Neuro Block 1 Cram Flashcards
What CNs make up the Branchiomotor Group and Tongue
Function of CN7 and issues with it will cause PT difficulty making ? noise
5 7 9-12
Facial expressions, taste of anterior 2/3
Difficult w/ “ma ma ma” sound
Motor, Sensory, Parasympathetic function of CN9
Motor, Sensory, Parasympathetic function of CN10
Voluntary swallow, phonation
Gag reflex, posterior 1/3 taste
Salivary glands, carotid reflex
Voluntary swallow, phonation
Ear, external auditory canal
Heart, lungs, digest, cartoid reflex
Together, CN9 and 10 do what functions?
Issues w/ these will give the PT difficulty making ? noises
Phonation, Gag reflex, palate elevation
Kuh kuh kuh sound
What 3 nerves make up the special sensory group?
What nerve innervates the tibialis anterior muscle?
What nerve innvervates ankle dorsiflexion
1, 7, 8
L4 via deep peroneal nerve
L4-5 via peroneal nerve
What day of development does the neural tube close?
Why is this time frame a concern?
Day 26-28
Women don’t know they’re pregnant until they’re 1wk late, Day 21
What NTD is a failure of the neuropore to close and causes cranial bones to fail tin development?
Where is this issue more commonly seen?
Anencephaly
1:1000 births
2-4 x F>M
How are NTD avoided?
What puts a PT as a high risk for NTD?
Folic acid
Low risk= .4mg 1mon prior
High risk= 4mg 3mon prior
Prior NTD pregnancy
Mom/Dad have NTDs
Frontal lobe is responsible for ?
What is the anterior 2/3 of the prefrontal cortex in charge of?
SPERM Behavior
Solving, Personality, Emotion, Reasoning, Motor region, Behavior
JOACS
Judgement, Orientation, Abstract, Concentration, Solving problems
What is the temporal lobe responsible for?
What is the parietal lobe responsible for?
SHOL
Short term, Hearing, Olfaction, Languag
HAI
Hemispatial, Asterognosis, Inability to copy
What is the occipital lobe responsible for?
What woul be the different results of a lateral and bilateral lesion in this lobe?
Visual processing and Shape/Color ID
Bilateral= cortical blindness Unilateral= contralateral hemianopia of quadrantopia
Which NT is excitatory at neuromuscular junctions?
How does it do this effect?
ACh
Opens ligand gated cation channels
What does the lack of ACh present as?
What causes these adverse Sxs?
Weakness
Fatigue of skeletal muscles
Abs destroy ACh receptors at junctions
What hallmark of MG presents first?
What is the major inhibitory NT of the brain and spinal cord?
EOMs- diplopia and Ptosis
Brain= GABA Spine= Glycine
UMN begin at ? and end at ?
LMN begin at ? and end at ?
Cortex/brain stem to anterior horn
Anterior horn to muscle fibers
Function of Corticospinal, Spinothalamic and Dorsal Columns
Almost all PTs w/ aphasia will also have ?
Corticospinal- voluntary motor
Spinothalamic- pain/temp
Dorsal- vibration, position, light touch
Agraphia
What is the difference between Brocas and Wernickes
Brocas: broken thoughts
Problem w/ language production, Impaired fluency/repetition, Preserved comprehension, R Hemiparesis
Wernicke- word salad
preserved fluency, problem w/ comprehension
R upper visual defect, PT initially unaware of problem
S/Sxs of compressed radial nerve
What is it AKA and how is it Tx
Wrist drop, weak thumb abduction and finger extension, sensory loss between thumb and index finger
AKA Saturday Night Palsy
Cock-up wrist finger splint
What are the 7 types of Polyneuropathy
B12 deficient Diabetic Lyme Dz Leprous Autonomic Plexopathy
B12 Polyneuropathy
Vegan, Alocholics, IBDz, Post Gastroectomy
Sx: Distal symmetry numbness starting in hands and gait instability
PE: Dec vibration sense, loss of position sense
Dx: smear for macrocytic anemia, macro-ovalocytes, hyper segmented neutrophils
Tx: 1000mcg B12 weekly x 1mon, Qmon
Diabetic Neuropathy
Sensory loss is first from hyperglycemia
TCAs
Gaba/Pregaba
SSRI/SNRI
Capsaicin
HIV Neuropathy
Neuropathy from HIV itself or from anti-viral meds
Secondary neuropathy due to Cytomegalovirus
Most common presentation= Sx encephalopathy
Lyme Dz
Bilateral facial neuropathy
Tx: Doxy or Ceftriaxone if severe
S/e: sunburn easily
Leprous Neuritis
Due to acid bast bacilli in skin
Two forms:
Lepromatous- systemic presentation, spares lungs and CNS
Tuberculoid
Autonomic Neuropathy
Generalized polyneuropathy
Anhydrosis
Tx underlying autonomic issue