PBL B11 W4

Question 1

What are the signs of neglect?

Answer 1

Poor hygiene, stealing food, underweight

Question 2

How is neglect measured?

Answer 2

Physical Care
Medical Care
Emotional Care
Educational neglect

Question 3

What are the normal growth patterns?

Answer 3

Intrauterine growth is fasted in the 2nd trimester, with the highest weight gain in the 3rd trimester. Post-birth, children will lose 10% of birth weight and will regain and double in weight in weeks 5-12 and triple by wk 12.
In childhood, growth is driven by growth hormone and greatest rate of growth occurring in the first 2 years of life with growth spurt in puberty.

Question 4

What are the causes of abnormal growth?

Answer 4

Malabsorption
Failure to utilise nutrients
Chronic infection or thyrotoxicosis
Feeding difficulties
Conditions such as Down’s syndrome and Dwarfism (hypopituitarism, achondroplasia, Larson-Dwarfism)
Malnutrition

Question 5

How is puberty induced?

Answer 5

Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) is released from the hypothalamus in pulsatile bursts at puberty and acts on the pituitary gland to release FSH and LH from the gonadotroph region. These hormones respond by causing the ovaries/testes to produce oestrogen and testosterone.

Question 6

What are the causes of tall stature?

Answer 6

Acromegaly
Klinefelter syndrome
Maternal diabetes
Cerebral gigantism

Question 7

What are the causes of short stature?

Answer 7

Poor nutrition, failure to thrive, IUGR, maternal or congenital infection, chronic disease such as sickle cell anaemia.

Question 8

What are the treatments for short stature?

Answer 8

Recombinant growth hormone, IGF-1
Thyroid hormone replacement therapy
Limb lengthening surgery