Quesmed Eyes

Question 1

Where does the nasal field of vision travel?

Answer 1

Temporal retina.

Question 2

Where does the temporal field of vision travel?

Answer 2

Nasal retina.

Question 3

What is the path of the nasal retina?

Answer 3

Contralateral at optic chiasm, transmitting the temporal field of vision.

Question 4

What is the path of the temporal retina?

Answer 4

Ipsilateral at the optic chiasm, transmitting the temporal field of vision.

Question 5

What is anopoia?

Answer 5

Damage to optic chiasm before crossing over.

Loss of vision on same side of damage.

Question 6

What is bitemporal hemianopia?

Answer 6

Damage to optic chiasm at crossover.
Loss of nasal retina which transmits the temporal field of vision so lateral half of vision is gone.

Question 7

What is Homonymous hemianopia?

Answer 7

Damage to CONTRALATERAL optic tract after crossing over at chiasm which causes loss of ipsilateral temporal retina and contralateral nasal retina.

E.g Loss of nasal field on ipsilateral side and temporal field of vision on contralateral side.

Question 8

What is quadranitopia?

Answer 8

Lesion to the optic radiation affecting
Half of temporal retina and half of nasal retina on the side affected.

This presents very similarly to bitemporal hemianopia, but instead of half it is a quarter.

Question 9

What is the visual pathway?

Answer 9

Optic nerve travels along optic chiasm.
Optic tract
Lateral geniculate nucleus
Primary visual cortex

Question 10

Where is an alternative pathway for fibres to project from optic tract?

Answer 10

Suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus.

Question 11

What is the optic radiation?

Answer 11

Connects the lateral geniculate nucleus to the primary visual cortex of occipital lobe.

Question 12

What is the innervation to the ciliary muscles?

Answer 12

Short ciliary nerve.

Question 13

What is the consensual pupillary reflex?

Answer 13

Light being shone in one eye should cause the unaffected eye to constrict.

Question 14

What is the innervation for pupillary reflex?

Answer 14

Afferent limb is optic nerve.
Efferent limb is oculomotor nervew

Question 15

What is the pathway for pupillary reflex?

Answer 15

Optic nerve
Pretectal nucleus
Edinger-Westphal nucleus

Question 16

What is the afferent limb for pupillary reflex?

Answer 16

Optic nerve.

Damage to this will mean that there will be no pupil constriction on BOTH when light is on the AFFECTED eye.

Question 17

What is the efferent limb of the pupillary reflex?

Answer 17

Oculomotor nerve.

Damage to this would allow pupil constriction for the unaffected eye, due to afferent limb being functional.

Question 18

How can acromegaly affect vision?

Answer 18

Causes hemianopia depending on how the pituitary tumour compresses the eye.