Pathology of inflammatory response Flashcards
What is acute inflammation?
Short lived and neutrophil rich. Consists of inflammatory exudate, oedema and pus.
What is calor?
Heat associated with inflammation
What is dolor?
Pain associated with inflammation
What are the microbial causes of inflammation?
Pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) such as LPS, peptigoglycan and lipotechoic acid
Virulence factors
How does recognition occur for inflammation?
Damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPS) are found on WBCs which are released when membrane lysis occurs of damaged cells which initiate inflammation.
What is an exudate?
Fluid discharged from blood vessel, typically during inflammation. Inflammatory exudate is rich in protein and leukocytes.
What is a transudate?
Fluid which passes through the membrane/tissue which contain little/no proteins, which develops from imbalance in hydrostatic or oncotic pressure. This can cause oedema.
THis is the fluid in serous inflammation that occurs in skin burns.
What are the microvascular changes in inflammation?
Formation of inflammatory exudate containing fibrinogen. This enters the interstitial space causes oedema and leads to pus
What is the role of fibrinogen in inflammation?
Converted into fibrin to form a mesh scaffold for healing and repair.
What is the process of acute inflammation?
Pathogen binds to C3 for activation of complement cascade. C3b opsonises pathogen while C5a and C3a induce increased vascular permeability and expression of adhesive proteins for attachment and exudation of WBC. Endothelium further drives this with production of NO.
What is an inflammatory exudate?
Fluid which leaks out of blood vessels rich in protein and leukocytes which move to the site of injury.
What is pus?
Purulent (pus) exudate which is full of dead neutrophils and dying cells and bacteria.
What is chronic inflammation?
Long lived, driven by lymphocyte, plasma cells and macrophage rich
What are the cellular mediators of inflammation?
Vasoactive amines, arachidionic acid derivatives, lysosymal enzymes, oxygen radicals and Nitric oxide
What are the vasoactive amines?
Histamine and tyramine
What are the arachidionic acid derivatives?
Leukotrienes, thromboxane and prostacycline and prostaglandins.
What is the kinin system?
Proteins in the blood which cause inflammation such as bradykinin.
What are the plasma derived mediators of inflammation?
Kinin system, complement system and coagulation and fibrinolytic system.
What is Hageman factor?
It is inactive Factor XII/Pro-coagulation factor which initiates the intrinsic pathway.
What is plasmin?
Serine protease which acts to dissolve fibrin blood clots.
What is the effect of acute inflammation on the body?
Increases bone marrow WBC production causing fever, and tachycardia. Vasodilation causes drop in BP, loss of appetite and vomiting. It alters liver metabolism and HPA axis by increasing cortisol production.