Alcohol

Question 1

How many units of alcohol in a regular pint?

Answer 1

2 units.

Question 2

How many units of alcohol in a glass of wine?

Answer 2

2 units.

Question 3

How many units in a bottle of wine?

Answer 3

9 units.

Question 4

What is the general alcohol percentage in spirits?

Answer 4

40%.

Question 5

What is the calculation for alcohol units?

Answer 5

Millimetres of a drink x alcohol percentage

Question 6

What is the general alcohol percentage in beers?

Answer 6

4.5%.

Question 7

What is the general alcohol percentage in cider?

Answer 7

5%.

Question 8

What is the limits for drinking alcohol for women?

Answer 8

Low risk: 2 units
Medium risk: 2-5 units
High risk: Over 7 units

Question 9

What is the limits for drinking alcohol for men?

Answer 9

Low risk: Up to 5 units
Medium units: 5-7 units
High units: >7 units

Question 10

How much drinking is too much drinking?

Answer 10

Threshold for drinking is 14 units for men and women.

Question 11

What are the medical consequences for alcohol use?

Answer 11

Increases the cancer risk for the mouth, throat, liver and breast and lower digestive system.

Short term risks are greater for men and longer term risks are greater for women. Potential protective effects were confined to women over 55. There is no safe level for drinking because alcohol is a dose-response relationship.

Question 12

What is the conceptual model of harm?

Answer 12

Contribution of factors that contribute to alcohol consumption and frequency such as:

—>Individual vulnerability factors such as age, gender, familial factors and socioeconomic status

—> Social vulnerability factors like culture, drinking context, alcohol distribution and level of development

Question 13

What are the environmental factors that contribute to alcoholism?

Answer 13

Individual factors like positive effects/expectations and influence of peers

Prevalence trends like affordability, accessibility and media promotion

Adverse childhood experience, low self-control, conduct and mood disorders, poor family support

Question 14

What is an effective health promotion strategy for alcohol?

Answer 14

—> Population strategies such as Taxation and pricing of alcohol, Lower BAC limits (Breath alcohol concentration) and restricting availability.

—>Screening using AUDIT and FAST, and those identified as having a dependence should be referred to specialist treatment, for intervention with individualised feedback and advice to reduce alcohol consumption

—> FRAMES intervention strategy

Question 15

What is the role of the medical profession in relation to alcohol?

Answer 15

Recognising alcohol dependence, screening and referral to specialist services

Providing patients support through counselling and CBT and signposting to services for housing and work

Pharmaceutical management for addiction withdrawal and conditions caused by alcohol addiction

Question 16

What is AUDIT?

Answer 16

Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, which is a screening test for alcohol dependence.

Question 17

What is a significant factor in alcohol maintenance?

Answer 17

Alcohol withdrawal. This defines the criteria for alcohol dependence which includes:
-> Impaired control over alcohol use
-> Precedence of alcohol use over other aspects of life
-> Physiological changes such as alcohol tolerance and dependence.

Question 18

What is FAST?

Answer 18

Fast Alcohol Screening Test, which is a screening test for alcohol dependence in the emergency department.

Question 19

What is FRAMES?

Answer 19

Intervention strategy for alcohol:
—> Feedback of the screening score
—> Responsibility for straightforward and accurate information
—> Advice on modifying alcohol use
—> Menu of strategies to change behaviour
—> Empathy with respect and judgement
—> Self-efficacy to be promoted and to succeed.

Question 20

What are the social consequences of alcohol addiction?

Answer 20

It can lead to unemployment and homelessness

Higher aggression and violence,

Strained relationships with family and partners

Neglecting self-care and risk of increased depression and anxiety

Question 21

What is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

Answer 21

Chronic alcohol addiction associated with thiamine (B1) deficiency results in altered mental state, cerebellar dysfunction and oculomotor abnormality.

Question 22

What is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

Answer 22

Chronic alcohol addiction associated with thiamine (B1) deficiency results in altered mental state, cerebellar dysfunction and oculomotor abnormality.