascade leads to dilation/inc permeability- end organ damage

104
Q

Most deaths due to SIRS is due to ?

How is measles spread

What is the presenting Sxs of the prodrome

A

Underlying Ca

Rubeola- droplet

FC3
Fever Conjunctivitis Coryza Cough

105
Q

What is pathognomoinc for Rubeola

What does the rash look like

What is seen on lab results

A

Koplik spots

Day 3-7, red blotchy rash
Face to trunk to extremeties

Leukopenia

106
Q

Measles is more likely to infect PTs w/ deficiency of ?

What are the complications that can come out of a measles infection?

A

Vit A

COPED
Croup Ottitis media Pneumonia Encephalitis Diarrhea

107
Q

Why do PTs die from measles

How is this Dx

When are they contagious

A

<5y/o due to pneumonia or encephalitis

Background
Measles IgM= confirmation

Before prodrome
4 days after rash appears

108
Q

When can Peds get measles vaccine

How is post-exposures Tx

A

15mon

Vit A
ImmGlobulin if:
Not immunized
72hrs after exposure but w/in 6 days

109
Q

What is the most characteristic feature of Rubella

This finding precedes ? by how long

A

Post-auricular Occipital Cervial adenopathy

Rash by 5-10days

110
Q

What are the names of the Rubella spots

What female PTs w/ Rubella are more likely to have ? Sx

What Sx is more likely in adults than in kids?

A

Forscheimer spots

Arthralgia/Arthritis

Encephalitis

111
Q

What are common lab results in Rubella

Why is early identification of Rubella needed in pregnant PTs

if this is not caught early, what can develop

A

Leuko/Thrombocytopenia

Avoid CRS- congenital rubella syndrome in first 16wks of pregnancy

Deaf Cataract Microphthalmia Glaucoma

112
Q

What is the Trifecta of Rubella Syndrome

What is a late manifestation of pregnancy and CRS

A

Microcephaly
PDA
Cataracts

DM-1

113
Q

How is Rubella Dx in mothers?

How is it Dx in newborns

A

ELISA IgM

CSF

114
Q

How does Rubella transmit

Where does the virus leave the body

A

Winter/spring transmitted through naso secretions

Secretions
Urine

115
Q

When are PTs w/ Rubella infectious

CMV is a strain of HHV ?

A

5

1wk before onset
4 days after rash

116
Q

How are the most severe form of CMV infections acquired by infants?

CMV infects what two parts of the body

If they survive, what are the consequences?

A

Perinatal infection
Intrauterine infection
Blood transfusion to seronegative infants

CNS
Liver

Dear Retardation Motor disability

117
Q

CMV is the MC cause of

How are these infections Dx

A

Post-transplant infections (kidney)

Newborn: virus isolate from urine
Adult: Ag/DNA detection

118
Q

CMV is an early manifestation of ?

How is CMV excreted out of the host body

A

HIV/AIDS

Saliva Cervical secretions Urine Milk Semen

119
Q

What does CMV cause in ASx PTs

Who secretes CMV longer, adults or babies?

What antivirals are effective?

A

Viremia

Babies

V/G-clovir
Foscarnet

120
Q

What is the MC of infectious mono?

What Sxs characterize this infection

A

EBV- HHV 4

Fever
Sore throat, exudative
Cervical adenopathy
Splenomegaly

121
Q

EBV/Mono may present with jaundice but will have ? normal lab result?

These infections are more severe in ? PTs and are linked w/ ? Cas

A

Norm LFTs

Older
Burkitt lymphoma
Nasopharyngeal Ca

122
Q

EBV/Mono is AKA ?

Mumps usually infects ? gland but can also infect ?

A

The Kissing Dz

Parotid
Sublingual/maxillary

123
Q

What are 3 rare but possible outcomes of Mumps

How is it transmitted

A

Sterility
Unilateral deafness
Encephalitis

Droplet spread from saliva

124
Q

What are the characteristic findings of Polio paralysis

What are the 3 categories of polio infections

A

Asymmetric
Fever w/ onset
Flaccid paralysis w/out sensory loss

Abortive- mild
Non-paralytic- meningeal irritation/muscle spasms
Paralytic- spinal or bulbar- CN respiratory or vasomotor centers

125
Q

PTs w/ polio in LE walk w/ ? gait

Polio is more likely to affect ? part of the body

A

Equinus foot, can extend but not flex (muscles can pull toes down, but not up)

Legs>arms

126
Q

How is Polio differentiated from GBarre Syndrome

How is this infection Dx

A

GBS- symmetric w/ high proteins in CSF
F/Ha/N/V are absent

Isolation from stool, CSF or PO secretions
Dx= 4x/rising inc of Abs

127
Q

Where are Varicella lesions more abundant

How does Varicella lead to death in adults and kids

A

Areas of irritation-
Diaper Axilla

Adults: viral pneumonia
Kids: septic/encephalopathy complications

128
Q

Varicella and Herpes Zoster are both linked to ? Syndrome

What is the complication occurring from Zoster

A

Reyes

Post-herpetic neuralgia

129
Q

What microbe is the infecting agent for Varicella or Zoster

What vaccine can be given for post-exposure protection

A

HAH- 3

VZIG

130
Q

What Zoster vaccine is given to PTs over ? age

What antiviral can be used

A

RZV >50

Acyclovir

131
Q

Erythema is AKA ?

What microbe causes this

A

Fifth Dz
Erythrovirus
Slapped cheek

Parvovirus B19

132
Q

How is Erythema Infectiosum Dx and why is getting a Dx important

What are complications that can occur

How is it Tx

A

Anti-B19 IgM
Associated w/ myocarditis

Hemolytic anemia
TTP
Post-infect glomerulonephritis
Hepatitis

NSAIDs, not ASA

133
Q

Roseola is AKA and infects ? ages

What microbe is responsible

A

6th dz
1-5y/o (5th Dx 5-15y/o)

HHV 6

134
Q

Although normally Tx Sx, what can be used during Roseola Tx

Zika virus is AKA ? virus

A

G/C-clovir
Foscarnet

Flavi

135
Q

Metro is used in the Tx of ?

What trimester is affected by Lassa or Mumps

A

Wound botulism
Tetanus

Lassa 3rd
Mumps 1st

136
Q

All mycotic Dzs are __ at 77* and are __ at 98.6

What is the exception

A

Molds
Yeast

Coccidio- spherules in tissue

137
Q

Blastomycosis affects ? PTs and what are the two types of primary

Cutaneous form affects ? areas in precedence

A

Males, ASx 50%
Primary- self resolving
Acute: bacterial pneumonia
Chronic- TB

Face Extremity Neck Scalp

138
Q

Blastomycosis affects ? parts of the body

Which PTs are Tx

How is it Tx

A

CNS Osteo GU

ALL PTs

Severe/CNS: amphotericin
Mild/Mod: Itra/Fluconazole

139
Q

What is Doxy used to Tx

What is Ritter Dz

Bats carry ?

A

Cholera w/ Azith
MRSA w/ TMP/Clinda

Staph SSS

Histo

140
Q

? presents w/ bloody stool

? causes pancreatitis

Death from SIRS is higher if ? is associated

A

Jejuni O157 CMV Shigellosis

TB Giardia Mumps

Malignancy

141
Q

? microbes cause saddle fever

What viral hemorrhagic fever causes has a triad w/ renal failure?

A

Dengue
Yellow

Hanta: Hemorrhage Fever Renal failure

142
Q

What is a Ranke Complex

What microbes can lead to deafness

A

Reactivated TB w/ calcification complexes

Lassa CRS Mumps CMV GBS

143
Q

What two have sandpaper rashes

What two cause anasacara

A

Scarlet
Scalded

Yellow Lassa

144
Q

Coccidio includes two microbes that cause different forms of ? fever

This microbe is a hazard in ? setting

A 
San Joaquin (Immitis)
Valley (Posadasii)

Laboratory

145
Q

How does acute or chronic Coccidio present

What is the more common form

This can invade ? 3 tissues in the body

A

Acute pneumonia: adenopathy, erythema multiform
Chronic- TB0like

Fulminant

Skin Bone Meninges

146
Q

How is Coccidio Tx

A 
Acute Pulm= no therapy, Sx only
Severe: amphotericin
Other: Itra/Fluconazole
Meningeal: fluconazole x life
Amphotericin

IPAP (212 decks)

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