OBGYN Cummulative Flashcards
Labia Majora is homologous to ?
Labia minora is homologous to ?
Glans of clitoris is homologous to ? and is principle ?
Scrotum
Ventral shaft
Erectile of penis;
Erogenous zone
? demarcation line is present in the minora
? glands are located in vestibule and their functions
Hart Line- skin and mucous membrane line
Outer: keratinized
Inner: non-keratinized
Bartholin, lubrication- 4, 8 position
Skene- largest paraurethral galnds; lubricate urethral opening
? type of cells are in vagina
Define Adventitia
Since no glands are located here, how is this structure lubricated
Non-keratinzed stratified squamous epithelium
Collagen elastin
Sub-epithelial capillaries and permable epithelium
Define Fornix
What vaginal changes occur during menopause
Define Pouch of Douglas
Arch/recess around cervix
Loss of rugae
Rectouterine pouch; lower point in abdominal cavity
? name of upper segment of cervix
Define Chadwick Sign
Define Goodell Sign
Define Hegar sign
Portio Supravaginalis
Blue tint d/t inc vascularity
Cervical softening d/t edema
Uterine isthmus softening
Define Ectocervix
Define Endocervix
Define Squamocolumnar Junction
Portion covered by stratified squamous epithelium
Portion covered by columnar epithelium
Columnar cells meet squamous cells
Define T-Zone
Why is this zone important to know
Define Metaplasia and when it occurs
Transformation zone- between original and new SCJ
95% of neoplasms occur here
Transformation of cell types Birth: Endocervical: columnar Cevix/Vagina: squamous Puberty: Columnar onto ectocervix, then back to squamous
Define Corpus
Define Isthmux
Define Visceral Peritoneum and why this structure is important
Muscular upper portion of uterus
Joins corpus and cervix
Posterior wall of uterus;
Upper, posterior wall- MC site of implantation
Uterus generally have ? position
Define Myometrium and why is this structure important
What are the 4 parts of the fallopian tube from lateral to medial
Anteroverted
Upper uterus smooth muscle; hemostasis at placenta during 3rd stage of labor
Infudibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus
Interstitial/Intramural
Fallopian tubes are enclosed by ? structure
What type of tissue are they lined w/
What two MCs does the ampulla own
Broad ligament
Ciliated columnar epithelium
MC site for fertilization and ectopic pregnancies
? supplies blood to ovaries
? is the MC site for ovarian cancers
Where do ovaries drain blood to
Ovarian/uterine arteries
Epithelium, outer layer
L: left renal vein
R: IVC
Define Ovarian Ligament
Define Suspensory Ligament
Where is the ‘false’ pelvis located and its function
Ovary to lateral uterus
Ovary to pelvic wall
Above linea terminalis;
supports pregnant uterus (outter rim of pevlis from superior view)
? two pelvis structures are most favorable for delivery
? two pelvis structures are least favorable
Where do the superficial and deep arteries supplying lower abdominal wall arise from
Gynecoid*, anthropoid
Android, Platypelloid
S: femoral artery below inginal ligament in femoral triangle
D: external iliac; supply muscle/fascia
Define Maylard incision and the concern for it
What is the risk w/ vertical incision in abdominal wall
What is the benefit but risk of lower transverse incisions
Cesarean incision- inferior epigastric artery can be lacerated
High tension, wider scars
Less scar, better cosmetics;
Severeed iliohypogastric nerve= lost sensation over gluteal/hypogastric region
Where is GnRH released from
What is made/stored in anterior pituitary
Where do round ligaments insert onto the uterus
Hypothalamus
FSH LH ACTH TSH PRL GH
Mid/Upper third
3 sources of gonads
Sequence of progressing development into gonad
Embryotic sex is undifferentiated until ? week
Mesothelium- lines posterior abdominal wall
Mesenchyme- embryonic CT
Primordial germ- earliest, undifferentiated cells
Mesothelium, Gonad ridge, Gonad cord, Indifferent gonad, Ovary
Begins at week 5, Committed at week 7;
Testes: 7wks
Ovaries: 12wks
What causes undifferentiated gonads to develop into either ovary or testis
Define Mesonephric Ducts
Define Paramesonephric Ducts
+TDF, + MIF, Mullerian regression= testis
+TDF, -MIF, Wolffian regression= ovary
Wolffian
Mullerian
Female phenotype requires ? and is not ?
? stimulates for testosterone development to begin testis development
How is the uterus/fallopian tubes stimulated into development
Requires two X-chromosomes;
Not hormone dependent
HCG
AMH suppresses paramesonephric ducts
What are the 5 types of uterine malformations
Didelphys: failed fusion of paramesonephric ducts
Bicornuate: duplicate superior uterus body
Bicornuate w/ rudimentary horn: failed fusion
Septate: internally thin septum d/t failed resorption
Unicornuate: one paramesonephric duct fails to develop, risk for preterm delivery/loss
Define Ovotesticular DSD
What do these Pts look like
What are three etiologies
Ovarian and Testicular tissue found in Pt
Most are 46XX- Mullerian Dysgenesis
Male or female phenotype, ambiguous external genitals
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia- MCC
Androgenic administration
Masculinizing maternal tumors
