Drugs important Flashcards
Which corticosteroids have a high mineralcorticoid activity?
Fludrocortisone
Which corticosteroids have a high glucocorticoid activity?
Prednisolone
Betamethasone
Dexamethasone
Which corticosteroids have equal mineralcorticoid and glucocorticoid activity?
Hydrocortisone.
What is a side effect of digoxin?
Toxicity, caused by hyperkalemia.
It can also cause yellow-green vision.
How does acid fast bacteria work?
Bacteria with a large amount of lipid in their cell wall retain the stain so it cannot be washed off with acid
What is the most common presentation of TB?
Asymptomatic, due to bacteria lying dormant in a granuloma.
How does pyrazinamide work in tuberculosis treatment?
Inhibits FAS1, an enzyme which syntheses fatty acid precursors of mycolic acid.
Which drugs to treat tuberculosis inhibit synthesis of mycolic acid directly?
Isoniazid and ethambutol.
How does rifampicin work?
Inhibits RNA polymerase for synthesis of tuberculosis. Rifamipicin induces liver enzymes therefore increases the clearance of drugs like warfarin and glucocorticoids.
Which drug commonly causes dry cough?
ACE inhibitors.
What are the features of aspirin?
It is an IRREVERSIBLE non specific COX inhibitor. This makes it a very powerful anti-platelet drug because platelets cannot synthesise new proteins.
What are the features of Celecoxib?
It is a REVERSIBLE COX-2 inhibitor.
What can verapamil not be used for?
Verapamil is a CLass IV anti-arrythmia which blocks nondihydropyramidine Ca2”+ channels to reduce heart rate in ventricular and supraventricular tachycardia.
AVOID in AV block like Wolfson-Parkinson syndrome.
AVOID in hypotension due to reducing heart rate.
What are the features of the tuberculosis pathogen?
M. tuberculosis is an acid-fast, obligate aerobic bacilli
What are the side effects of dihydropyramidine calcium channel blockers?
Blocks calcium channels and reduces heart rate and pumping of blood in body leading to:
Hypotension, ankle swelling, vasodilation, and reflex tachycardia in response.
