Hip Joint Flashcards
What is the hip joint?
Multiaxial ball and socket joint which is very mobile and stable due to deep acetabulum, strengthened by ligaments. The joint consists of the femur and the pubis, ischium and ilium of the pelvis.
What are the ligaments of hip joint?
Iliofemoral ligament
Ischiofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament
How do the ligaments of the hip stabilise?
The ligaments connect the femur to the hip; when the hip is flexed, the ligaments are parallel for the attachment to femur. In extension, the femur moves further away relative to the acetabulum so the ligaments tighten in an oblique position to bring femur closer to acetabulum, preventing hyper extension and increasing joint stability.
What is the strongest hip ligament?
Iliofemoral ligament
What is the weakest hip ligament?
Ischiofemoral ligament
What are the gluteal muscles?
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimis
Tensor fascia latae
What is the gluteus maximus?
Arises from the ilium and saccrum to the
1)iliotibial band and
2) gluteal tuberosity of femur
Innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve from (L5, S1,S2) which moves below the piriformis muscle.
Important for hip extension from a flexed position.
What is the gluteus medius?
Origin is from the ilium to the greater trochanter of the femur, innervated by the superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
—> Stabilishes the pelvis and for hip abduction.
What is the gluteus minimis?
Origin is from the ilium to the greater trochanter of the femur, innervated by the superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) for hip abduction and pelvis stabilisation.
What is the tensor fascia latae?
Origin is the ilium to the iliotibial band for hip , innervated by the superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) for hip abduction, stabilisation of pelvis and internal rotation.
What is the role of the gluteus medius, minimis and tensor fasciae latae?
Hip abduction and stabilisation of the pelvis.
-> Innervated by the superior gluteal nerve
What is the role of the gluteus maximus?
Hip extension from a flexed position.
External rotation of the hip,
Which muscles are involved in hip flexion?
Iliopsoas muscle
Rectus femoris, Sartorius and Pectineus of anterior thigh, which are also involved in rotation.
Which muscles are involved in hip extension?
Gluteus maximum
Hamstrings
Which muscles are involved in hip abduction?
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimis
Tensor fasciae latae
-> These muscles are innervated by the superior gluteal nerve.
Which muscles are involved in hip adduction?
Medial compartment thigh muscles such as adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor Magnus
Which muscles are involved in internal rotation of hip?
Gluteus medius and minimis
Which muscles are involved in external rotation of the hip?
Piriformis
Quadratics femoris
Obturator internus
Superior and inferior gemelli
-> these are innervated by the sacral plexus branches
What is the role of iliopsoas muscle?
Consists of the iliacus muscle and psoas major muscle which are responsible for hip flexion.
What is the deep femoral artery?
AKA profounda femoris artery, it is the largest branch of the femoral artery that arises in the femoral triangle. It gives off the medial circumflex artery and lateral circumflex artery, the major blood supply to the femoral head.
What is the major blood supply to the head and neck of femur?
Extracapsular arterial ring, formed of ascending branches of the medial circumflex arteries and the lateral circumflex arteries that give off retinacular branches. These give off the epiphyses arteries for the ligament of femoral head
Eg LCF → ascending → retinacular —> epiphyseal
Most major is the Medial circumflex artery via its posterior-superior retinacular branches. Damage to the MCF results in avascular necrosis .
What are the branches of the medial circumflex artery?
Transverse branch (involved in cruciate anastomosis)
Ascending branch (involved in trochanter anastomosis)
Posterior retinacular branch
What are the branches of the Lateral circumflex artery?
Ascending branch -> anterior reticular branch
Transverse branch
Descending branch
Which part of lateral circumflex is involved in the cruciate anastomosis?
Transverse branch.
