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IPAP > Ortho Block 4 > Flashcards

Ortho Block 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the MC types of arthritis of the foot/ankle

Where does this usually occur?

A

OA, degenerative
Post-traumatic arthritis

Hallux Rigidus- MTP great toe
Tarsometatarsal- midfoot
Talonavicular- RA
Talocalcaneal

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2
Q

What do PTs w/ arthritis of MTP complain of?

Midfoot OA commonly occurs in ? as ? and can occur after ?

A

Pain
Lost dorsiflexion
Great toe swelling

Idiopathic in older woman
Lisfranc dislocation (tarsometatarsal)
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3
Q

What do PTs complain of who have midfoot OA?

What type of arthritis follows after calcaneous Fxs and what issues do PTs have?

A

Ache worse w/ walking or long periods of standing
Difficulty w/ pushing off

Subtalar
Pain/difficulty walking on sand/rocky terrain due to loss of in/eversion

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4
Q

Most PTs w/ ankle arthritis have a Hx of ? w/ common Sxs being ?

How do PTs w/ hallux rigidus present?

A

Trauma
Pain swelling stiff anterior ankle

Loss of MTP motion at start of dorsiflexion
Difficulty pushing off
Newly formed bunion, difficulty wearing shoes

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5
Q

How is hallux rigidus Dx?

Where is pain located in PTs w/ midfoot arthritis?

A

Pain in middle of flexion-extension arc

Dorsal bump on midfoot w/ TTP
Pain w/ pronation/supination

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6
Q

What test is used for testing tarsometatarsal joints?

What type of x-rays are taken for ankle/foot arthritis and what is usually seen?

A

Piano key test

Weight bearing x-rays: osteophytes, joint narrowing

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7
Q

Arthritis of first MTP usually shows ? on x-rays

How is arthrits of the foot/ankle Tx non-operatively?

A

Dorsal osteophytes protruding into metatarsal head

Shoe modification
Orthotics
NSAIDs

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8
Q

Where does RA in the foot usually present?

What Sxs do PTs complain of?

A

Fore/Mid > Ankle/Hind

Metatarsalgia w/ sublux/dislocation of lesser toe joint
Halux valgus
Posterior tibialis tenosynovitis

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9
Q

What is expected to be seen on x-rays of PTs w/ RA in their foot/ankle?

What labs are drawn on these PTs?

A

Malalignment
Osteopenia
Erosion

ESR RF

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10
Q

How are PTs w/ RA in their foot/ankle Tx non-operative?

What surgical options are available?

A

Shoe modification
Injections
Methotrexate
DMARD/TNF-alpha

MTP fusion
Arthrodesis
Tenosynovectomy

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11
Q

What are the two soft tissue masses likely to be seen on the foot/ankle?

How does each one present on PE?

A 
MC- ganglia
Plantar fibroma (matosis= plural)

Ganglia- move side to side, usually on top of foot and transilluminate
Fibroma- rubbery, immobile; always on plantar surface

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12
Q

How are soft tissue masses on the foot/ankle Tx non-operative?

When do they need to be referred?

A

Ganglia aspiration
Shoe modification/orthotics

Sxs/Recurrent w/ compliant PT

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13
Q

Define Callus

Define Corn

AKA for hard/soft corn

A

Hyperkeratotic lesion

Callus on a toe

Hard: heloma durum
Soft: heloma molle

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14
Q

How do calluses present during PE?

How are they managed non-operatively

A

Painful to direct pressure

Paring w/out drawing blood
Pummus stone

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15
Q

When are calluses referred to Ortho?

Diabetic foot deformities can lead to ? foot

A

Deformity causing the callus

Charcot foot

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16
Q

How do diabetic foot ulcers present in clinic?

What are the adverse outcomes of this issue?

A

Red, hot, swollen foot (cellulitis, ulcer)

Charcot
Gangrene

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17
Q

Diabetic foot ulcers from cellulitis is involving ? layers

Where are monofilament tests conducted on the foot?

What gauge of nylon filament is used?

A

Dermal layer

1st/3rd/5th metatarsal

10g

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18
Q

How can you tell if a foot is diabetic or cellulitis?

What Dx imaging can be done?

A

1min of elevation and assessment of redness, cellulitis does not lose redness

Tagged WBC NucMed study: cold= Charcot
hot= osteomyelitis

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19
Q

What image is used for assessing diabetic osteomyelitis?

When are diabetic feet referred?

A

MRI

Unexplained pain
Sudden swelling/pain
Non-healing ulcer

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20
Q

Where do Achilles tendon tears usually occur?

What do PTs complain of when tear occurs?

What adverse event can occur due to this injury

A

5-7cm proximal to insertion site of calcaneous

Sudden sharp pain

Contracture

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21
Q

What PE test is done when assessing for Achilles tears?

How are these Tx non-operative

When are these PTs referred

A

Thompson test within 48hrs of injury is most reliable
Pos= no movement

Cam boot w/ heel lift
Rehab w/ immobilization/RICE

ALL are referred

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22
Q

Ankle sprain means ? ligament are sprained?

If it’s a high ankle sprain, which ligament is involved?

A

ATFL- ant talofibular ligament
CFL- calcaneofibular ligament

AITFL- anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament

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23
Q

If the ATFL and CFL tear during an ankle sprain, what ligament is 3rd in line to tear?

What are the Ottawa ankle rules?

A

Posterior talofibular ligament

1: inability to bear weight after injury
2: malleolar pressure, posterior side 6cm
3: base of 5th metatarsal
4: navicular pain

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24
Q

What are the 3 phases of non-operative Tx of ankle sprains

Why does plantar fasciitis hurt so much in the morning/with first step?

A

NSAIDs + rest
ROM + strength
Proprioception, agility, endurance

Foot sleeps in plantar flexion

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25
Q

What the is the cause of the MC heel pain in adults

Who is it more likely to present in?

A

Plantar Fasciitis

Obese female

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26
Q

What will be seen on PE of plantar fasciitis

What is a possible finding on imaging?

A

TTP plantar calcaneous
1-2cm distal on plantar calcaneous
Inc pain w/ toe extension

Plantar bone spur

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27
Q

What are the 4 location causes of posterior heel pain?

What are the clinical Sxs of each

A

Achilles insertion
Retrocalcaneal bursa
Achilles tendon
Pre-Achilles burs

Bursitis= pump bump
Haglund= bone
Paine w/ shoes

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28
Q

What may be seen on PE of posterior heel pain?

How are these managed non-operative and what Tx is avoided?

A

Swelling/TTP on posterior heel

Dec pressure
Stretching
NO steroids

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29
Q

Where does the posterior tendon insert in the foot?

Who does it usually present in?

What is an adverse development of this Dz?

A

Navicular bone forming arch of foot

Overweight female >55y/o

Valgus ankle

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30
Q

What will be seen on PE of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction

What would be seen on lateral imaging in advanced cases?

A

Medial ankle pain
Too many toe sign
Unable to perform single leg calf raise

Pes planus- weight bearing

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31
Q

How are posterior tibial tendon dysfunctions managed non-operative?

What surgical options are available?

When do these PTs need to be referred?

A

4wk short leg cast
NO steroids

Flexible: tendon transfer + osteotomy
Rigid: arthrodesis

Medial/navicular ankle pain

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32
Q

Define Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

How do PTs present complaining of?

A

Compression of tibial nerve on medial ankle

Paresthesia
Dysesthesias
TTP on posterior medial ankle
Tinels test

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33
Q

What studies can be done for Tarsal Tunne Syndrome to aid w/ Dx?

How is this managed w/out surgery?

What type of surgery option is available?

A

EMG/NCV

Dec stretch w/ shoe/orthotic modifications

Surgical release

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34
Q

What are the referral red flags for Tarsal Tunnel syndrome?

Define Bunionette

A

CRPS
Loss of motor strength

5th MTP joint prominence

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35
Q

PTs w/ bunionette present w/ ? complaint

What is seen on PE

A

Shoe wearing causes pain

Deformity/corn

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36
Q

What would be seen on x-rays of bunionettes

How are these managed w/out surgery?

How are they managed surgically?

A

Medial deviation proximal phalynx
Lateral deviation of metatarsal

Shoe modification

Osteotomy

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37
Q

When are bunionettes referred to Ortho?

What is the MC type of arthritis of the foot?

A

Pain Sxs

Hallux rigidus

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38
Q

What type of pain doe PTs w/ Hallux Rigidus complain of?

What will be seen on PE?

A

Toe off pain
Dorsal osteophytes

Stiff/dec extension
Mid range pain= inc severity

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39
Q

What would be seen on x-rays of Hallux Rigidus

How can they be Tx w/out surgery?

How are they surgically corrected

A

Dorsal/lateral osteophytes

Stiff sole shoe
Roomy toe box

Chellectomy- removal of bone spurs
Arthrodesis- won’t be able to flex foot

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40
Q

What is the MC malady of the great toe?

What causes this issue?

A

Hallux Valgus
Hallux Rigidus- #2

Toe moves laterally
Metarsal moves medially causing prominence

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41
Q

How is the angle of Hallux Valgus measured?

How are these managed w/out surgery

A

Intermetatarsal Angle, norm <10*
Metatarsal/Phalynx joint angle= hallux valgus angle, norm <50*

Roomy toe box shoe

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42
Q

How are Hallux valugus Tx surgically?

When are they referred to Ortho?

A

Osteotomy

Pain Sxs, not cosmetic concerns

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43
Q

What causes ingrown toe nails?

What are the 3 stages

A

Trimming nails too short w/ added pressure from tight shoes/pressure

Inflammation
Abscess
Granulation

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44
Q

How are ingrown toe nails Tx w/out surgery?

What is the intermediate option?

A

Warm soaks
Proper trimming
Clean socks/roomy shoes
PO ABC

Nail plate excision

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45
Q

Define Interdigital Neuroma

The MC type is AKA ?

A

Neuroma between metatarsal heads, MC between 3 and 4

Morton’s neuroma

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46
Q

How do PTs w/ interdigital neuromas present complaining of?

What will be seen on PE?

A

Walking on marble/stones

Plantar pain
Metatarsal head compression test

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47
Q

How are Interdigital Neuromas managed w/out surgery?

How are they Tx surgically?

A

Roomy toe box shoe
Injections

Excision/ligament release

48
Q

Define Metatarsalgia

What do these PTs present complaining of?

What will be seen on PE?

What type of images are needed?

A

Aliga at lesser MT heads, 2-5

Walking on pebbles (underneath heads, not in between them)

Platar forefoot
Callus

Weight bearing lateral

49
Q

How are metatarsalgis Tx w/out surgery?

What surgical option is available?

A

Roomy toe box shoe
Pads/orthotics
Pare callus

Remove condyle

50
Q

What 2 microbes are MC cause of nail fungus infections

How is the Dx?

A

Trichophyton rubrum
Trichophyton mentagrophytes

KOH microscopy

51
Q

What is an adverse outcome of using anti-fungals for nail infections?

When are these PTs referred to Ortho?

A

Inc liver enzymes

Elderly
Liver unable to tolerate anti-fungals

52
Q

What causes Platar Warts

When they grow together/on top of each other, what are they called?

Where will they be seen on the foot during PE?

A

Human Papilloma virus, patterns cease at edge

Mosaic warts

Non-weight bearing surfaces (not on metatarsal head)
Pain w/ pinching

53
Q

How are plantar warts managed?

What are the adverse events of Tx?

A 
Par/Keratolytic w/ occlusion
Electrocautery*
Cryotherapy
Laser ablation*
Curretage

Painful scar
Aerosolized wart inhalation by provider

54
Q

Where are sesamoid bones located in the foot?

How many are there?

A

Flexor Hallucis brevis tendon

2: medial and lateral

55
Q

What Sxs are seen during PE of sesamoiditis?

How are these Tx non-surgically?

How are they Tx surgically

A

Pain w/ forced extension
1st MT head
Pain w/ extension

No high heel shoes

Excision

56
Q

Define Claw Toe

What can cause this deformity

A

Fixed MTP extension
PIP flexion

Charcot Marie tooth
RA

57
Q

Define Hammer toes

Define Mallet toe

A

Correctable MTP extension, PIP flexion

DIP flexion

58
Q

How are foot/toe deformities Tx w/out surgery?

What does surgical Tx offer?

When are these cases referred to Ortho?

A

Roomy toe box shoe
Rehab- strength and flexibility

Proper alignment

Claw toe + high arch= neuro cause/Charcot Marie

59
Q

Define Turf Toe

How are these injuries graded?

What is the adverse outcome of this injury?

A

1st MTP sprain after hyper flexion

1: stretch, continue play
2: partial plantar tear
3: complete, don’t play

Hallux rigidus

60
Q

Why are images taken of Turf Toe injuries?

How are these Tx w/out surgery

A

R/o avulsion Fxs

Grade 1/2: stiff sole shoe
Grade 3: NWB x 2wks, no playing x 6wks

61
Q

What are the 3 types of foot/ankle pain?

A

Os Trigonum- ossicle on posterior talus causing impingement w/ plantar flexion; Tx RICE/excision

Osteonecrosis- navicular bone, AKA Kohler Dz, seen in boys 4-8y/o; Tx w/ casting/activity modification

Freiberg infarction- osteonecrosis of MT head #2; Tx w/ reduced activity, padding or casting to dec pressure while healing

62
Q

Define Accessory Navicular

How do they present and what is seen on PE?

What image is used for Dx

A

Medial navicular at posterior tibialis tendon insertion

TTP on medial arch
TTP on ossicle
Resisted inversion

DP radiograph

63
Q

How is Accessory Navicular Tx

Why is Calcaneal apophysitis only a Peds issue?

A

Relieve pressure
Casting
Excision

Reqs open growth plate

64
Q

Calcaneal apophysitis is AKA ?

How do these PTs present?

A

Sever’s Dz

Activity related heel pain
TTP on calcaneous

65
Q

What would be seen on x-rays of calcaneal apophysitis that is actually normal?

How are these cases Tx?

A

Sclerosis on calcaneous

Rarely casting
Activity modification
Heel lifts

66
Q

Define Cavus foot deformity

Define Cavovarus

Define Equinocavovarus

What type of d/o is this?

A

High arch

Hind foot varus

Hind foot equinus, plantar flexion

Neuromuscular- Charcot Marie

67
Q

What type of imaging is used for assessing Cavus foot deformities?

Club foot is AKA ?

What does the CAVE acronym stand for in this d/o?

A

Meary angle on x-rays

Talipes equinovarus

Cavus, midfoot
Adduction, forefoot
Varus heel
Equinus ankle

68
Q

What is the difference between primary/secondary clubfoot?

When are images taken?

A

Primary: positional/flexible or idiopathic (middle)
Secondary: neuromuscluar Dz, rigid

Ambulatory children

69
Q

How are PTs w/ clubfoot managed/Tx?

Most of these are Tx operative, but what is the adverse outcome?

A

Ponseti method of serial casting and Achilles release
Casting can’t help w/ Equinus/Plantar flexion, usually causes Achilles contraction

Moderate recurrence rates

70
Q

Flat foot is AKA ?

When does the arch of the foot begin to show and when is it fully developed?

A

Pes planus

Starts @ 4yrs
Done by 10yrs

71
Q

What is seen on PE of Pts w/ flatfoot?

How can their ankle flexibility be assessed?

A

Medial malleolus prominence

Extend great to and have PT stand on toes

72
Q

How are Flatfoot deformities Tx w/out surgery

When are flatfoot PTs referred to ortho?

A

Flexible cases: flexible shoes and reassurance
Rigid: surgery, calcaneal osteotomy

Rigid flatfoot PTs

73
Q

What is the MC foot deformity

How does this deformity develop

A

Metatarsus adductus

Metatarsal bones deviated inward compared to tarsus bones

74
Q

How is the severity of metatarsus adductus graded?

What is the imaging used to assess these cases?

A

Line through heel, assess where it bisects w/ toes
Mild: 3rd toe
Moderate: 4th toe
Severe: 5th/pinky toe

Photocopy tracking

75
Q

How are metatarsus adductus PTs Tx?

When are these referred to Ortho?

A

Flexible- spontaneous self resolution
Rigid- casting/surgery

Lasting >3-6mon
Rigid cases

76
Q

What type of injury force causes osteochondral lesions of the talus?

What are the Sxs of this condition?

What will be seen on PE?

A

Bone + cartilage due to trauma/idiopathic compression causing medial bone and lateral ligament injuries

Hx of catching/popping

Limited ROM
Anterior joint line pain
Laxity- anterior drawer to test ATFL

77
Q

What will be seen on images of Osteochondral lesions of the talus?

How are these injuries quantified?

A

Mortise w/ medial lesions

CT/MRI

78
Q

When are osteochondral lesions of the talus Tx w/out surgery?

Which of these cases are referred to Ortho?

A

Skeletal immature= immobilization
Mature= surgery

All

79
Q

Define a Tarsal Coalition

How/why do these PTs present to clinic?

A

Tarsal are connected
Talocalcaneal or Calcaneonavicular coalitions may be MC

Pain w/ activity
Frequent sprains

80
Q

What would be seen on PE of tarsal coalitions?

What is the name of the special view used for assessing this condition?

A

Rigid flatfoot
Dec in/eversion

Harris heel view- 45* posterior/inferior view of heel

81
Q

How are tarsal coalitions Tx?

What is the most common reason for pediatric toe walking?

A

Depends, observation through fusions

Idiopathis w/out neuro issues

82
Q

Which toe walking Ped PTs are Tx non-operaive w/ observation?

How are they Tx if they’re older?

A

Occasional/toddler

Serial casting

83
Q

When are Peds w/ toe walking referred to Ortho?

Where do Fx/dislocations of the midfoot usually occur?

A

Abnormal PE
Tight Achilles
Unilateral toe walking
Mental/developmental concerns

TMT joint- MC
2nd metatarsal/cuneiforms: Lisfranc dislocation

84
Q

What needs to be done on PE when assessing Fx/dislocation of the midfoot?

What kind of x-rays are needed?

What may be seen on x-rays?

A

ROM between talus/calcaneous (hind foot) and midfoot

Bilateral weight bearing, CT or MRI

Widening between middle cuneiform and 2nd metatarsal/avulsion Fx

85
Q

How are Fx/dislocations of the midfoot Tx w/out surgery

When is surgery needed for Tx?

How many malleoli are in the ankle and how are they named by Fxs?

A

6-8wks NWB then,
Rigid shoe x 3mon

Displaced fx

3: lateral, medial, posterior
Bimalleolar: lateral, medial
Trimaleolar: all 3

86
Q

What are the adverse outcomes of a foot/ankle Fx

What needs to be assessed on PE?

A

Talar OCD

NV exam
Palpate- knee (Maisonneuve)
Distal of both malleoli

87
Q

Define a Maisonneuve Fx

How are foot/ankle Fxs Tx non-surgically?

A

Ankle trauma travels up leg through osseous membranes, exits through lateral fibula

Distal tib/fib avulsion= WBAT x 6wks in CAM boot
Unstable Fx= reduction, surgery

88
Q

When are foot/ankle Fxs referred?

What limb threatening issue can develop from calcaneous/talus Fxs?

What other issue needs to be r/o w/ these Fxs?

A

Open/unstable Fxs

Plantar compartment syndrome

Spine injury if PT fell from height onto feet

89
Q

What type of x-rays are needed when assessing calcaneous/talus Fxs?

What image is needed if this is a suspected intra-articular Fx?

A

Harris heel view

CT

90
Q

How are calcaneous/talus Fxs Tx?

When are they referred?

A

Surgery due to articular surface involvement

All, immediately

91
Q

Most metatarsal Fxs are stable with ? exception?

Which of these Fxs are at risk for mal/non union and compartment syndrome?

A

Proximal to 5th MT zone 2

Zone 2 or 3 5th MT Fxs

92
Q

How are metatarsal Fx 1-4 Tx non-surgically?

How are 5th MT Fx managed?

Which ones require surgical Tx?

A

WBAT x 6wks

Zone 1= WBAT x 6wks
Above zone 2= non operatiely w/ NWB and cast x 6wks

5th MT zone 3
>4mm displacement
>10* angulation

93
Q

What is the MC toe to be Fx?

How are these Fxs managed w/out surgery?

A

Small toe at proximal phalanx

Buddy taping after r/o rotation

94
Q

What type of toe Fx needs surgical correction?

What is a normal variant of the sesamoid bones?

A

Great toe MTP intra-articular

Bipartite
Fx pattern MC in medial

95
Q

What type of mechanism of injury causes a Fx sesamoid bone?

What will be seen on PE?

A

Hyperextension of great toe

Plantar TTP
Dec ROM

96
Q

What imaging modality is used to differentiate if a sesamoid is Fx or bipartite?

How are these managed w/out surgery?

When do they need surgical Tx?

A

Bone scan

WBAT x 4wks
MT pad

Plantar plate rupture/Turf toe

97
Q

What is an adverse outcome from a sesamoid Fx?

What is the female athlete triad?

A

Hallux rigidus

Amenorrhea
Osteopenia
D/o eating habits

98
Q

Stress Fxs of foot/ankle usually occur ?

What adverse outcome can occur?

A

MC 2nd MT

5th MT mal/non-union

99
Q

What are the time frames for ordering certain imaging modalities for stress Fxs?

How are most stress Fxs managed?

A

Plain: 3-4wks
Bone scan: 24-48hrs
MRI: 72hrs

WBAT CAM boot x 4wks
Calcaneous/fibula: WBAT x 2-4wks
Navicular/5th MT: NWB x 4wks

100
Q

When are stress Fxs Tx w/ surgery?

When are they referred to Ortho?

A

5th MT
Malunions

Recurrent/non-improving stress Fxs

101
Q

What imaging is ordered to assess OA of the midfoot when bony anatomy is difficult to see?

What imaging is ordered if the source of a PTs foot pain is difficult to identify?

A

CT

SPECT CT

102
Q

What type of shoe may help relieve Sxs of pain w/ hallux rigidus?

What surgical procedure is performed if non-surgical Tx fails?

A

Stiff sole shoe w/ rocker bottom

Debridment of 1st MTP w/ cheilectomy/arthrodesis

103
Q

How is midfoot arthritis Tx non-surgically?

How are Sxs of talonavicular/subtalar arthritis improved?

How can talonavicular/subtalar arthritis be Tx definitively?

A

Orthotic/steel shank in sole of show w/ CCS injections

Medial longitudinal arch support
More rigid UCBL orthoses

Arthrodesis w/ retained ankle motion

104
Q

How are PTs older than 60y/o with mild/moderate deformity from foot/ankle arthritis Tx?

PTs w/ chronic synovitis from RA leads to ? structural deformities?

A

Replacement, better results than fusions

Hallux valgus
Claw toe w/ sublux/dislocated MTP
End stage arthritis of ankle/subtalar joint

105
Q

What may be the presenting Sx of PTs w/ RA

What presenting trifecta should lead to suspicion of RA?

A

MTP synovitis w/ focal pain/swelling over MTP joints

Bilateral Sxs, Multiple Joints and Nodules

106
Q

What will radiographs show of RA in foot/ankle?

Lateral drifts may be visible at ? locations?

A

Swelling Osteopenia Subchondral erosion Malalignment

MTP
Talonavicular joint

107
Q

When are CCS injections beneficial for RA of the foot/ankle?

What is the most reliable surgical Tx for forefoot deformities?

What procedure needs to be avoided?

A

Inflamed joints
Severe tenosynovitis

Fusion of 1st MTP w/ metatarsal heads

Implant arthroplasty of great toe

108
Q

Since tensosynovectomy only provides temporary relief for RA of ankle/foot, what procedure do most PTs get?

What procedure may be done for young PTs w/ RA but has shown to produce worse results than BTK amputations?

A

Arthrodesis of talocalcaneal, talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints. Still retains dorsi/plantar flexion

Tibiotalocalcaneal fusion

109
Q

Where do ganglion tumors arise from on the feet?

Ganglia of the foot usually arise from ? while ganglion cysts arise from ?

A

Joint capsule or tendon sheath

Top/side of foot
Subtalar/ankle joint

110
Q

Plantar fibromas is a benign thickening of ? which can turn into a condition similar to ?

How do ganglion/fibroma Tx differ?

A

Plantar fascia
Plantar fibromatosis, similar to Dupuytren Dz

Ganglion: aspiration w/ 18g
Fibroma: shoe modification, orthotics

111
Q

A persistent callus on the sole of the forefoot is AKA ?

What 3 toe deformities can lead to corn development?

A

Intractable plantar keratosis

Hammer/claw toe
Bunionette

112
Q

What is the difference in growth between a heloma durum and molle?

How do you tell a wart from a callus?

A

Molle- Between toes in web space and over bony prominence
Durum: exposed bony prominence only

Wart- tender w/ side to side pinching
Callus- tender w/ direct pressure

113
Q

What diabetic issue predisposes them to ulceration?

Motor neuropaty leads to weakness of the intrinsic muscles which can cause what five issues of the foot

A

Autonamic dysfunction- dry, scaly, cracking skin

Claw toe
Subluxation/dislocation
Abnormal plantar positioning
Inc pressure on sole of foot
Skin break down
114
Q

What tissue is primarily involved w/ charcot arthropathy?

This issue leads to what two issues

A

Synovial

Disrupted joint stability
Severe bone deformities

115
Q

What Dx can be suspected if PT w/ diabetic ulcer can be probed down to the bone?

What is the goal of Tx for diabetic foot problems?

A

Osteomyelitis

PT education and prevention
Once neuropathy starts, irreversible

116
Q

What is the first finding/Sx that a diabetic foot ulcer may be developing

What is the difference in resting position of a leg w/ an intact and torn Heel Chord?

A

Callus

Intact: plantar flexion when hanging/PT is prone
Torn: foot hangs at 90* to tibia

IPAP (212 decks)

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