Blood Supply To The Gut

Question 1

What are the branches of the coeliac trunk?

Answer 1

Coeliacs trunk supplies the foregut and gives rise to 3 major branches:
Splenic artery
Left gastric artery
Common hepatic artery

Question 2

What are the branches of the common hepatic artery?

Answer 2

Common hepatic artery gives off two bifurcations:
Gastroduodenal artery
Right gastric artery

Common hepatic artery will continue and become the hepatic artery proper, that forms part of the portal triad and split into the left and right hepatic artery

Question 3

What does the gastroduodenal artery supply?

Answer 3

Pylorum of stomach and proximal duodenum, and it passes posteriorly to the duodenum.

Question 4

What is the blood supply to the lesser curvature of the stomach?

Answer 4

Right gastric artery, which supplies the right half of the lesser curvature
Left gastric artery, which supplies the left half of the lesser curvature

Question 5

What is the blood supply to the greater curvature of the stomach?

Answer 5

Left and right gastroepiploic artery.

Question 6

What is the origin of the right gastroepiploic artery?

Answer 6

Branch of the gastroduodenal artery from the common hepatic artery, to supply the greater curvature of the stomach.

Question 7

What is the origin of the left gastroepiploic artery?

Answer 7

Branch of the splenic artery, to supply the greater curvature of the stomach.

Question 8

What is the blood supply to the fundus?

Answer 8

Short gastric artery, which is the only blood supply to the region and is a branch of the splenic artery.

Question 9

What are the branches of the splenic artery?

Answer 9

Short gastric artery
Left gastroepiploic artery
Pancreatic branches

Question 10

What is the superior mesenteric artery?

Answer 10

Branches from L1 to supply the midgut structures and lies close to the renal vein.

Question 11

What is the inferior mesenteric artery?

Answer 11

Located at L2-L4 which are responsible for supplying the hindgut.

Question 12

What are the branches of the portal vein?

Answer 12

Portal vein is formed from:
Cystic vein
Right and left gastric veins
Splenic vein
Para-umbilical veins

Question 13

What are the branches of the splenic vein?

Answer 13

Short gastric vein
Pancreatic vein
Inferior mesenteric vein
Left gastro-epiploic vein

Question 14

What is the role of the left gastro-epiploic vein?

Answer 14

Left gastro-omental vein which drains the greater curvature of the stomach

Question 15

What is a direct inguinal hernia?

Answer 15

Perforation of the bowel through Hesselbach’s triangle, lateral to the inguinal canal, but bulges through the posterior wall.

Question 16

What is an indirect inguinal hernia?

Answer 16

Perforation of the bowel through both the internal and external inguinal canal. This occurs behind the external oblique fibres therefore it is difficult to palpate.

Question 17

What are the consequences of bowel herniation?

Answer 17

Small bowel obstruction and bowel ischaemia.

Question 18

What is MRCP?

Answer 18

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, which uses T2 weighted MRI to identify slow moving fluid in the gall bladder.

Question 19

How can liver cirrhosis be identified on imaging?

Answer 19

B

Question 20

How can ulcerative colitis be identified on imaging?

Answer 20

Lack of identifiable haustra, so the colon resembles a lead pipe.

Question 21

How can colon cancer be identified on imaging?

Answer 21

Apple-core like enlargement of the colon.

Question 22

Where do abdominal aorta aneurysms typically occur?

Answer 22

Below the level of the renal arteries.

Question 23

What level is the abdominal aorta?

Answer 23

T12

Question 24

What level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate?

Answer 24

Becomes common iliac arteries at L4.

Question 25

What is the blood supply to the pancreas?

Answer 25

Branches of the splenic artery that suppplies a majority of the pancreas, excluding the head.

Question 26

What is the nerve supply to the anal canal above the pectinate line?

Answer 26

Inferior hypogastric plexus for aparasymapthetic visceral innervation to control the tone of the internal anal sphincter.

Question 27

What is the nerve supply to the anal canal below the pectinate line?

Answer 27

Pudendal nerve that provides somatic innervation for pain, temperature and sensation.

Question 28

What is the embryological origin above the pectinate line?

Answer 28

Endoderm, because it is part of the hindgut.

Question 29

What is the embryological origin below the pectinate line?

Answer 29

Ectoderm.