Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IPAP > Clinical Lab: Block 3 > Flashcards

Clinical Lab: Block 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Pleocytosis

A

Inc of CSF cells from infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the first onset Sx of meningitis Sx

A

Respiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the classic Sx Triad of meningitis in adults and kids?

What Sx do infants present with?

A

Fever, HA and Stiff Neck

Listlessness and bulging fontanelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is meningitis diagnosed?

A

Brain imaging

LP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the Big 3 bacterial causes of meningitis?

A

Strep Pneumo
Neisseri mening.
HIB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What will a lab report for bacterial meningitis show?

A

High PMNs 200-20K
Low glucose
High protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What types of bacteria are more likely to cause meningitis in elders?

A 
Strep Pneumo
E Coli
K pneumoniae
S agalactiae
L monocytogenes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What types of bacteria are more likely to cause meningitis in Adults

A 
Strep Pneumo or N Meningitidis
Staph
H influenza
G Bacilli
Strep
L monocytogenes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What types of bacteria are more likely to cause meningitis in children?

A

Strep pneumo
N Meningitidis
H influenzae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What types of bacteria are more likely to cause meningitis in neonates?

A

GBS S agalactiae
E coli
L monocytogenes
Strep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the S/Sx of Viral meningitis?

A

Mild/self limiting

Viral syndrome w/ URI and gastroenteritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What viruses cause Viral meningitis?

A 
Enterovirus
Arbovirus
HSV
Adenovirus
HIV
Measles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define Aseptic Meningitis

A

Under viral meningitis- seasonal usually affecting kids/infants from enterovirus (spring/summer), Arborvirus (wamr) or measles (winter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does a lab report of viral meningitis show?

A

100-1000 mostly lymphocytes
Normal glucose
High Protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Other than URI/GI Sx, what nondescript Sx can appear with Aseptic Meningitis?

A

Non blanching maculo-papulo-vesicular rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the S/Sx of Fungal Meningitis?

A

Gradual onset of HA, fever, stiff neck, drowsiness and seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What fungi microbes cause meningitis?

A

Dimorphics- Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Coccidioides
Cryptococcus
Candidia
Aspergillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What type of PT usually contracts fungal meningitis?

What considerations are taken with this Dx?

A

Immune compromised

Geography and travel Hx
Pigeon raising

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What will the lab report of fungal meningitis show?

A

100-1000 mostly lymphocutes
Low glucose
High protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What parasites can cause meningitis?

A

Naegleria
Acanthamoeba
Taenia
Toxoplasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the exposure risks of contracting parasitic meningitis?

A

Naegleria: swimming in warm fresh water
Taenia: consuming eggs
Toxo: improper cooking, litter boxes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What will the lab report of parasitic meningitis show?

A

100-1000 eosinophils
Normal/low glucose
High protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

S/Sx of chronic meningitis

A 
Hydrocephalus
HA
Fever
Meningismus
Confusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How is chronic meningitis Dx?

A

Non specific S/Sx but suspected in chronic encephalopathy or hydrocephalus
MRI/CT
LP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What type of organisms cause chronic meningitis

A

Slow growers- Crypto Neoformans common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the S/Sx of encephalitis?

A

Confusion/AMS
Personality changes
Aphasia/ataxia
Myoclonic jerk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How is encephalitis Dx?

A

PCR of CSF for herpes

Imaging, LP, Hx, PE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What animals carry rabies and which ones are low probability carriers?

A

Racoon, skunk, fox, bat, coyote

Dogs, cats, ferrets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How is rabies Dx in humans?

A

Saliva, Serum, CSF and Skin biopsies of neck hair follicles
Saliva- PCR
Skin- Atg
CSF- Abs

30
Q

How is a rabies infection identified from brain tissue?

A

Negri bodies

Babes nodes

31
Q

What are the S/Sx of a brain abscess?

A

HA/focal neuro deficit

Papilledema, N/V w/ Inc ICP

32
Q

How is a brain abscess Dx?

A

Focal neurologic deficit or seizure suggests focal brain lesion
CT w/ contrast
NO LP

33
Q

What microbes can cause brain abscesses?

A

Bacterial- polymicrobial= Staph A w/ infective endocarditis

Parasitic- Taenia Solium, Toxoplasma Gondii

34
Q

Define Subdural Empyema

A

Collection of pus between dura and arachnoid membraines typically after sinus infection or surgery

35
Q

What microbes can cause subdural empyema?

What are the S/Sx?

A

Strep, Staph, Enterobacteriaceae

Fever, worsening HA after sinus infection

36
Q

How is subdural empyema diagnosed?

A

Imaging
Culture
NO LP

37
Q

When are LPs mandatory?

A

If bacterial meningitis is suspected

38
Q

When are LPs contraindicated?

What is the next step for the PT?

A

Inc ICP, Coagulopathy, Brain abscesses

Blood culture and empirical therapy

39
Q

How many tubes of CSF are collected during an LP?

A 
4 tubes of 1-2ml
1- glucose and protein
2- micro for stain/culture
3- hematology for count and differential
4- immunology and serology
40
Q

What are the characteristics of CSF that are examined?

A

Turbidity
Color
Cell count
Gram stain

41
Q

What type of meningitis causes CSF to be thick and cloudy with a high cell count?

A

Bacterial

42
Q

What does it mean if during an LP each tube becomes progressively clearer?

A

Traumatic tap

43
Q

Define Xanthochromia

A

Yellow/red discoloration of spinal fluid from breakdown of RBCs that when centrifued looks like cherry Kool-Aid

44
Q

What is the most important information that can be received to help link Sx with causative agents?

A

Cell count- count of RBCs and WBCs and exam of RBC morphology

45
Q

When is glucose altered in CSF?

A

Normal- viral, chornic

Low- bacterial

46
Q

When is protein altered in CSF?

A

High- bacteria

Moderate elevation in viral

47
Q

When is the WBC count altered in CSF?

A

Increased in septic meningitis w/ polymorphonuclear forms

Septic meningitis- mononuclear (lymphocytes) predominate

48
Q

What CSF antigen screen is an AIDS defining illness?

A

Cryptococcal Ag kit

49
Q

Since CSF Antigen screenings are so expensive, what other test is just as reliable and not as expensive?

A

Gram Stain

50
Q

What lab test is the gold standard for diagnosing bacterial meningitis?

A

CSF cultures

51
Q

PTs with meningitis are also ? so what other test may also be useful?

A

Blood cultures are usually positive

52
Q

What organisms is responsible for meningitis in neonates born by vaginal birth?

A

GBS

53
Q

What organisms is responsible for meningitis in neoneates with K1 Ag?

A

E coli

54
Q

What organisms is responsible for meningitis in neonates, elderly and immune compromised PTs?

A

Listeria monocytognes

55
Q

What organisms is responsible for meningitis in children from 6mon to 5yrs?

A

H. Influenzae

56
Q

What organisms is responsible for meningitis in toddlers and young adults?

A

Neisseria meningitis

57
Q

Polysaccharide vaccines are available for what serogroups of N Meningitidis?

A

A C Y W135

58
Q

What organisms is responsible for meningitis in all age groups but have a higher prevalence in elderly PTs?
This form also occurs with what other issues?

A

Strep Pneumo

Pneumonia, mastoiditis, sinusitis, basilar skull fracture

59
Q

What organisms is responsible for meningitis in AIDS PTs?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

60
Q

Recognize condition, manifestation and tests for organism

A

asdf

61
Q

Characteristics of Strep Pneumo

A

Capsule transmitted by droplet/extension

Risks in splenectomy, CSF leaks, pneumococcal pneumonia or cochlear implant

62
Q

Characteristics of Neisseria Meningitidis

A

Causes meningitis from a capsule of IgA protease transmitted through respiratory drops in close quarters or unvaccinated persons

63
Q

Characteristics of Haemophilus influenza

A

Causes meningitis in unvaccinated kids as a capsules that colonize in URT from droplet spread in PTs w/ head trauma, otitis media or CSF leaks

64
Q

Characteristics of Listeria Monocytogenes

A

Meningitis, still birth or rhomboencephalitis causing microbe that survives in phagocytic cells from unpasteurized milk/cheese in PTs that are immune suppressed or pregnant

65
Q

Characteristics of Streptococcus Agalactiae

A

Causes meningitis from B hemolysin and hyaluronidase transmitted to neonate by GBS in pregnant/vaginal births

66
Q

Characteristics of anaerobes

A

Cause of brain abscess from adhesions from oral flora in PTs w/ poor oral hygiene

67
Q

What are the CNS slow bacteria?

A

Mycobacteria TB
Borrelia burgdoferi
Treponema pallidum

68
Q

Characteristics of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

A

TB Meningitis or CNS Tuberculoma that is transmitted by droplet and survives in lung tissue until immune suppression allows growth in kids/AIDS

69
Q

Characteristics of Borrelia Burgdorferi

A

Neuroborreliosis, subacute meningitis or facial palsy caused by microbe that changes outer surface proteins from a Deer Tick

70
Q

Characteristics of Treponema Pallidum

A

Neurosyphilis or Gummas in PTs with untreated syphilis

71
Q

Characteristics of Arboviruses

A

Example- West Nile

Transmitted by arthropod vector mosquito that results in encephalitis

IPAP (212 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions